{{New Testament manuscript infobox | form = Minuscule | number = '''652''' | image = Minuscule 652 Mark 1.1-6.jpg | isize = | caption= | name = | sign = | text = Gospels | script = Greek | date = 10th century | found = | now at = Bavarian State Library | cite = | size = {{×|22.4|16.7}} | type = Byzantine text-type | cat = none | hand = | note = }}
'''Minuscule 652''' is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on parchment. It is designated by '''652''' in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε1095 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts.<ref>{{cite book | last=Gregory | first=Caspar René | author-link=Caspar René Gregory | title=Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament | page=71 | year=1908 | publisher=J. C. Hinrichs | location=Leipzig | url=https://archive.org/stream/diegriechischen00greggoog#page/n81/mode/2up }}</ref> Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 10th century. The manuscript has complex contents,<ref name="Aland">{{Cite book | author1=Kurt Aland | author2=M. Welte | author3=B. Köster | author4=K. Junack | title=Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments | page=85 | year=1994 | publisher=Walter de Gruyter | location=Berlin, New York}}</ref> with "an interesting textual character".{{r|mitchell|p=48}} Biblical scholar Frederick H. A. Scrivener labelled it as 875.<ref name="Scrivener">{{Cite book | last=Scrivener | first=Frederick Henry Ambrose | author-link=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener | author2=Edward Miller | title=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | volume=1 | edition=4 | page=275 | year=1894 | publisher=George Bell & Sons | location=London}}</ref>
== Description ==
The manuscript is a codex (the precursor to the modern book), containing the complete text of the four Gospels written on 305 parchment leaves (sized {{×|22.4|16.7}}). It is written in one column per page, 20 lines per page.{{r|Aland}} The colour portraits of the four evangelists are inlaid with gold, and the headpieces containing the Gospel titles have been described as "elaborately decorated" containing "an intricately decorated gold initial".{{r|mitchell|p=49}} Chapter titles are written in red ink.{{r|mitchell|p=49}}
It contains the Epistle to Carpian (a letter by the early church Father Eusebius of Caesarea outlining his Gospel content system), the Eusebian tables, the chapter tables (known as {{lang|grc|κεφάλαια}} / ''kephalaia''), numerals of the {{lang|grc|κεφάλαια}} in the margin, the titles (known as {{lang|grc|τίτλοι}} / ''titloi''), the Ammonian Sections and the Eusebian Canons (both early systems of dividing the Gospels into sections), lectionary markings (''incipits''), the Synaxarion (list of Saint's days), a Menologion (list of weekly readings from the Gospels), subscriptions, and Icons of the Evangelists before each of their respective Gospels.<ref name="Gregory">{{Cite book | first=Caspar René | last=Gregory | author-link=Caspar René Gregory | title=Textkritik des Neuen Testaments | trans-title=The Textual Criticism of the New Testament | volume=1 | page=209 | year=1900 | publisher=J. C. Hinrichs | location=Leipzig | url=https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n221/mode/2up}}</ref>
== Text ==
The Greek text of the codex is considered to be a representative of the Byzantine text-type. The text-types are groups of different New Testament manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups. These are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine.<ref>{{Cite book | last1=Metzger | first1=Bruce Manning | last2=Ehrman | first2=Bart D. | author-link1=Bruce M. Metzger | author-link2=Bart D. Ehrman | title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | edition=4th | pages=205–230 | year=2005 | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=Oxford | isbn=0-19-516667-1 }}</ref> Its relationship with other manuscripts is not commented on by textual critic Kurt Aland, who did not place it in any Category of his New Testament manuscripts classification system.<ref>{{Cite book | last1=Aland | first1=Kurt | author-link=Kurt Aland | last2=Aland | first2=Barbara | author-link2=Barbara Aland | others=Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) | title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | pages=133, 139 | year=1995 | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | location=Grand Rapids | isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1 | url=https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt | url-access=limited}}</ref> According to the Claremont Profile Method (a specific analysis of textual data), it represents textual family Π{{sup|a}} in Luke 1, and K{{sup|x}} in Luke 10 and Luke 20.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Wisse | first=Frederik | title=The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke | page=64 | year=1982 | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | location=Grand Rapids | isbn=0-8028-1918-4 | url=https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/64 | url-access=registration }}</ref>
Biblical scholar Silva Lake discovered it represents the text of Family 1 in Mark 4:20-6:24, and in the rest of Mark it coincides with the text of Family Π,<ref>{{Cite book | first=Silva | last=Lake | author-link=Silva Lake | title=Family Π and the Codex Alexandrinus: The Text According to Mark | pages=33–36 | year=1936 | publisher=Waverly Press | location=London | url=https://archive.org/details/MN41429ucmf_4/page/n53/mode/2up}}</ref> hence the manuscript has a sort of "block mixture" between the two groups.<ref name="mitchell">{{Cite thesis | first=Timothy Nathaniel | last=Mitchell | title=Family Π in the Gospel of Mark | page=23 | degree=PhD | publisher=University of Birmingham | url=http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/13692}}</ref>
A later hand has added the following to John 8:8 in the margin: :{{lang|grc|ενος εκαστου αυτων τας αμαρτιας}} :(''sins of every one of them'').{{r|Gregory}} This textual variant is also found in Codex Nanianus (U), and the minuscules Minuscule 73, 95, 331, 364, 700, 782, 1592, and some Armenian manuscripts. Minuscule 264 includes this textual variant in John 8:6.<ref name="na26">{{Cite book | title=Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece | editor-first1=Kurt | editor-last1=Aland | editor1-link=Kurt Aland | editor-first2=Matthew | editor-last2=Black | editor2-link=Matthew Black | editor-first3=Carlo Maria | editor-last3=Martini | editor3-link=Carlo Maria Martini | editor-first4=Bruce M. | editor-last4=Metzger | editor4-link=Bruce Metzger | editor-first5=Allen | editor-last5=Wikgren | editor5-link=Allen Wikgren | edition=26 | pages=273–274 | year=1981 | publisher=Deutsche Bibelstiftung | location=Stuttgart | isbn=3-438-051001 }} (NA26)</ref>
== History ==
The earliest history of the manuscript is unknown. It once belonged to Otto of Greece (King of Greece 1832-1862) and was brought to Germany in 1879.{{r|Gregory}}
iblical scholar Caspar René Gregory saw the manuscript in 1887, and dated it to the 10th or 11th century.{{r|Gregory}} The manuscript is now dated by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF) to the 10th century.<ref name="INTF">{{Cite web | title=Min. 652: List Handschriften | publisher=INTF | location=Munster | url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php | access-date=23 Feb 2025}}</ref> The manuscript is currently housed at the Bavarian State Library (shelf number Gr. 594), in Munich.{{r|Aland|INTF}}
== See also == {{Portal|Bible}}
* Family Π * List of New Testament minuscules * Biblical manuscript * Textual criticism
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00058840/images/ Online colour scans of Minuscule 652] at the Munich DigitiZation Center for the Bavarian State Library.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0652}} Category:Greek New Testament minuscules Category:10th-century biblical manuscripts Category:Otto of Greece