{{short description|Indian Islamic Scholar}} {{distinguish|Muhammad Taqi Usmani}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}} {{Infobox academic | discipline = [[Fiqh]] | workplaces = [[Aligarh Muslim University]] | title = Professor,<ref name="al-Alwanisadeq">{{cite book|author1=Taha J. al-Alwani|author2=A.H.M. sadeq|author3=Fathi Osman|title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 69:2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Xk5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA339|publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT)|pages=339–|id=GGKEY:7FB6LX8NT0D}}</ref> Mawlāna <ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WuZQAwAAQBAJ&q=taqi+amini&pg=PA196 |title = God, Muhammad and the Unbelievers|isbn = 9781136815775|last1 = Marshall|first1 = David|date = 8 April 2014| publisher=Routledge }}</ref> | name = Muhammad Taqi Amini | birth_date = 5 May 1926 | birth_place = Subeha, [[Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh|Barabanki]], [[United Provinces of British India]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1991|01|21|1926|05|5}} | death_place = [[Aligarh]], Uttar Pradesh, India | main_interests = [[Fiqh]], [[Hadith]] | alma_mater = [[Madrasa Aminia]] | notable_works = ''Fiqh-e-Islami Ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar'', ''Hadees Ka Dirayati Meyar'' | module = {{Infobox religious biography | embed = yes |religion = [[Islam]] |jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]] |denomination = [[Sunni]] |creed = [[Maturidi]] |teacher = [[Kifayatullah Dihlawi]] }} }}
'''Muhammad Taqi Amīni''' ( 5 May 1926 – 21 January 1991) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist, [[Urdu]] author and the dean of [[Faculty of Theology, Aligarh Muslim University|Theology faculty]] of [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cerulli |first1=Enrico |author-link1=Enrico Cerulli |title=Questions actuelles de Droit musulman au Pakistan: Les Uṣūl al-fiqh; la donation; le contrôle des naissances |journal=Studia Islamica |date=1969 |issue=29 |page=108 |doi=10.2307/1595089 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|jstor=1595089 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SfYAAAAMAAJ&q=taqi+amini | title=The Urgency of Ijtihad| isbn=9788171511518| last1=Ahmed| first1=Moinuddin| year=1992| publisher=Kitab Bhavan}}</ref> He is known for his works on Islamic jurisprudence, and his book ''Fiqh Islami ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar'' is a required reading for master's degree in [[Islamic studies]] at the [[Islamic University of Science & Technology]].<ref name="iust">{{cite web |author1=Islamic University of Science & Technology |author-link1=Islamic University of Science & Technology |title=DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES: IUST |url=https://www.iustlive.com/Notifications/Syllabus/M.A.%20(IS)_1_2_9_2015.pdf |website=iustlive.com |access-date=2 April 2020 |page=30 |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410084339/https://www.iustlive.com/Notifications/Syllabus/M.A.%20(IS)_1_2_9_2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Amīni was an alumnus of the Jami’ul Ulum, Kanpur and the [[Madrasa Aminia]]. During his career, he taught at [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]] and served as the Principal at Darul Uloom Muiniya in Ajmer. He became a Dean Professor in the [[Faculty of Theology, Aligarh Muslim University|Theology faculty]] at [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and retired in 1986. He wrote books including ''Reconstruction of Culture and Islam'', ''Ijtehad Ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar'' and ''Ahkam-e-Sharia Mai Halat-o-Zamana Ki Ri'ayat''.
==Biography== Muhammad Taqi Amīni was born on 5 May 1926 in Subeha, [[Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh|Barabanki]], [[United Provinces of British India]] (now [[Uttar Pradesh]]).<ref name="asir">{{cite book |author1=Asir Adrawi |author-link1=Asir Adrawi |title=Tadhkirah Mashahir-e-Hind: Karwan-e-Rafta |publisher=Darul Muallifeen |location=[[Deoband]] |page=64 |edition=1st edition, 1994 |language=ur}}</ref><ref name="objective">{{cite journal |title=Contribution of Indian Islamic Scholars to Islamic Economic Thoughts |journal=Journal of Objective Studies |date=2003 |volume=15-18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXUMAQAAMAAJ&q=taqi+amini |access-date=22 May 2020 |publisher=Institute of Objective Studies |location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> He acquired his primary education in local [[madrassas]] and then went to Jami’ul Ulum in [[Kanpur]]. He completed his [[dars-e-nizami]] studies under [[Kifayatullah Dihlawi]] at [[Madrasa Aminia]] in Delhi.<ref name="asir" />
Amīni started teaching at Madrasa Subhania Delhi, [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]] and Jami'ul-Uloom in [[Kanpur]].<ref name="irfaan" /> He moved to [[Nagpur]] in 1950, where he taught in Madrasa Sanwiya and High School for about 6 years and then moved to [[Ajmer]] in 1956 to teach at Darul Uloom Muinia where he became Principal and Shaykh al-Hadith. His career in Darul Uloom Muinia lasted for about seven years and he mainly taught [[Hadith|Hadith sciences]].<ref name="irfaan" /> At the request of [[Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi]], Amīni joined [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (AMU) as a lecturer in the department of Sunni Theology in 1964.<ref name="irfaan">{{cite journal |author1=Anas Hassan Khan |title=Six Monthly al-Irfan |journal=جدید معاشی مسائل اور اسلام Modern economic issues and Islam |date=July–December 2016 |volume=1 |issue=2 |page=43 |url=https://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Prof-Muhammad-Anas-Hassan.pdf |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410084205/https://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Prof-Muhammad-Anas-Hassan.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> He became a professor and department head, then the Dean of the Faculty of Theology, and stayed at the AMU until 1986. However, the Vice Chancellor of the AMU, [[Syed Hashim Ali|Sayyid Hashim Ali]] extended his post up to 1989.<ref name="asir" / <ref name="nadwa">{{cite book |author1=Munawwar Sultan Nadwi |author-link1=Munawwar Sultan Nadwi|title=Nadwatul Ulama Ka Fiqhi Mizaj awr Abna-e-Nadwa Ki Fiqhi Khidmat |publisher=Al Mahad ul Aali Al Islami |location=[[Hyderabad]] |pages=183–184 |edition=July 2004}}</ref> Amīni was a member of Majlis Tahqeeqat-e-Shariah, a jurisprudence council established by [[Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi]].<ref name="nadwa" /> Amīni died on 21 January 1991 in [[Aligarh]].<ref name="asir" />
At the AMU, Javed Ahsan Falahi wrote a doctoral thesis entitled ''Mawlana Muhammad Taqi Amīni: Life and Contributions''.<ref name="irfaan" />
==Understanding of punishment== In ''Punishment of Apostasy in Islam'', [[S. A. Rahman]] says that, according to Amini, {{blockquote| the scope of [[hudud]] [divinely mandated punishments] must be confined to Quranic prescriptions only and all other punishments should be classified in the category of [[tazir]] [discretionary]. There might be crimes for which punishments were prescribed during the times of first four Caliphs of Islam, and for which the claim of finality may be made on the basis of previous consensus. But, timely circumstances would justify their revision in accordance with explicit texts.<ref name="rahman">{{cite book |page=124 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4fsYtFf5AoC&q=taqi+amini&pg=PA124 |access-date=22 May 2020|title = Punishment of Apostasy in Islam|isbn = 9789839541496|last1 = Rahman|first1 = S. A.|year = 2006| publisher=The Other Press }}</ref>}}
==Literary works== Amīni's books include:<ref name="rekhta">{{cite web |title=Books of Muhammad Taqi Amīni |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks?author=mohammad-taqi-ameeni |website=Rekhta.org |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="ganga">{{cite web |title=Literary works of Muhammad Taqi Amini |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/63108/10/10_chapter%205.pdf |website=shodhganga |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Books by Muhammad Taqi Amini |url=https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84053574/ |publisher=[[WorldCat]] |access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref> *''Ahkam-e-Sharia Mai Halat-o-Zamana Ki Ri'ayat'' *''Fiqh-e-Islami Ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar'' *''Hadees Ka Dirayati Meyar''<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Khatoon |first=Aaisha |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |title=Aazadi ke Baad Hindustan ki Khidmaat e Hadith |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |page= |location=India |language=urdu |type=PhD |hdl=10603/364027 |pages=185–186 |access-date=2023-10-24 |archive-date=2023-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024064943/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |url-status=live }}</ref> *''Hikmatul Quran''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Abdul Waris |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebook-detail/islami-uloom-mein-nadwat-ul-musannifin-ki-khidmaat-ek-mutala-abdul-waris-khan-ebooks |title=Islāmi Uloom mai Nadwatul Musannifeen ki Khidmāt: Ek mutāla |date=1999 |publisher=Islamic Book Foundation |location=New Delhi |page=49 |trans-title=The contribution of Nadwatul Musannifeen in Islamic studies: A study}}</ref> *''Ijtehad Ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar'' *''Islam Ka Zar'i Nizam'' *''Ka’inat mai Insan ka Maqam'' *''La-mazhabi Daur Ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar'' *''Muraslat: Ilmi wa Deeni'' *''Tahzib-e-Jadīd ki Tashkīl'' ({{Translation|''Reconstruction of Culture and Islam''}})
== See also == * [[List of Deobandis]]
==References== {{reflist}}
==Bibliography== * {{Cite journal |last1=Shahid |first1=Muhammad |last2=Amjad |first2=Muhammad |date=2021 |title=Contemporary Concept of Inter Religious Harmony: Analytical Study of Mawlana Muhammad Taqi Amini's Thought |url=https://alqamarjournal.com/index.php/alqamar/article/view/943 |journal=Al-Qamar |language=ur |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=553–560 |issn=2664-4398}} * {{cite book |last1=Adrawi |first1=Asir |author1-link=Asir Adrawi |title=Karwān-e-Rafta: Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind |trans-title= The Caravan of the Past: Discussing Indian scholars|date=April 2016 |publisher=Darul Muallifeen |location=Deoband |edition=2nd|language=ur}} * {{cite thesis |last1=Khan |first1=Jawed Ahmad |title=Mawlānā Taqi Amīnī awr unki Fiqhi Khidmāt |trans-title= Mawlānā Taqi Amīnī and his juristic contributions |date=2012 |publisher=Aligarh Muslim University |hdl=10603/63108 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/63108}} * {{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Anas Hassan |title=Six Monthly al-Irfan |journal=جدید معاشی مسائل اور اسلام (Modern economic issues and Islam) |date=July–December 2016 |volume=1 |issue=2 |url=https://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Prof-Muhammad-Anas-Hassan.pdf |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410084205/https://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Prof-Muhammad-Anas-Hassan.pdf |url-status=dead }}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amini, Muhammad Taqi}} [[Category:1926 births]] [[Category:1991 deaths]] [[Category:Deobandis]] [[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]] [[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]] [[Category:20th-century Indian jurists]] [[Category:Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University]] [[Category:Madrasa Aminia alumni]] [[Category:People from Barabanki district]]