Minuscule 36

{{New Testament manuscript infobox | form = Minuscule | number = '''36''' | image = | isize = | caption= | name = | sign = | text = Gospels | script = Greek | date = 12th century | found = | now at = National Library of France | cite = | size = {{×|29.3|21.3}} | type = Byzantine text-type | cat = V | hand = | note = marginalia }}

'''Minuscule 36''' is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on vellum. It is designated by the siglum '''36''' in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and A{{sup|20}} in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts.<ref>{{cite book | first=Caspar René | last=Gregory | author-link=Caspar René Gregory | title=Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament | trans-title=The Greek Manuscripts of the New Testament | page=49 | year=1908 | publisher=J. C. Hinrichs | location=Leipzig | lang=de | url=https://archive.org/stream/diegriechischen00greggoog#page/n59/mode/2up}}</ref> Using the study of comparative handwriting styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has complex contents and full marginal notes.

== Description == The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book format), containing the complete text of the four Gospels on 509 parchment leaves (sized {{×|29.3|21.3}}). The text is written in 1 column per page, 19 lines per page.<ref name="Aland">{{Cite book | first1=Kurt | last1=Aland | author-link1=Kurt Aland | author2=M. Welte | author3=B. Köster | author4=K. Junack | title=Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments | trans-title=A Concise List of the Greek Manuscripts of the New Testament | page=48 | year=1994 | publisher=Walter de Gruyter | location=Berlin; New York | lang=de}}</ref><ref name="INTF">{{Cite web | title=Liste Handschriften: Minuscule 36 | publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research | location=Münster | url=http://ntvmr.uni-muenster.de/en_GB/liste/?ObjID=30036 | access-date=2014-09-09}}</ref>

The text is divided according to the chapters (known as {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}} / ''kephalaia''), whose numbers are given in the margin, and their titles (known as {{lang|grc|τιτλοι}} / ''titloi'') written at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons (both early divisions of the Gospels into sections).{{r|Gregory}}

It contains the Epistle to Carpianus, the Eusebian Canon tables, the tables of contents (also known as {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}}) before each Gospel, prolegomena (introductions), pictures, and commentaries (in Mark the commentary is that of Victorinus of Pettau).<ref name="Scrivener">{{Cite book | first=Frederick Henry Ambrose | last=Scrivener | author-link=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener | author2=Edward Miller | title=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | volume=1 | edition=4 | page=196 | year=1894 | publisher=George Bell & Sons | location=Cambridge, London}}</ref> It has a marginal note which questions the authenticity of the Longer ending of Mark.{{r|Gregory}}

== Text ==

The Greek text of the codex is considered to be a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Biblical scholar Kurt Aland placed it in Category V of his New Testament manuscript classification system.<ref>{{Cite book | first1=Kurt | last1=Aland | author-link1=Kurt Aland | first2=Barbara | last2=Aland | author-link2=Barbara Aland | translator=Erroll F. Rhodes | title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | page=138 | year=1995 | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | location=Grand Rapids | isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref> It was not examined by the Claremont Profile Method (a specific analysis of textual data).<ref>{{Cite book | first=Frederik | last=Wisse | title=The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke | page=53 | year=1982 | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | location=Grand Rapids, Michegan | isbn=0-8028-1918-4 | url=https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/53 | url-access=registration}}</ref>

In Luke 16:19 the manuscript has a note in the margin of uncertain date: {{lang|grc|ευρον δε τινες και του πλουσιου εν τισιν αντιγραφοις τουνομα Νινευης λεγομενον}} (''It has been found in certain other manuscript copies that the name of this specific rich man is Nineves''). The same note is seen in manuscript Minuscule 37.<ref>{{Cite book | first=Bruce Manning | last=Metzger | author-link=Bruce M. Metzger | title=The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations | page=136 | year=1977 | publisher=Clarendon Press | location=Oxford}}</ref> We have only one Greek manuscript with the textual variant ονοματι Ν[ιν]ευης (''named N[in]eves'') in Luke 16:19 - {{papyrus link|75}} (Papyrus 75). This reading is also seen in the Sahidic version.<ref>{{Cite book | first=Philip Wesley | last=Comfort | author-link=Philip Comfort | title=The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | edition=2nd | page=551 | year=2001}}</ref>

== History == The earliest history of the manuscript is unknown. The manuscript was held in the Great Lavra Monastery in Mount Athos (St. Athanasius).{{r|Scrivener}} It was brought from Athos to France.<ref name="Gregory">{{Cite book | first=Caspar René | last=Gregory | author-link=Caspar René Gregory | title=Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes | trans-title=Textual Criticism of the New Testament | volume=1 | page=137 | year=1900 | publisher=J.C. Hinrichs | location=Leipzig | lang=de | url=https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n149/mode/2up}}</ref>

Biblical scholar Bernard de Montfaucon was the first who examined and described the manuscript. It was later examined and described by textual critics Johann J. Wettstein, Johann M. Scholz, and Paulin Martin.<ref>Jean-Pierre-Paul Martin, ''Description technique des manuscrits grecs, relatif au Nouveau Testament, conservé dans les bibliothèques des Paris'' (Paris 1883), p. 46-47</ref> It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Wettstein. Biblical scholar Caspar René Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.{{r|Gregory}}

The manuscript was dated by Scholz to the 11th, Gregory to the 10th century.{{r|Gregory}} It has currently been assigned by the INTF to the 12th century.{{r|Aland|INTF}} It is currently housed in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (shelf number Coislin Gr. 20) in Paris.{{r|Aland|INTF}}

== Notes ==

== References ==

== Further reading ==

* T. K. Abbott, "Hermaneia" 10 (London, 1882), pp. 151–153.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0036}} Category:Greek New Testament minuscules Category:12th-century biblical manuscripts Category:Fonds Coislin