{{New Testament manuscript infobox | form = Minuscule | number = '''232''' | image = | isize = | caption= | name = Codex Escurialensis | sign = | text = Gospels | script = Greek | date = '''1302''' | found = | now at = Escurial | cite = | size = {{×|22|17.5}} | type = Byzantine text-type | cat = V | hand = elegantly written | note = }}

'''Minuscule 232''' (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 455 (Soden),<ref name = Gregory1908>{{cite book|last=Gregory|first=Caspar René|author-link=Caspar René Gregory|title=Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament|url=https://archive.org/stream/diegriechischen00greggoog#page/n67/mode/2up|year=1908|publisher=J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung|location=Leipzig|page=56}}</ref> is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1302.<ref name = Aland>K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 61.</ref> Scrivener deciphered the date as the year 1292.<ref name = Scrivener/>

== Description ==

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 289 parchment leaves (size {{×|22|17.5}}).<ref name = Aland/> The leaves are arranged in quarto (four leaves in quire).<ref name = Miller>Emmanuel Miller, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_iiIDAAAAYAAJ ''Catalogue des manuscrits grecs de la bibliothèque de l'Escurial''] (Paris 1848), p. 281.</ref> The text is written in one column per page, 20-22 lines per page.<ref name = Aland/>

It contains the {{lang|grc|τιτλοι}} (''titles of chapters'') at the top and double Synaxarion.<ref name = Gregory>{{Cite book | last = Gregory | first = Caspar René | author-link = Caspar René Gregory | title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments | publisher = J.C. Hinrichs | year = 1900 | location = Leipzig | volume = 1 | page = 170 | url = https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n183/mode/2up }}</ref> There are {{lang|grc|τιτλοι}} in the margins of Matthew and Luke. It is elegantly written, but the scribe used a poor source.<ref name = Scrivener>{{Cite book | last = Scrivener | first = Frederick Henry Ambrose | author-link = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener |author2=Edward Miller | title = A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | publisher = George Bell & Sons | year = 1894 | location = London | edition = 4 | volume = 1 | page = 222 }}</ref>

== Text ==

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Aland | first = Kurt | author-link = Kurt Aland | last2 = Aland | first2 = Barbara | author-link2 = Barbara Aland | others = Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) | title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | year = 1995 | location = Grand Rapids | page = 138 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>

According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family K<sup>x</sup> in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.<ref name = Wisse>{{Cite book | last = Wisse | first = Frederik | title = The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke | publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | year = 1982 | location = Grand Rapids | page = [https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/57 57] | url = https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/57 | isbn = 0-8028-1918-4 | url-access = registration }}</ref>

== History ==

There is an inscription from 1514 made by one of its owners, Zacharias.<ref name = Miller/>

It was described by Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer, who collated it about 1783 for Andreas Birch.<ref name = Gregory/> It was also collated by Matthaei. It was briefly described by Emmanuel Miller. Miller deciphered the date of the colophon as 1292.<ref name = Miller/>

It is currently housed at the Escurial (Cod. Escurialensis, y. III. 7).<ref name = Aland/>

== See also ==

* List of New Testament minuscules * Biblical manuscript * Textual criticism

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* Emmanuel Miller, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_iiIDAAAAYAAJ ''Catalogue des manuscrits grecs de la bibliothèque de l'Escurial''] (Paris 1848), p.&nbsp;281. * {{Cite book | last = Gregory | first = Caspar René | author-link = Caspar René Gregory | title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments | publisher = J.C. Hinrichs | year = 1900 | location = Leipzig | volume = 1 | page = 170 | url = https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n183/mode/2up }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0232}} Category:Greek New Testament minuscules Category:12th-century biblical manuscripts