{{Short description|Oil refinery in Moscow, Russia}} {{Infobox oil refinery | name = Moscow Refinery | coordinates = {{coord|55|39|00|N|37|48|36|E|display=title,inline}} | image = Moscow 05-2017 img47 Refinery.jpg | caption = | location_map = Russia Moscow Ring Road#European Russia | founded = 1938 | city = {{flagicon|RUS}} Moscow, Russia | operator = Gazprom | employees = ~2,200 | website = {{URL|mnpz.gazprom-neft.ru}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 11 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }}
The '''Moscow Refinery''' ({{langx|ru|Московский нефтеперерабатывающий завод}}) is an oil refinery plant in the Russian capital of Moscow. It is also known as the Kapotnya Refinery, after the Kapotnya District in which it is located. This refinery has belonged to the Russian state-owned company Gazprom since 2011.
== History == ===Soviet era=== In the 1930s, Soviet industrialization led to the need of more oil refineries to fulfill the rising fuel demand. In 1936, the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry approved the construction of a new refinery near the Moskva River in the Moscow area, which began operation in 1938.<ref name="PartOne">{{Cite web |url=http://msk.mr7.ru/city/article/77-let-v-interesah-77-go-regiona-1072932 |title=77 лет в интересах 77-го региона |publisher=My District |date=March 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807203953/https://msk.mr7.ru/city/article/77-let-v-interesah-77-go-regiona-1072932 |archive-date=August 7, 2016}}</ref>
==== World War II ==== During the Eastern Front of WWII, this refinery was crucial to the Soviet war effort because it provided crucial fuel supplies for the Soviet military. Some of the facilities were also moved to Siberia or Central Asia to prevent capture by Nazi forces.<ref name="Svetlov">{{Cite web |last=Svetlov |first=Yegor |url=http://msk.mr7.ru/city/article/zavod-na-linii-fronta-1073979 |title=Завод на линии фронта |date=May 12, 2015 |publisher=My District |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807195623/https://msk.mr7.ru/city/article/zavod-na-linii-fronta-1073979 |archive-date=August 7, 2016}}</ref><ref name=Starodubov>{{Cite web |last=Starodubov |first=Yuriy |title=Как в Москве спасали топливо для танков |url=http://newsvostok.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/gvo_17_16.pdf |publisher=Eastern District |year=2016 |issue=17 (152) on May 20 |page=11 |archive-date=August 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803074751/http://newsvostok.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/gvo_17_16.pdf}}</ref>
Because of the importance of the Moscow Refinery to the war effort, the Luftwaffe frequently bombed the plant. The Soviets also constructed a decoy refinery about 3km east of the real plant to protect the plant from bombing. Between 1941 and 1945, the refinery processed an estimated 2.8 million tons of oil.<ref name="Svetlov"/><ref name="Starodubov"/>
==== Postwar Development ==== In August 1960, a decree from the Presidium of Soviet Russia incorporated the refinery plant into the administrative boundaries of the city of Moscow.<ref name="PartTwo">{{Cite web |url=http://msk.mr7.ru/city/article/77-let-v-interesah-77-go-regiona-1073113 |title=77 лет в интересах 77-го региона (часть 2) |date=March 31, 2015 |publisher=My District |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305054914/https://msk.mr7.ru/city/article/77-let-v-interesah-77-go-regiona-1073113 |archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref>
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, new units were added into the refinery to expand production range, including for dehydrogenation, producing diesel fuel, polypropylene, and catalytic reforming. After this modernization process, the refinery's capacity rose to about 12 million tons of oil per year.<ref name="PartTwo"/>
=== Russian Era === In 1994, the refinery was organized into a joint-stock company during privatization. The plant was jointly operated by Sibir Energy and the Russian government.<ref name="PartTwo"/>
In March 1998, a fire broke out at the refinery, which destroyed a refining unit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/195342 |title=Пожар в Капотне |publisher=Kommersant |date=March 27, 1998 |archive-date=2024-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129231122/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/195342 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2011, the state-owned Gazprom acquired Sibir Energy and the refinery became entirely state-owned.<ref name=rtr1>{{Cite web |title=Russia's Gazprom Neft becomes sole owner of Sibir Energy |publisher=Reuters |date=February 15, 2011 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/business/energy/russias-gazprom-neft-becomes-sole-owner-of-sibir-energy-idUSLDE71E1CZ/ |access-date=July 17, 2024}}</ref>
On 1 September 2024, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a fire broke out at the refinery, after reports of a massive Ukrainian drone attack.<ref name="peu1">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-ukraine-target-refinery-power-plants-near-moscow-with-drones/ |title=Ukraine drones target refinery, power plants near Moscow, Russia says }}</ref><ref name="rtr2">{{cite news |title=Russia says Ukrainian drones target refinery, power plants near Moscow |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-launches-drones-moscow-other-regions-russian-officials-say-2024-08-31/}}</ref>
== See also == {{Portal|Russia|Energy}} *List of oil refineries *Petroleum industry in Russia
== References == {{Reflist}}
Category:Oil refineries in Russia Category:Oil refineries in the Soviet Union Category:Buildings and structures in Moscow