Minuscule 34

{{New Testament manuscript infobox | form = Minuscule | number = '''34''' | image = | isize = | caption= | name = | sign = | text = Gospels | script = Greek | date = 10th century | found = ca. 1650 | now at = National Library of France | cite = | size = {{×|28.8|19.2}} | type = Byzantine text-type | cat = V | hand = splendidly written | note = marginalia }}

'''Minuscule 34''' is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on vellum. It is designated by the siglum '''34''' in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and A{{sup|19}} in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts.<ref>{{Cite book | first=Caspar René | last=Gregory | author-link=Caspar René Gregory |title=Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament | trans-title=The Greek Manuscripts of the New Testament | page=49 | year=1908 | publisher=J.C. Hinrichs | location=Leipzig | lang=de | url=https://archive.org/stream/diegriechischen00greggoog#page/n59/mode/2up}}</ref> Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 10th century.<ref name="Aland">{{Cite book | author1=Kurt Aland | author2=M. Welte | author3=B. Köster | author4=K. Junack | title=Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments | trans-title=A Concise List of the Greek Manuscripts of the New Testament | page=48 | year=1994 | publisher=Walter de Gruyter | location=Berlin, New York | lang=de}}</ref><ref name="INTF">{{Cite web | title=Liste Handschriften: Minuscule 34 | publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research |location=Münster | url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=30034 | access-date= 2014-09-09}}</ref>

== Description ==

The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book format), containing the complete text of the four Gospels.{{r|Gregory|Scrivener}} The text is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page, on 469 parchment leaves (sized {{×|28.8|19.2}}).{{r|Gregory|INTF}} According to 19th century Anglican divine Dean Burgon it is "splendidly written and in splendid condition".{{r|Scrivener}} The headpieces and the initial letters are ornamented with colours.{{r|Gregory}} Leaves 1-3 were supplied by a later hand, with a ''Homilien'' (homily) of Psellus.<ref name="Gregory">{{Cite book | first=Caspar René | last=Gregory | author-link=Caspar René Gregory | title=Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes | trans-title=Textual Criticism of the New TestamentLeipzig | volume=1 | pages=136–137 | year=1900 | publisher=J.C. Hinrichs | location=Berlin | url=https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n149/mode/2up }}</ref>

The text is surrounded by a a biblical commentary (known as a ''catena''), with the commentary in Mark being that of Victorinus of Pettau.{{r|Gregory|Scrivener}} However the text of Mark 16:8-20 does not have any commentary.{{r|Gregory}} The commentary text is similar to that seen in Minuscule 194.<ref name="Scrivener">{{Cite book | first=Frederick Henry Ambrose | last=Scrivener | author-link=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener | author2=Edward Miller | title=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | volume=1 | edition=4 | page=195 | year=1894 | publisher=George Bell & Sons | location=London}}</ref>

The text is divided according to their chapters (known as {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}} / ''kephalaia''), whose numbers are given in the margin, and their titles (known as {{lang|grc|τιτλοι}} / ''titloi'') written at the top of the pages.{{r|Gregory|Scrivener}} There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 241 Sections, the last section in 16:20), but there are no references to the Eusebian Canons (both early divisions of the Gospels into various sections).{{r|Gregory|Scrivener}}

It contains the Epistle to Carpius, the Eusebian Canon tables, prolegomena (introductions), pictures, and has subscriptions at the end of each Gospel containing the number of lines (known as {{lang|grc|στιχοι}} / ''stichoi''), and portraits of the four Evangelists.{{r|Scrivener|Gregory}}

== Text ==

The Greek text of the codex is considered to be a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Biblical scholar Kurt Aland placed it in Category V of his New Testament manuscript classification system.<ref name="TENT">{{Cite book | first1=Kurt | last1=Aland | author-link1=Kurt Aland | first2=Barbara | last2=Aland | author-link2=Barbara Aland | translator=Erroll F. Rhodes | title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | page=138 | year=1995 | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | location=Grand Rapids | isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1 | url=https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt | url-access=limited}}</ref> It was not examined by the Claremont Profile Method.<ref name="Wisse">{{Cite book | first=Frederik | last=Wisse | title=The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke | page=53 | year=1982 | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | location=Grand Rapids | isbn=0-8028-1918-4 | url=https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/53 | url-access=registration}}</ref>

It lacks Matthew 16:2b–3. The text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is marked in asterisks to note it as doubtful. It has note at the margin: "mais c'est une erreur. None avone verifie le passage avec soin et cette note n'y existe nulle part".{{r|Gregory}} It contains the text of Luke 22:43-44 without obelus or asterisk, but it has questionable scholion in the margin.<ref>Westcott & Hort, ''Introduction to the New Testament in the Original Greek'', ''Appendix'' (Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene 2003), p. 65</ref>

== History ==

The earliest history of the manuscript is unknown, however it was likely written on Mount Athos,{{r|Scrivener}} and belonged to the Stavronikita monastery.{{r|Gregory}} It was brought by Pierre Seguier to France and became part of the Fonds Coislin.{{r|Gregory}}

The manuscript was examined and described by scholar Bernard de Montfaucon, textual critics Johann J. Wettstein, Johann M. A. Scholz, Constantin von Tischendorf, Paulin Martin,<ref>Jean-Pierre-Paul Martin, ''Description technique des manuscrits grecs, relatif au Nouveau Testament, conservé dans les bibliothèques des Paris'' (Paris 1883), p. 43-45</ref> and clergyman Dean Burgon.{{r|Gregory}}

It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by J. J. Wettstein, who gave it the number 34.{{r|TENT|p=72}} Biblical scholar Caspar René Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.{{r|Gregory}}

The manuscript was dated by Scholz and Martin to the 10th century.{{r|Gregory}} It is currently dated by the INTF to the 10th century.{{r|Aland}} It is presently housed in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (shelf number Coislin Gr. 195) at Paris.{{r|Aland}}

== References ==

== Further reading ==

* Bernard de Montfaucon, ''Bibliotheca Coisliniana, olim Segueriana'', Paris: Ludovicus Guerin & Carolus Robustel, 1715, p. 247.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0034}} Category:Greek New Testament minuscules Category:10th-century biblical manuscripts Category:Fonds Coislin