{{Short description|Artistic technique that uses more than one medium}} {{For|the comic strip ''Mixed Media''|Jack Ohman}}{{Distinguish|Multimedia}}[[File:Alberto Baumann Eredità del ventesimo secolo 1980 cm 100x100.jpg|thumb|right|Alberto Baumann, "Inheritance of the Twentieth Century" (1980)]]
In [[visual art]], '''mixed media''' describes [[work of art|artwork]] in which more than one [[Art medium|medium]] or material has been employed.<ref name="Vaughan2000">{{cite book|author=William Vaughan|title=Encyclopedia of Artists: Art movements, glossary, and index|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofar05vaug|url-access=registration|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-521572-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/m/mixed-media|title=Mixed media – Art Term|last=Tate|website=Tate}}</ref> Assemblages, collages, and sculpture are three common examples of art using different [[List of art media|media]]. Materials used to create mixed media art include, but are not limited to, [[paint]], [[cloth]], [[paper]], [[wood]] and [[found objects]].{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}
Mixed media art is distinguished from [[Multimedia|multimedia art]] which combines visual art with non-visual elements, such as recorded sound, literature, drama, dance, motion graphics, music, or interactivity.<ref name="Rosenoer2012">{{cite book|author=Jonathan Rosenoer|title=CyberLaw: The Law of the Internet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xtbvBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4612-4064-8|pages=45–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishmuseumofmodernart.com/mixed-media-as-a-quintessential-contemporary-art.htm|title=Mixed Media As A Quintessential Contemporary Art|website=www.irishmuseumofmodernart.com}}</ref>
== History of mixed media == The first modern artwork to be considered mixed media is [[Pablo Picasso]]'s 1912 [[collage]] ''[[Still Life with Chair Caning]]'',{{Citation needed|date=August 2021|reason=There is nothing on the page about Picasso to back up this claim}} which used paper, cloth, paint and rope to create a pseudo-3D effect. The influence of movements like [[Cubism]] and [[Dada]] contributed to the mixed media's growth in popularity throughout the 20th century with artists like [[Henri Matisse]], [[Joseph Cornell]], [[Jean Dubuffet]], and [[Ellsworth Kelly]] adopting it. This led to further innovations like [[Installation art|installations]] in the late 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bertaart.com/the-history-of-mixed-media-art/|title=History of Mixed Media Art and How Mixed-Media Differs From MultiMedia|date=2013-11-03|website=BertaArt Studio|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref> Mixed media continues to be a popular form for artists, with different forms like wet media and markings{{Explain|date=August 2021|reason=What are markings?}} being explored.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thealteredpage.blogspot.com/2017/11/top-ten-trends-in-mixed-media-art-in.html|title=Top Ten Trends in Mixed Media Art in 2017|last=Seth|date=2017-11-12|website=The Altered Page|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref>
== Types of mixed media art == [[File:SOMETIME LAST JANUARY I AWOKE IN THE MORNING WITH MY HAND UP, 2005 mixed media.jpeg|thumb|right|Three-dimensional mixed media art by [[Adam Niklewicz]]]] Mixed media art can be differentiated into distinct types,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.udemy.com/mixed-media-techniques/|title=Mixed Media Techniques: Art for All Ages|last=Liphart|first=Jill|website=Udemy Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> some of which are:
;[[Collage]]: This is an art form which involves combining different materials like ribbons, newspaper clippings, photographs etc. to create a new whole. While it was a sporadic practice in antiquity, it became a fundamental part of modern art in the early 20th century, due to the efforts of [[Georges Braque|Braque]] and Picasso.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sharecom.ca/greenberg/collage.html|title=Greenberg: Collage|website=www.sharecom.ca|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> ;[[Assemblage (art)|Assemblage]]: This is a three-dimensional variant of the collage with elements jutting in or out of a defined substrate, or an entirely 3-D arrangement of objects and/or sculptures.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/a/assemblage|title=Assemblage – Art Term|last=Tate|website=Tate|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> ;[[Found object]] art: These are objects that are found and used by artists and incorporated into artworks because of their perceived artistic value. It was popularized by the conceptual artist [[Marcel Duchamp]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/f/found-object|title=Found object – Art Term|last=Tate|website=Tate|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> ;[[Altered book]]s: Altered books involve physically modifying or repurposing a book as part of an artwork, such as by cutting, pasting, or reshaping its pages. This can involve physically cutting and pasting pages to change the contents of the book or using the materials of the book as contents for an art piece.<ref name=":0" /> ;Wet and dry media: Wet media consists of materials such as paints and inks that use some sort of liquidity in their usage or composition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wet Media - Ink|url=http://expressyourselfthroughart.weebly.com/wet-media---ink.html|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Express yourself through ART}}</ref> Dry materials (such as pencils, charcoal, and crayons) are lacking this inherent liquidity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Background: Tools, Equipment and Materials—Art/Design |url=https://www.learnalberta.ca/content/kes/pdf/or_os_art_te_back_01_design.pdf |website=Learn Alberta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-15|title=Dry media, wet media, digital media-Individual research|url=https://helenatkn.wordpress.com/2016/03/15/dry-media-wet-media-digital-media-individual-research/|access-date=2021-02-23|website=helenatkn|language=en}}</ref> Using wet and dry media in conjunction is considered mixed media for its combination of inherently differing media to create a finalized piece.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Are The Major Types Of Mixed Media?|url=https://www.mojarto.com/blogs/what-are-the-major-types-of-mixed-media|access-date=2021-02-23|website=www.mojarto.com|date=16 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
== Examples of mixed media artwork == ''Still Life with Chair Caning'': Picasso's piece depicts what can be seen as a table with a cut lemon, a knife, a napkin and a newspaper among other discernible objects. It is elliptical (with speculation that the work itself could be depicting a [[porthole]]) and uses a piece of rope to form its edge. Paper and cloth are used for the objects present on the table.<ref>Hopkins, Budd. "Modernism and the collage aesthetic." ''New England Review'' 18.2 (1997): 5.</ref>
''Angel of Anarchy'': [[Eileen Agar]]'s 1937 sculpture is a modified bust of Joseph Bard, which was covered by paper and fur. When this was lost, she made a 1940 variation which shrouded and blinded the figure with feathers, beads and cloth creating an entirely different perspective on the sculpture.<ref>Windsor, Alan. ''British sculptors of the twentieth century''. Routledge, 2017.</ref>
''[[Expansion (sculpture)|Expansion]]'' is a 2004 mixed media sculpture by [[Paige Bradley]] which combines bronze and electricity. The Expansion sculpture is thought to be the first bronze sculpture to be illuminated from within.<ref name="Yoo">{{cite news |last1=Yoo |first1=Alice |title=Stunning Cracked Light Sculpture by Paige Bradley is Now Available |url=https://mymodernmet.com/paige-bradley-expansion-sculpture-now-available/ |access-date=28 April 2022 |publisher=My Modern Met |date=12 February 2015}}</ref>
==See also== *[[Altered book]] *[[Artist trading cards]] *[[Collage]] *[[Décollage]] *[[Intermedia]] *[[List of mixed media artists]] *[[Modular art]] *[[Multimedia]] *[[New media art]] *[[Quilt art]] *[[Visual Focus Depth Art]]
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{Branches of the visual arts}} {{Authority control}}
[[Category:Visual arts media]] [[Category:Contemporary art]] [[Category:Painting]]