The '''Moskvitch DM''' (also known as '''UMZ-412''' or '''UZAM-412''') was an automobile engine developed by ''Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola'' (Lenin Komsomol Automobile Factory, AZLK) under the Moskvitch brand, for the Moskvich 412.<ref>Thompson, Andy. ''Cars of the Soviet Union'' (Haynes Publishing, Somerset, UK, 2008), p.145 & 147.</ref>
Design of the {{convert|1,478|cc|cid|abbr=on}}<ref name="Thompson, p.149">Thompson, p.149.</ref> DM began in response to the increasing power of Western Europe's competitors to the just-introduced Moskvitch 408.<ref>Thompson, p.145 & 147.</ref> The existing engine's displacement could not be enlarged profitably, so the ''AZLK'' team, led by Igor Okunev, started with a clean sheet.<ref>Thompson, p.137.</ref> It had a very stiff five-bearing crankshaft, and a very high-mounted camshaft (resembling the Hillman Avenger).<ref name="Thompson, p.147">Thompson, p.147.</ref> Oknuev, drawing on his experience in motorcycles, saw he could eliminate pushrods and raise the top rev limit, to 5,800 from the earlier engine's 4750.<ref name="Thompson, p.147"/>
The cam was chain-driven, and the block, head, sump, rocker cover, intake manifold, and other parts were aluminum.<ref name="Thompson, p.147"/> It weighed only {{convert|146|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, just {{convert|6|kg|lb|abbr=on}} more than the previous {{convert|1360|cc|cid|abbr=on}}, but produced {{convert|75|hp|kW PS|lk=on|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Thompson, p.147"/> It had removable cylinder liners, with both the aluminum oil pump and distributor driven off the crankshaft.<ref name="Thompson, p.149"/>
Prototype engines were delivered in 1964.<ref name="Thompson, p.147"/> It was tested in racing in summer 1966, before entering full production, in a higher tuned state, producing {{convert|92|hp|kW PS|lk=on|abbr=on}}, in the Moskvitch G4M racer.<ref name="Thompson, p.147"/>
It was produced by ''Ufa Motorniy Avtomobilny Zavod'' (Ufa Automobile Engine Factory, UZAM), and the first production engine was completed 15 March 1966.<ref name="Thompson, p.149"/> It was first used in the Moskvitch 412 in March 1967.<ref name="Thompson, p.149"/> It was also supplied to IZH, which also assembled the 412.<ref name="Thompson, p.149"/>
The planned 1975 Moskvitch 356 was to use an enlarged {{convert|1,799|cc|cid|abbr=on}} version of the DM, with twin Zenith carburetors, giving {{convert|103|hp|kW PS|lk=on|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Thompson, p.164">Thompson, p.164.</ref> None was built.<ref name="Thompson, p.164"/>
This was followed by the 1975 four door fastback Moskvitch C1 (Series One), with a {{convert|1,702|cc|cid|abbr=on}} version of the DM, offering {{convert|81|hp|kW PS|lk=on|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Thompson, p.167">Thompson, p.167.</ref> It inspired the Moskvitch C3, which was very similar but a five-door hatchback.<ref name="Thompson, p.167"/> The engine would have been fitted at an angle from the vertical (like the Chrysler slant six).<ref>Thompson, p.168.</ref> Neither project reached production.<ref name="Thompson, p.164"/>
== Notes == {{reflist}}
== Sources == * Thompson, Andy. ''Cars of the Soviet Union''. Somerset, UK: Haynes Publishing, 2008.
Category:Moskvitch Category:Gasoline engines by model Category:1960s automobile engines