{{Infobox monarch| | name = Muhammad II Manza | succession = ''Mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire | reign = 14th century (1 year)<br/>{{Circa}} 1388–1389{{efn|name="MuhammadReign"}} | predecessor = Saʽid | successor = Kade II Afunu | death_date = {{circa}} 1389 | house = Sayfawa dynasty (Idrisid{{efn|The 14th and 15th centuries saw protracted civil wars between the rival Idrisid (descendants of Idris I Nikalemi) and Dawudid (descendants of Dawud Nikalemi) branches of the Sayfawa dynasty.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://www.google.se/books/edition/Dictionary_of_African_Biography/39JMAgAAQBAJ |title=Dictionary of African Biography |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |pages=172–173 |language=en |chapter=Ali Gajideni}}</ref>}}) | house-type = Dynasty | father = Idris I Nikalemi }} '''Muhammad II''' (Muḥammad bin Idrīs<ref name=":0232">{{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=Clifford Edmund |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/New_Islamic_Dynasties/maQxEAAAQBAJ |title=The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual |date=2012 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year= |isbn=0-7486-2137-7 |pages=126 |orig-year=1996}}</ref>), called '''Muhammad Manza''',<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=76–77 |issn=0368-4016}}</ref> was briefly ''mai'' (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in the late 14th century, ruling approximately 1388–1389.{{efn|name="MuhammadReign"|Specific regnal years of rulers of the Kanem–Bornu Empire are calculated by backdating from known events using their regnal lengths and vary between sources. The lists of Nachtigal and Landeroin agreed that Muhammad ruled for just a year. Nachtigal dated his reign to 1426–1427 and Landeroin dated it to 1397–1398.<ref name=":1" /> Muhammad was omitted by several later authors as well, including Lange (1984)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}</ref> and Stewart (1989).<ref name="Stewart">{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland & Company |year=1989 |p=146}}</ref> Bosworth (2012) dated his reign to 1388–1389.<ref name=":0232" />}} Muhammad ruled during the "Era of Instability", a chaotic period of internal and external conflict in the empire.

== Life == Muhammad was a son of ''mai'' Idris I Nikalemi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=53, 58, 63, 81 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}</ref> Muhammad succeeded his brother Saʽid as ''mai'' in the late 14th century.<ref name=":0232" /><ref name=":2" />

Muhammad is poorly recorded in the sources and is omitted in most of the Kanem–Bornu regnal lists (''girgam''s) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries.<ref name=":2" /> He is recorded in the lists of Gustav Nachtigal (1881) and {{Interlanguage link|Moïse Landeroin|lt=Moïse Landeroin|fr|Moïse Landeroin}} (1911), both of whom assign him a reign of just one year.<ref name=":2" /> Muhammad is also listed in a ''girgam'' translated by Richmond Palmer in 1912, though this ''girgam'' exhibits a confused chronology and sequence of names. Muhammad was omitted in later lists produced by Palmer.<ref name=":2" /> Palmer's 1912 ''girgam'' refers to him as ''Muhammad Manza'', with Palmer noting that ''Manza'' was "an uncomplimentary nickname given to avert the evil eye."<ref name=":32" />

Muhammad was succeeded as ''mai'' by his brother Kade II Afunu.<ref name=":2" /> According to Palmer's 1912 ''girgam'', Muhammad was buried at "Jaburu of many ''dom'' and ''fan'' palms".<ref name=":32" />

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

== References == <references /> {{Kanem–Bornu rulers}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad 02 of Bornu}} Category:Rulers of the Bornu Empire Category:14th-century monarchs in Africa