Moana, South Australia

{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} {{Infobox Australian place | type = suburb | name = Moana | city = Adelaide | state = sa | image = Moana seen from the south 0876.jpg | caption = A view of Moana from the south | lga = City of Onkaparinga | postcode = 5169 | pop =  | area = | alternative_location_map = Australia SA metro Adelaide | pushpin_map_caption = Location in greater metropolitan Adelaide | coordinates = {{coord|35.198|S|138.473|E|display=inline,title}} | region = Southern Adelaide<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern Adelaide SA Government region|url=http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/24082/Southern_Adelaide_SA_Government_region.pdf|publisher=The Government of South Australia|access-date=17 April 2017}}</ref> | county = Adelaide<ref>{{cite web|title=Search result for "County of Adelaide, CNTY" with the following data sets selected – "Counties" and "Local Government Areas" |url=http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/ |work=Property Location SA Map Viewer |publisher=Government of South Australia |access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> | stategov = | fedgov = | near-nw = ''Gulf St Vincent'' | near-n = Seaford | near-ne = Seaford | near-w = ''Gulf St Vincent'' | near-e = Seaford Rise | near-sw = ''Gulf St Vincent'' | near-s = Maslin Beach | near-se = Maslin Beach | dist1 = | location1= |footnotes=Adjoining suburbs<ref name=suburbmap>{{cite web|title=City of Onkaparinga suburb boundaries map|url=http://www.onkaparingacity.com/public/download.jsp?id=61222&sstat=503543|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924060506/http://www.onkaparingacity.com/public/download.jsp?id=61222&sstat=503543|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|publisher=City of Onkaparinga|access-date=8 October 2014|date=9 January 2014}}</ref> }} '''Moana''' is an outer coastal suburb in the south of Adelaide, South Australia. The suburb is approximately 36.4 km from the Adelaide city centre. It lies within the City of Onkaparinga local government area, and neighbours the suburbs Seaford, Maslin Beach, Seaford Rise and Port Noarlunga<ref name=suburbmap/> It is divided into two by '''Pedler Creek''' and the associated sand dune reserve. The beach is often referred to as '''Moana Beach'''.

'''Ochre Point''' lies between Moana and Maslin Beach.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ochre Point – Beach in Maslin Beach Onkaparinga SA | website=SLS Beachsafe | url=https://beachsafe.org.au/beach/sa/onkaparinga/maslin-beach/ochre-point | access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> '''Ochre Cove''', or '''Red Ochre Cove''', lies just south of the point.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ochre Point | website=Google Maps | url=https://www.google.com.au/maps/dir//Ochre+Point,+Moana+SA+5169/@-35.2195111,138.4686263,249m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m9!4m8!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x6ab1234ff20f3f9f:0xd3778fda422dc1d4!2m2!1d138.46775!2d-35.2194799!3e0 | access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> There is a large deposit of red ochre near the cove, which was used as a source by the traditional owners, the Kaurna people.<ref name=Feoxide>{{cite journal | last1=Popelka-Filcoff | first1=R. S. | last2=Lenehan | first2=C. E. | last3=Lombi | first3=E. | last4=Donner | first4=E. | last5=Howard | first5=D. L. | last6=Jonge | first6=M. D. de | last7=Paterson | first7=D. | last8=Walshe | first8=K. | last9=Pring | first9=A. | title=Microelemental characterisation of Aboriginal Australian natural Fe oxide pigments | journal=Analytical Methods | volume=7 | issue=17 | date=22 February 1999 | doi=10.1039/C5AY01547B | pages=7363–7380 | doi-access=free | hdl=2440/96867 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> The cove was known as '''Potartang''',<ref name=kaurnaculture>{{cite web | title=Tjilbruke Dreaming Tracks| website=Kaurnaculture | date=16 October 2013 | url=https://kaurnaculture.wordpress.com/tjilbruke-dreaming-tracks/ | access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> also spelt '''Putatang''', or '''Mulgali''' (the latter the Ngarrindjeri word for ochre),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/kwp/placenames/research-publ/4-03-02-05_Mulgali.pdf|publisher=University of Adelaide|title=Place Name Summary (PNS) 4.03.02/05: Mulgali|series=Kaurna YarraPintyandi: The Southern Kaurna Place Names Project}}</ref> is a site of significance and part of the Tjilbruke Dreaming Trail.<ref name=kaurnaculture/>

==History== Moana is located on the traditional lands of the Kaurna people. Red Ochre Cove (Tindale's Ochre Cove<ref>{{cite book | last=Tindale | first=Norman B. | title=Aboriginal tribes of Australia: their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names | via=Open Research|publisher=Australian National University | date=1974 | url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/114913|access-date=16 November 2020|page=73}}</ref>) was a source of ochre for use in ceremonies and as body paint.<ref name=kaurnaculture/><ref name=Feoxide/><ref name=heysen>{{cite web | title=Grounded in Truth Walking Together. | website=The Friends of the Heysen Trail | date=29 May 2019 | url=https://heysentrail.asn.au/news/reconciliation-week-2019/ | access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> There is a commemorative plaque marking the site of the third freshwater spring said to be created by the Kaurna ancestor creator Tjilbruke, as part of the Tjilbruke Dreaming Track created in 1986.<ref name=malone>{{cite thesis|title=Phases of Aboriginal Inclusion in the Public Space in Adelaide, South Australia, since Colonisation|first=Gavin Damien Francis|last= Malone|publisher=Flinders University|date=2012|type=PhD|chapter=Chapter 10: Kaurna Ancestor Being Tjilbruke: Commemorations |page=217 |chapter-url=https://theses.flinders.edu.au/view/ae876628-4508-4c12-a442-ad22e8e56fdb/1| access-date=17 November 2020|others=}} [https://flex.flinders.edu.au/file/ae876628-4508-4c12-a442-ad22e8e56fdb/1/Thesis-Malone-2012-11Chapter10.pdf Chapter 10 PDF] </ref>

After British colonisation of South Australia, settlers started farming the area, from about 1841. In the 1850s a local landowner lent his name to the beach and it became known as Dodd's Beach. In 1855, when shipping was the primary means of cargo transport in the area, ''Nashwauk'' was wrecked on the beach near the Pedler Creek outlet.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

Due to an increased interest in tourism in the area, in 1927 the land was subdivided by Lake Beach Estate Ltd who held a competition to name the new town. Mr C.H. Cave won the competition with "Moana", which is a Polynesian languages term meaning "ocean". The land was divided into blocks of land suitable for holiday homes and wide streets were planned and laid out, but due to the Great Depression in 1929 development of the area was slow.

In the 1950s Moana experienced renewed interest from tourism as the residents of Adelaide enjoyed the freedom and mobility of car ownership – Moana was a pleasant 40-minute drive from Adelaide.

One of the landmarks of the area was the Moana Roundhouse,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210457/http://berg.heim.at/anden/420705/index2/moana_beach/pages/moana_roundhouse.htm Moana Roundhouse]</ref> which was demolished in 2006.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

==Beach front== The Gulf St Vincent beach front at Moana is a combination of low cliffs, sand dunes, and hard compacted sand. The beach at Moana is accessible by normal passenger vehicles and is one of the few beaches where cars are allowed to drive onto the beach.

==Geography== thumb|In the Ochre Point reserve area south of town Moana is a seaside suburb. It is divided into two by Pedler Creek and the associated sand dune reserve. The northern part of the Moana is referred to as the "old survey Moana" and the southern housing development as the "new survey".

There is a large deposit of red ochre near Red Ochre Cove,<ref name=Feoxide/> sometimes referred to as Serpent's Tongue.<ref name=heysen/>

The Coast to Vines rail trail passes through Moana. There was a station at Moana on the former Marino-Willunga rail line that it follows.

==Transport== Moana is serviced by the 741, 745, 747, 749 and 750 bus routes which terminate at the Colonnades Shopping Centre and Noarlunga Centre railway station.

==Attractions== thumb|left|Moana beach Moana has a sandy beach with beginner surfing waves, so is popular with families. Moana Surf Life Saving Club patrols the beach in summer and has a beachfront cafe called Duke's, named after the Hawaiian surfer who visited Australia and helped popularize the sport.

Moana is one of the last beaches in Adelaide where a vehicle can be driven onto the beach and parked legally, so becomes a popular tourist destination in good weather. Takeaway food options make it a destination on summer nights. A monthly market is held at the Pioneer's Memorial Hall, which has an anchor from the Nashwauk shipwreck in front.

In 2008 the foreshore area of "old survey" Moana has undergone redevelopment by the local council, with improvements to the road, walkway, and sea wall. A new toilet block and shaded "gazebo", the latter shaped in the form of a seagull, have been added to the foreshore area. On warm nights this foreshore area can become a site where buskers perform for passers by, or people draw chalk mandalas.

A sloping ramp at the north end of the foreshore that originally provided access to the beach was damaged by erosion of the cliffs during storm activity in 2007. Several ramps and a staircase provided beach access along the cliff and esplanade. Access infrastructure to the beach continues to be impacted by storm surges increasing in frequency due to climate change, requiring council maintenance and repair.

The Willunga Basin Trail now extends to Moana Beach along Pedler Creek, catering to walkers and hikers. Threatened species such as the hooded plover nest in the dunes, attracting bird watchers, though chicks' survival is threatened by dog walking and vehicles driving near the dunes.

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category|Moana, South Australia}} *[http://www.onkaparingacity.com/history/viewsuburb.asp?content=moana City of Onkaparinga: Moana] {{City of Onkaparinga suburbs}}

Category:Suburbs of Adelaide Category:Australian places named after U.S. places or U.S. history