{{New Testament manuscript infobox | form = Minuscule | number = '''425''' | image = | isize = | caption= | name = | sign = | text = Acts, CE, Pauline epistles | script = Greek | date = '''1330''' | found = | now at = Austrian National Library | cite = | size = {{×|22.4|17.4|cm}} | type = Byzantine text-type | cat = V | hand = elegantly written | note = }}

'''Minuscule 425''' (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 457 (in the Soden numbering),<ref name = Gregory1908>{{cite book|last=Gregory|first=Caspar René|author-link=Caspar René Gregory|title=Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament|url=https://archive.org/stream/diegriechischen00greggoog#page/n73/mode/2up|year=1908|publisher=J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung|location=Leipzig|page=63}}</ref> is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1330.<ref name = Aland>{{Cite book | last = Aland | first = K. | author-link = Kurt Aland |author2=M. Welte |author3=B. Köster |author4=K. Junack | title = Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments | publisher = Walter de Gruyter | year = 1994 | location = Berlin, New York | page = 72 | isbn = 3-11-011986-2 }}</ref> Formerly it was designated by 67<sup>a</sup>.<ref name = Gregory/>

== Description ==

The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 159 parchment leaves ({{×|22.4|17.4|cm}}).<ref name = Aland/> The Epistle to the Hebrews is placed after Epistle to Philemon.<ref name = Gregory/> The text is written in one column per page, in 29-31 lines per page.<ref name = Aland/>

It contains Prolegomena, tables of the {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}} (''tables of contents'') before each sacred book, subscriptions at the end of each book, Synaxarion, Menologion, and numbers of {{lang|grc|στιχοι}} at the end of each book.<ref name = Gregory>{{Cite book | last = Gregory | first = Caspar René | author-link = Caspar René Gregory | title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments | publisher = Hinrichs | year = 1900 | location = Leipzig | volume = 1 | page = 270 | url = https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n283/mode/2up }}</ref> It is elegantly but inaccurately written.<ref name = Scrivener/>

== Text ==

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Aland | first1 = Kurt | author-link = Kurt Aland | last2 = Aland | first2 = Barbara | author-link2 = Barbara Aland | others = Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) | title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | year = 1995 | location = Grand Rapids | page = [https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt/page/n161 139] | url = https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt | url-access = limited | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>

== History ==

The manuscript was written by one Leo at Constantinople.<ref name = Scrivener/> It was brought from Constantinople to Vienna by Augier Busbecq together with the codex 421 and many other manuscripts. It was examined by Treschow,<ref>H. G. Treschow, [https://books.google.com/books?id=dR0UAAAAQAAJ ''Testament Descriptionis codicum veterum aliquot Graecorum Novi Foederis manuscriptorum''] (Copenhagen, 1773)</ref> Alter, and Birch.<ref name = Scrivener>{{Cite book | last = Scrivener | first = Frederick Henry Ambrose | author-link = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener |author2=Edward Miller | title = A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | publisher = George Bell & Sons | orig-year = 1894| year = 2005 | location = London | edition = 4 | volume = 1 | page = 290 }}</ref> Alter used it in his edition of the Greek New Testament (vol. 2, pp.&nbsp;689–740). C. R. Gregory saw it in 1881.<ref name = Gregory/>

The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794-1852).<ref>{{Cite book | last = Scrivener | first = Frederick Henry Ambrose | author-link = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener | title = A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | publisher = George Bell & Sons | year = 1894 | location = London | volume = 1 | page = 322 }}</ref>

The manuscript is currently housed at the Austrian National Library (Theol. gr. 221) in Vienna.<ref name = Aland/>

== See also == {{Portal|Bible}}

* List of New Testament minuscules * Biblical manuscript * Textual criticism

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{Cite book | last = Gregory | first = Caspar René | author-link = Caspar René Gregory | title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments | publisher = Hinrichs | year = 1900 | location = Leipzig | volume = 1 | page = 270 | url = https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n283/mode/2up }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0425}} Category:Greek New Testament minuscules Category:11th-century biblical manuscripts