{{Short description|British suffragette and arsonist (1893–1975)}} {{Infobox person | name = Miriam Pratt | image = Miriam Pratt.jpg | image_size = | caption = | other_names = | birth_name = | birth_date = 26 January 1893 | birth_place = Windlesham, England | death_date = {{death date and age text|24 June 1975|26 January 1893}} | death_place = Epsom, England | death_cause = | education = | occupation = Teacher and suffragette | employer = | known_for = Arson | spouse = Bernard Francis | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | website = | signature = | footnotes = }}
'''Miriam Pratt''' (26 January 1893 – 24 June 1975) was a British suffragette and arsonist based in Norfolk who is known for setting fire to buildings in Cambridge.
== Early life == Pratt was born in Windlesham, Surrey in 1893. When she was eight she went to live with her childless aunt, Harriet, and her husband William Ward. William Ward was a police officer.<ref name=east>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-15 |title=The Norwich Suffragette whose uncle sent her to prison |url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/20624313.norwich-suffragette-whose-uncle-sent-prison/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Eastern Daily Press |language=en}}</ref>
== Suffragette activity == She joined the suffragettes, other leading suffragettes in Norfolk included Caprina Fahey, Princess Sophia Alexandra Duleep Singh, and Grace Marcon.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/call-for-public-s-help-to-piece-together-life-of-norfolk-suffragette-caprina-fahey-1-5262750|title=Call for public's help to piece together life of Norfolk suffragette Caprina Fahey|last=Briscoe|first=Kim|website=Eastern Daily Press|date=2 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2019-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003221806/https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/call-for-public-s-help-to-piece-together-life-of-norfolk-suffragette-caprina-fahey-1-5262750|archive-date=2019-10-03|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1913 she was working at St Paul's National School in Norwich. On 17 May 1913 Pratt and another unnamed person used paraffin soaked cloths to set alight to two buildings that were unoccupied. For some reason she left her gold watch at the scene of the crime<ref name="npg">{{Cite web |title=Miriam Pratt - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp58988/miriam-pratt |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> and this watch was later identified by her uncle William Ward as a watch he had given her.<ref name=east/> There was also blood where a window had been interfered with and Pratt had a wound. The two buildings burnt were a new house and a laboratory intended for the use of University of Cambridge women students. Pratt made the point that although women were getting a university education, they were not being allowed to be given university degrees because of their gender.<ref name=johnSim/>
She was arrested on 22 May 1913, and she was suspended from her job. She was remanded for a few days before a friend (and later Member of Parliament), Dorothy Jewson, paid the £200 bail. She was at a protest at her local market against the Cat and Mouse Act in Norwich while awaiting trial.<ref name=johnSim/>
When the case went to court in October, she decided to be her own defence counsel. She interrogated her uncle, a police officer, as his evidence to the court had been based on conversations with her that he had made without giving her a police caution. However, she was convicted based on her own confession given in her summing up of the case.<ref name=johnSim/> She was sentenced by Mr. Justice Bray to eighteen months in jail, was sacked from her job and was taken to Holloway Prison.<ref name="npg" /> Pratt went on hunger strike for five days and was force fed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Riddell |first=Fern |title=Death in ten minutes: Kitty Marion: activist, arsonist, suffragette |date=2018 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |isbn=978-1-4736-6618-4 |location=London}}</ref> She was released under the terms of the Cat and Mouse Act as the doctor was concerned about her heart from the force feeding, with the medical recommendation of three months' rest.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Blanchard |first=Gill |title=Struggle and Suffrage in Norwich: Women's Lives and the Fight for Equality |publisher= Pen & Sword |year=2020}}</ref>
After her arrest, Pratt had her photo taken while she was in prison.<ref name=johnSim/> This photo was combined with others to create a page that could be shown to policemen so that they could identify suspicious characters. She was labelled number 18 on a sheet that also included Jennie Baines, Lillian Forrester, Clara Elizabeth Giveen, Miss Johansen, Lilian Lenton, Kitty Marion (Katherina Maria Schafer) and Mary Raleigh Richardson. These sheets were circulated in 1914.<ref name=sheet>{{Cite web |title='Surveillance Photograph of Militant Suffragettes' - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw194642/Surveillance-Photograph-of-Militant-Suffragettes |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>
== Later life == Pratt left the WSPU when the organisation stopped its campaigning for suffrage and its leadership pivoted into support for the First World War. She returned to Norwich and married Bernard Francis on 19 May 1915. He had been a member of the Men's League For Women's Suffrage and joined the Royal Engineers early in WWI, reaching the rank of Lieutenant.<ref name="johnSim" />
In 1936, William Ward (the uncle in the court case), died and left his niece, now called Miriam Francis, a half share of his property. By then she had moved to London and worked as an Assistant Company Secretary.<ref name="johnSim"/>
Pratt died age 82 in 1975 in Horton Hospital in Epsom, Surrey.<ref name="johnSim">{{Cite web |title=Miriam Pratt |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/Miriam_Pratt.htm |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Spartacus Educational |language=en}}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pratt, Miriam}} Category:1893 births Category:1975 deaths Category:People from Windlesham Category:British suffragettes Category:Women's Social and Political Union