{{short description|Mountain in Chablais Alps}} {{Infobox mountain | name =Mont Buet | image =Buet fond.jpg | image_caption = | elevation_m = 3096 | elevation_ref = | prominence_m = 602 | prominence_ref = <ref>Swisstopo maps</ref> | parent_peak = Dents du Midi | range = Chablais Alps | location =Haute-Savoie, France | map = France | range_coordinates = | map_caption = France | image_map ={{OSM Location map | coord = {{coord|46.02475|6.8526}} | zoom=11 | float = center | width = 280 | height = 200 | title =Location of Mont Buet | mark1 = RedMountain.svg | mark-size1 =30 | mark-coord1 = {{coord|46.02475|6.8526}} | label1 = Mont Buet | ldy1=-4 | mark-title1 = Mont Buet | mark-description1={{cvt|3096|m}} | label-size1 = 15 | label-color1 = red | mark2 = RM-1.svg | mark-size2 = 15 | mark-coord2 = {{coord|46.0030|6.8687}} | label2 = Pierre à Bérard^refuge | label-size2 = 12 | label-color2 = soft green | label-pos2 = right | mark3 = RM-1.svg | mark-size3 = 15 | mark-coord3 = {{coord|46.0322|6.7983}} | label3 = Grenairon^refuge | label-pos3 = bottom|ldx3=-8 | label-size3 = 12 | label-color3 = soft green | mark14 = Nuvola Swiss flag.svg | mark-size14 = 20 | mark-coord14 = {{coord|46.0604|6.8920}} | label14 = Switzerland | ldx14=30 |ldy14=5 | label-size14 = 12 | label-color14 = black | label-pos14 = top | mark15 = FranceFlag-ico.png | mark-size15 = 20 | mark-coord15 = {{coord|46.06|6.8513}} | label15 = France | ldy15=5 | label-size15 = 12 | label-color15 = black | label-pos15 = top | mark6 = RM-1.svg | mark-size6 = 15 | mark-coord6 = {{coord|46.02119|6.81092}} | label6 = Fonts^refuge | label-size6 = 12 | label-color6 = soft green | mark7 = BlackMountain.svg | mark-size7 =15 | mark-coord7 = {{coord|46.0516|6.8727}} | label7 = Le Cheval^Blanc | label-pos7 =bottom|ldy7=-8 | mark-title7=Le Cheval Blanc | mark-description7 ={{cvt|2831|m}} | label-size7 = 12 | mark8 = BlackMountain.svg | mark-size8 =15 | mark-coord8 = {{coord|45.98756|6.87380}} | label8 = Aiguille du Belvédère | label-pos8 =top|ldy8=0|ldx8=-8 | mark-title8=Aiguille du Belvédère | mark-description8 = {{cvt|2965|m}} | label-size8 = 12 | mark9 = BlackMountain.svg | mark-size9 =15 | mark-coord9 = {{coord|46.04774|6.83723}} | label9 = Grenier de^Commune | label-pos9 =bottom|ldy9=-8 | mark-title9=Grenier de Commune | mark-description9 = {{cvt|2775|m}} | label-size9 = 12 | mark10 = BlackMountain.svg | mark-size10= 15 | mark-coord10 = {{coord|45.98726|6.77940}} | label10 = Tête à l'ane | mark-title10=Tête à l'ane | mark-description10 = {{cvt|2804|m}} | label-size10 = 12 | label-color10 = dark brown | label-pos10 = top|ldy10=0 }} | label_position = left | coordinates = {{coord|46|01|30|N|06|51|09|E|type:mountain_region:FR_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = <!-- frwiki --> | listing = Alpine mountains above 3000 m | type = | first_ascent = 25 September 1770 by Jean-André Deluc | easiest_route = The mountain is easily climbed from the Chamonix valley. There is a chalet en route, which sells refreshments during the summer months. The main obstacles are a boulder field and a short ice field. Carrying an ice axe is recommended here in case of a slip, although I found crampons unnecessary. The top is likely to be snow-covered, even in summer, but one is rewarded by a splendid view of Mt. Blanc just across the valley, and of the Alps of Haute Savoie. }} The '''Mont Buet''' ({{IPA|fr|mɔ̃ bɥɛ}}; 3,096 m) is a mountain of the Chablais Alps in Haute-Savoie, France. Mont Buet has played an important role in the history of science at the end of the eighteenth century when a series of Genevan scientists such as Jean-André Deluc, Horace Bénédict de Saussure or Marc-Auguste Pictet climbed to the summit to carry out scientific observations. Before the first successful ascents on the Mont Blanc in 1786, Mont Buet was "the highest among those accessible in this area" of the Alps.<ref>Michel-Gabriel Paccard quoted in Peter H. Hansen, ''The Summits of Modern Man: Mountaineering after the Enlightenment'' (Harvard University Press, 2013), p. 70. Paccard, who climbed on Mont Buet in 1778, made the first accredited ascent of Mont Blanc, together with Jacques Balmat, on 8 August 1786.</ref> Mont Buet remains a popular destination especially because of the exceptional view on Mont Blanc, and the panoramic view from the summit.
==History==
The first known attempt at ascending on Mont Buet was that of the Jean-André Deluc and his brother in 1765. After a second failed attempt, Deluc and his brother managed to reach the summit on 25 September 1770.<ref>Jean-André Deluc, ''Recherches sur les modifications de l'atmosphère'' (1772), vol. 2, p. 340. https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/zoom/360177</ref> Here, they carried out a series of scientific measurements which was the initial purpose of their expedition.
Using a portable barometer designed by himself, Deluc measured the air pressure on the summit. By comparing this result to a parallel measurement taken by his father in Geneva, and after correcting for temperature, Deluc inferred that Mont Buet was at an altitude of 2674 m above Lake Geneva, and 3040 m above sea level (2% less than the modern value).<ref>Jean-André Deluc, ''Recherches sur les modifications de l'atmosphère'' (1772), vol. 2, p. 225. https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/zoom/360061</ref> Deluc took advantage of the position and visibility of Mont Blanc from the summit of Mont Buet to determine its relative height, from which he derived that Mont Blanc was 4660 m above sea level. This was 400 m higher than the earlier trigonometric measurement of Mont Blanc by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier, and made the Mont Blanc the highest peak in Europe.<ref>Jean-André Deluc, ''Recherches sur les modifications de l'atmosphère'' (1772), vol. 2, pp. 228-230. https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/zoom/360066</ref> Deluc also boiled water to determine how its boiling temperature varied with altitude.
Deluc reached the summit of Mont Buet from the side of Sixt by climbing directly through the cirque of Fonts. Because this route was considered to be too demanding, in 1775 the Genevan artist and travel writer Marc-Théodore Bourrit sought a different path from the southern side of Chamonix and Vallorcine.<ref>Marc-Théodore Bourrit, ''Description des aspects du Mont-Blanc du côté de la Val-d'Aost'' (1776), pp. 119-160. https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/zoom/8977494. The discovery of this route was encumbered by the fact that the locals of Vallorcine knew Mont Buet by a different name, La Mortine.</ref> This path follows along the valley of the Bérard to the refuge of the Pierre à Bérard.
In 1776, the Genevan geologist Horace Bénédict de Saussure followed the path discovered by Bourrit to reach the summit of Mont Buet. Impressed with the view, Saussure instructed Bourrit with drawing a panorama (''vue circulaire'') from the summit of Mont Buet. This is generally considered to be the first 360-degree panorama, a genre of representation which became popular in the late eighteenth century.<ref>Björn Billing, "Circular visions: viewing the world from above in the late eighteenth century", ''Journal of Historical Geography'' 63 (2019)</ref> Saussure embarked on a second expedition in 1778 accompanied by Marc-Auguste Pictet and Jean Trembley who carried out measurements with a barometer and magnetometer.<ref>Horace Bénédict de Saussure, ''Voyages dans les Alpes'' (1779), vol. 1, pp. 473-529. https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/zoom/2267091</ref> Using a sextant Pictet also measured the altitude of Mont Blanc, and found it to be 4727 m.
[[File:Saussure Panorama.jpg|thumb|upright=4|center|The panorama from the summit of Mont Buet drawn by Marc-Théodore Bourrit for Horace Bénédict de Saussure]]
==Climbing Routes==
There are two principle routes to the summit of Mont Buet:
* From Sixt, through the {{interlanguage link|Refuge du Grenairon|fr}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.summitpost.org/buet-mont/151207 | title=Buet (Mont) : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost }}</ref> * From Vallorcine, through the {{interlanguage link|Refuge de la Pierre à Bérard|fr}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.summitpost.org/buet-mont/151207 | title=Buet (Mont) : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost }}</ref>
==Views==
<gallery> File:Mont-Blanc depuis le Buet.jpg|View of Mont Blanc from Mont Buet File:Panorama Mont Buet.jpg|View of the Aiguilles Rouges File:Panorama Mont Buet 1900.jpg|Panorama from Mont Buet, around 1900 </gallery>
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==References== {{reflist}} {{commons category|Mont Buet}}
==External links== *[https://montbuet.net/ Multimedia archive of historical and contemporary expeditions on Mont Buet] *[http://www.summitpost.org/buet-mont/151207 Mont Buet on Summitpost.org]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buet}} Category:Alpine three-thousanders Category:Mountains of Haute-Savoie Category:Mountains of the Alps