Mirani Dam

{{Short description|Dam in Balochistan, Pakistan}} {{Infobox dam | name = Mirani Dam | name_official = {{nastaliq|میرانی ڈیم}} | image = File:Meeran_Dam,turbat.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Mirani Dam | image_alt = | location_map = Balochistan Pakistan#Pakistan | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Location of Mirani Dam in Balochistan, Pakistan | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{Coord|25|56|28|N|62|41|36|E|type:landmark_region:PK|display=inline,title}} | country = Pakistan | location = Kech District, Balochistan | purpose = | status = In use | construction_began = 8 July 2002<ref name="scribd1">{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/7844273/Mirani-Dam |title=Mirani Dam |publisher=Scribd.com |date=2008-11-10 |access-date=2013-11-20}}</ref> | opening = October 2006 | demolished = | cost = | builder = | owner = Government of Pakistan | operator = WAPDA | dam_type = Concrete-faced rock-filled | dam_crosses = Dasht River | dam_height_foundation = | dam_height = {{convert|127|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="yemyin"/> | dam_length = {{convert|3,350|ft|m|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = {{convert|35|ft|m|abbr=on}} | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = Mirani Reservoir | res_capacity_total = ({{convert|302,000|acre.ft|m3|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = ({{convert|150,000|acre.ft|m3|abbr=on}} | res_catchment = 134 Sq.kilometre Power generation capacity=117 MW | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{convert|244|ft|m|abbr=off}} Above Mean Sea Level<ref>{{cite news|title=Mirani Dam project|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/94556|access-date=17 May 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=14 April 2003|language=en}}</ref> | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_capacity_factor = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }}

'''Mirani Dam''' ({{langx|ur|{{nastaliq|میرانی ڈیم}}}}) is on the Dasht River, south of the Central Makran Range in Kech District in Balochistan province of Pakistan. The dam's {{convert|302,000|acre.ft}} reservoir is fed by the Kech and the Nihing rivers, which join at Mirani Dam to form the Dasht River.<ref name="scribd1"/> Mirani Dam was completed in July 2006 and began impounding the Dasht River in August 2006.

==History and construction== The feasibility report of the Mirani dam project was first completed in 1956. However, practical steps towards constructing the dam were not taken until 45 years later in the wake of Gwadar Port development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakissan.com/english/watercrisis/designing.mirani.dam.for.local.needs.shtml |title=PAKISSAN.com; Designing Mirani Dam for local needs |publisher=Pakissan.com |access-date=2013-11-20}}</ref> Mirani Dam was commissioned by Pakistan's Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) in 2001 to provide water for Gwadar city. The ceremonial ground breaking was performed by then President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf, in August 2001. The project was done on EPC basis by Descon Engineering Limited.

Commencement of work began in June 2002 and the project was completed in June 2007.<ref name="wapda2">{{cite web|title=Mirani Dam Project|url=http://wapda.gov.pk/pdf/MiraniDam.pdf|publisher=WAPDA, Govt. of Pakistan|access-date=24 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511125436/http://www.wapda.gov.pk/pdf/MiraniDam.pdf|archive-date=11 May 2012}}</ref> Impounding of reservoir started in July 2006 and was inaugurated by then President of Pakistan Gen. Pervez Musharraf on 16 November 2006.<ref name=wapda1 />

Construction of t-hours and, at its peak, 1,550 people were employed for its construction, mostly from Kech and Gwadar districts. {{Convert|19038|acre|}} of land was acquired for the project.<ref name="wapda1" />

During Cyclone Yemyin in June 2007, backflowing water from Mirani Dam in the Nihing and Kech rivers resulted in a large-scale disaster, affected several thousand households in the upstream areas of Nasirabad, Kallatuk, and Nodiz.<ref name="yemyin">{{cite news|last1=Memon|first1=Naseer|title=Disaster unleashed by Mirani Dam|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/262007/disaster-unleashed-by-mirani-dam|access-date=17 May 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=20 August 2007|language=en}}</ref>

==Geography and hydrology== Mirani Dam is located on Dasht River, approximately {{convert|30|mi|km}} west of Turbat and {{convert|380|mi|km}} south west of Quetta, in Makran Division of Balochistan. The Central Makran Range are located to the north of the dam site. The dam is located {{Convert|7|km|mi|abbr=off}}<ref name="yemyin"/> downstream of the confluence of the two tributaries of Dasht; Kech River and Nihing River at Kaur-e-Awaran.<ref>{{cite book|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series|date=1908|publisher=Superintendent of Government Print.|location=Great Britain|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120383/page/n110 100]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120383|quote=kaur.|access-date=17 May 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="wapda1">{{cite web|title=Mirani Dam Project Brief|url=http://www.wapda.gov.pk/vision2025/pdf/MiraniDamPrj161107.pdf|work=Vision 2025|publisher=WAPDA, Govt. of Pakistan|access-date=24 July 2012|author=General Manager (Projects) South, WAPDA House|page=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224231532/http://wapda.gov.pk/vision2025/pdf/MiraniDamPrj161107.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2010}}</ref> Both Kech and Nihing are seasonal streams which flow during summer from rainfall.

==Structure and purpose==

Kech Valley consists of cultivable soil upon which agriculture activity could be carried out if a constant water supply is ensured. The primary purpose of Mirani Dam was to store water from the three rivers during the summer season and during floods so that water could be available for irrigation purposes throughout the year in order to bring {{Convert|33200|acre|}} of hitherto uncultivated land in Kech Valley under cultivation. The secondary purpose of Mirani Dam is to ensure a constant supply of clean drinking water to the towns of Turbat and Gwadar throughout the year.

'''Reservoir:''' * Gross Storage: {{convert|302,000|acre.ft|m3|abbr=on}}. * Live Storage: {{convert|52,000|acre.ft|m3|abbr=on}}. * Average Annual Releases: {{convert|114,000|acre.ft|m3|abbr=on}}.

'''Dam:''' * Type: Concrete-faced rock-filled * Height: {{Convert|127|ft||abbr=on}} * Length at Crest: {{Convert|3350|ft||abbr=on}} * Top Width: {{Convert|35|ft||abbr=on}}

'''Spillway:''' * Type: Overflow * Clear Waterway: {{Convert|344|ft||abbr=on}} * Designed Capacity: {{convert|205,800|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} * Maximum Capacity: {{convert|384,300|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}

'''Outlet:''' * Tunnel Diameter: {{Convert|8|ft||abbr=on}} * Capacity: {{convert|377|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}

'''Irrigation System Command Area & Capacity:''' * Irrigation System: Gravity, Lined Channels * Right Bank Canal: {{convert|20800|acre|km2}} & {{convert|36|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} * Left Bank Canal: {{convert|12400|acre|km2}} & {{convert|141|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} * Total: {{convert|33200|acre|km2}} & {{convert|377|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} <ref name="scribd1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.descon.com.pk/sectors/Infrastructure/miraniDamProject.aspx|title=Mirani Dam Project|publisher=Descon Engineering Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407075033/http://www.descon.com.pk/sectors/Infrastructure/miraniDamProject.aspx|archive-date=2010-04-07|url-status=dead|access-date=2013-11-20}}</ref>

==Issues== While the dam is supposed to irrigate up to {{convert|33200|acre|km2}} of land according to official plans, only a fraction of this land is irrigated and developed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mirani dam becomes a liability Kech area victims still awaiting compensation|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/370885-mirani-dam-becomes-a-liability-kech-area-victimsstill-awaiting-compensation|access-date=17 May 2017|work=www.thenews.com.pk|date=30 June 2012|location=Lahore|language=en}}</ref> The local communities have staged protests, hunger-strikes, and people's tribunal to demand compensation in lieu of damages from the government authorities.<ref name="dawn.com">{{cite news|author1=The Newspaper's Staff Reporter|title=Mirani Dam disaster: Turbat residents on hunger strike|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/787135/mirani-dam-disaster-turbat-residents-on-hunger-strike|access-date=17 May 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=19 February 2013|location=Lahore|language=en}}</ref>

==Mirani Dam Flooding== On the night between June 26 & 27, 2007 the backflow water from Mirani dam inundated upstream areas of Nasirabad, Nodez, and Kallatuk destroying several thousand houses, date trees, and indigenous underground irrigation channels. The damage was so extensive that the current Chief Minister of Baluchistan province, Dr. Abdul Malik Baloch who was a Senator at the time, termed the Dam as a "mega-disaster" and calling into question all the government assessments and forecasts about its utility.<ref name="dawn.com"/> Local activists have been since then demanding the relevant authorities including WAPDA, the Planning Commission of Pakistan, and the Provincial government to pay compensation for their losses. Their specific demands include compensation of damages to houses and date trees for up to 271.2 Average Mean Sea Level (AMSL),.<ref name="dawn.com"/> While the government has acknowledged the claim by local communities 8 years after the disaster, the compensation is yet to be paid.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khan|first1=Mubarak Zeb|title=Compensation package for people affected by Mirani dam approved|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1173826/compensation-package-for-people-affected-by-mirani-dam-approved|access-date=17 May 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=4 April 2015|location=Islamabad|language=en}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101224231532/http://wapda.gov.pk/vision2025/pdf/MiraniDamPrj161107.pdf Mirani Dam Project Brief] * [http://www.unitar.org/unosat/node/44/943 UNOSAT reservoir map]

Category:Dams in Balochistan, Pakistan Category:Kech District Category:Concrete-face rock-fill dams Category:Dams completed in 2006

Mirani Dam

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