Milan Metro Line 1

{{Short description|Subway line serving Milan, Italy}} {{Infobox rail line | box_width = | name = M1 | color = {{rail color|Milan Metro|M1}} | logo = Milano linea M1.svg | logo_width = 80 | logo_alt = | image = Cordusio metropolitana.jpg | image_width = | image_alt = | caption = [[Cordusio (Milan Metro)|Cordusio]] station | type = [[Rapid transit]] | system = [[Milan Metro]] | status = operational | locale = [[Milan]], [[Italy]] | start = [[Sesto 1º Maggio (Milan Metro)|Sesto 1º Maggio]] | end = [[Rho Fiera (Milan Metro)|Rho Fiera]] / [[Bisceglie (Milan Metro)|Bisceglie]] | connectinglines = {{ric|Milan Metro|M2}} {{ric|Milan Metro|M3}} {{ric|Milan Metro|M4}} {{ric|Milan Metro|M5}} | stations = 38<ref name="Metropolitana Milanese">{{Cite web |url=http://www.metropolitanamilanese.it/pub/page/it/MM/metropolitane_milano?contentId=905 |title=Metropolitana Milanese - Milano M1 |access-date=2013-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019230930/http://www.metropolitanamilanese.it/pub/page/it/MM/metropolitane_milano?contentId=905 |archive-date=2013-10-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | routes = | daily_ridership = 500,000<ref>{{cite news|title=1964-2014, Milano festeggia 50 anni della linea 1 del metrò: "Così siamo diventati europei"|url=http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/11/01/news/1964-2014_milano_festeggia_50_anni_della_linea_1_del_metr_cos_siamo_diventati_una_citt_europea-99521771/#gallery-slider=99534383|access-date=4 November 2014|publisher=la Repubblica|date=1 November 2014}}</ref>  | ridership2 = | open = {{Start date and age|1964|11|01|df=y}} | lastextension = 2005 | close = | owner = | operator = [[Azienda Trasporti Milanesi]] | character = | depot = Gallaratese, Precotto | stock = 63 trains:<ref name=oldtrains>{{cite news|title=Metrò rossa a rischio paralisi da cambiare un terzo dei treni|url=http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/03/08/news/metr_rossa_a_rischio_paralisi_un_terzo_dei_treni_da_cambiare-31149158/|access-date=9 March 2012|newspaper=la Repubblica|date=8 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311010134/http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/03/08/news/metr_rossa_a_rischio_paralisi_un_terzo_dei_treni_da_cambiare-31149158/|archive-date=11 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> UdT (various series) [[AnsaldoBreda Meneghino]] {{ill|AnsaldoBreda Leonardo|it|Leonardo (treno)}} | linelength = {{cvt|27|km}}<ref name="Metropolitana Milanese"/> | tracklength = | tracks = | gauge = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}} | old_gauge = | load_gauge = | minradius = | racksystem = | routenumber = | linenumber = | electrification = {{750 V DC|conductor=fourth rail}} | speed = | elevation = | website = | map = [[Image:Milano - mappa metropolitana M1.svg|250px]] | map_state = }} '''Line 1''' is the first underground [[rapid transit]] line built in [[Milan]], [[Italy]]. It is part of the [[Milan Metro]] and it is operated by [[Azienda Trasporti Milanesi|ATM]]. Works on the line began in 1957, and the first part was opened on 1 November 1964,<ref name=atmstoria>{{cite web|title=ATM - Storia|url=http://www.atm-mi.it/it/IlGruppo/LaStoria/Pagine/ChiEravamo.aspx|publisher=Azienda Trasporti Milanesi|access-date=5 October 2011}}</ref><ref name=cartamobilita2011>{{cite web|title=Carta della mobilità 2011 |url=http://www.atm-mi.it/it/IlGruppo/ChiSiamo/Documents/carta_della_mobilita2011.pdf |publisher=Azienda Trasporti Milanesi |access-date=5 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329192453/http://www.atm-mi.it/it/IlGruppo/ChiSiamo/Documents/carta_della_mobilita2011.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2012 }}</ref> running from Sesto Marelli to Lotto station. The line is also called '''Red Line''' (''Linea Rossa'' in Italian), as it is visually identified by red signs. Due to its premiership, the line gave its red color to the Milan Metro logo.

==Route== The line runs underground from the northern suburb of [[Sesto San Giovanni]] to the city centre, then to the western district with two different branches, one northwest to [[Rho, Lombardy|Rho]], the other to the west to Bisceglie. It is {{convert|27|km|abbr=on}} long and serves 38 underground stations.<ref name=CR1>{{cite news|title=Linea M1 di Milano: il nuovo segnalamento entra in attività durante il ponte del 1°novembre|url=http://www.cityrailways.it/home/2011/10/31/linea-m1-di-milano-il-nuovo-segnalamento-entra-in-attivita-d.html|access-date=3 November 2011|newspaper=I binari - CityRailways|date=31 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403160449/http://www.cityrailways.it/home/2011/10/31/linea-m1-di-milano-il-nuovo-segnalamento-entra-in-attivita-d.html|archive-date=3 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Key points served by the line are ''[[Piazza del Duomo, Milan|Duomo]]'', considered the center of Milan; [[Castello Sforzesco]] (with [[Cairoli (Milan Metro)|Cairoli]] station); ''[[Milano Cadorna railway station|Cadorna]]'', one of the busiest stations in Milan and in Italy; ''[[Corso Buenos Aires]]'' (with stations [[Porta Venezia (Milan Metro)|Porta Venezia]], [[Lima (Milan Metro)|Lima]] and [[Loreto (Milan Metro)|Loreto]]), an important shopping street; and [[Fiera Milano|Rho Fiera]], one of the largest fairgrounds in the world.<ref name=about>{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://www.fieramilano.it/portal/page?_pageid=36,39304&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL|publisher=FieraMilano|access-date=19 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722033256/http://www.fieramilano.it/portal/page?_pageid=36,39304&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" ! Station Name ! Transfer ! Branch ! Opening |- | [[Sesto 1º Maggio (Milan Metro)|Sesto I Maggio]] | {{ric|Trenord|S7}} {{ric|Trenord|S8}} {{ric|Trenord|S9}} {{ric|Trenord|S11}} [[File:Tren.svg|20px]] | rowspan="20" | Main route | rowspan="2" | 28 September 1986 |- | [[Sesto Rondò (Milan Metro)|Sesto Rondò]] | |- | [[Sesto Marelli (Milan Metro)|Sesto Marelli]] | | rowspan="18" | 1 November 1964 |- | [[Villa San Giovanni (Milan Metro)|Villa San Giovanni]] | |- | [[Precotto (Milan Metro)|Precotto]] | |- | [[Gorla (Milan Metro)|Gorla]] | |- | [[Turro (Milan Metro)|Turro]] | |- | [[Rovereto (Milan Metro)|Rovereto]] | |- | [[Pasteur (Milan Metro)|Pasteur]] | |- | [[Loreto (Milan Metro)|Loreto]] | {{ric|Milan Metro|M2}} |- | [[Lima (Milan Metro)|Lima]] | |- | [[Porta Venezia (Milan Metro)|Porta Venezia]] | {{ric|Trenord|S1}} {{ric|Trenord|S2}} {{ric|Trenord|S5}} {{ric|Trenord|S6}} {{ric|Trenord|S12}} {{ric|Trenord|S13}} |- | [[Palestro (Milan Metro)|Palestro]] | |- | [[San Babila (Milan Metro)|San Babila]] | {{ric|Milan Metro|M4}} |- | [[Duomo (Milan Metro)|Duomo]] | {{ric|Milan Metro|M3}} |- | [[Cordusio (Milan Metro)|Cordusio]] | |- | [[Cairoli (Milan Metro)|Cairoli]] | |- | [[Cadorna (Milan Metro)|Cadorna]] | {{ric|Milan Metro|M2}} {{ric|Trenord|S3}} {{ric|Trenord|S4}} [[File:Tren.svg|20px]] |- | [[Conciliazione (Milan Metro)|Conciliazione]] | |- | [[Pagano (Milan Metro)|Pagano]] | |- style="border-top:4px solid #ccc" | [[Buonarroti (Milan Metro)|Buonarroti]] | | rowspan="11" | Rho Fieramilano branch | rowspan="3" | 1 November 1964 |- | [[Amendola (Milan Metro)|Amendola]] | |- | [[Lotto (Milan Metro)|Lotto]] | {{ric|Milan Metro|M5}} |- | [[QT8 (Milan Metro)|QT8]] | | 8 November 1975 |- | [[Lampugnano (Milan Metro)|Lampugnano]] | | rowspan="4" | 12 April 1980 |- | [[Uruguay (Milan Metro)|Uruguay]] | |- | [[Bonola (Milan Metro)|Bonola]] | |- | [[San Leonardo (Milan Metro)|San Leonardo]] | |- | [[Molino Dorino (Milan Metro)|Molino Dorino]] | | 28 September 1986 |- | [[Pero (Milan Metro)|Pero]] | | rowspan="2" | 19 December 2005 |- | [[Rho Fiera (Milan Metro)|Rho Fieramilano]] | {{ric|Trenord|S5}} {{ric|Trenord|S6}} {{ric|Trenord|S11}} [[File:Tren.svg|20px]] |- style="border-top:4px solid #ccc" | [[Wagner (Milan Metro)|Wagner]] | | rowspan="7" | Bisceglie branch | rowspan="3" | 2 April 1966 |- | [[De Angeli (Milan Metro)|De Angeli]] | |- | [[Gambara (Milan Metro)|Gambara]] | |- | [[Bande Nere (Milan Metro)|Bande Nere]] | | rowspan="3" | 18 April 1975 |- | [[Primaticcio (Milan Metro)|Primaticcio]] | |- | [[Inganni (Milan Metro)|Inganni]] | |- | [[Bisceglie (Milan Metro)|Bisceglie]] | | 21 March 1992 |}

==History== [[File:Milano, MM Amendola-Fiera 09.jpg|thumb|left|The mezzanine floor of the [[Amendola (Milan Metro)|Amendola station]] just before opening in 1964.]] [[File:Milano, piazza San Babila 02.jpg|thumb|left|The [[San Babila (Milan Metro)|San Babila station]]'s poster during the 1960s.]] On 6 April 1952 the city administration asked for a project of a metro system and on 6 October 1955 a new company, Metropolitana Milanese, was created to manage the construction of the new infrastructure.<ref name=mmstoria>{{cite web|title=La storia della linea 1|url=http://www.metropolitanamilanese.it/pub/page/it/MM/metropolitane_milano?contentId=904|publisher=Metropolitana Milanese Spa|access-date=31 October 2011|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010039/http://www.metropolitanamilanese.it/pub/page/it/MM/metropolitane_milano?contentId=904|url-status=dead}}</ref> The project was funded with [[Italian lira|₤]] 500 million from the municipality and the rest from a loan. The construction site of the first line was opened in ''viale Monte Rosa'' on 4 May 1957.<ref name=mmstoria /> Stations on the new line were designed by [[Franco Albini]]-[[Franca Helg]] architecture studio. [[Bob Noorda]] designed the famous wayfinding and signage system.<ref name=mmstoria />

At first, stations were designed without the mezzanine floor. However, these were added to the final design to allow street crossing and the use of gates to collect tickets.

The line from ''Lotto'' to ''Sesto Marelli'' (21 stations) opened on 1 November 1964, after seven years of construction works.<ref>Milan Opens Its First Metro ''[[International Railway Journal]]'' February 1965 page 22</ref>

==Rolling stock== There are 3 types of trains running on the line: revamped original trains, the [[AnsaldoBreda Meneghino|"Meneghino"]] trains, and the "{{ill|AnsaldoBreda Leonardo|it|Leonardo (treno)|lt=Leonardo}}" trains.

The original first series trains were phased out between 2014 and 2015. The track gauge is the {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}}. The entire line is electrified by means of a [[third rail|third]] or [[Railway electrification system#Fourth rail|fourth rail]] at 750 V DC.<ref name=metrobits>{{cite web|title=Milan Metro|url=http://mic-ro.com/metro/metrocity.html?city=Milan|publisher=metrobits.org|access-date=5 October 2011}}</ref>

Among the 63 trains running on the line, 20 entered service between 1964 (opening of the line) and 1970. Those trains were replaced by the "Meneghino" trains,<ref name=oldtrains /> and more were replaced by the "Leonardo" trains. Subsequently, the original first series trains were retired and dismantled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-01 |title=In servizio il primo treno Leonardo con la livrea tutta verde |url=https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/15_dicembre_01/servizio-primo-treno-leonardo-la-livrea-tutta-verde-3a49bf76-9817-11e5-b53f-3b91fd579b33.shtml |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=Corriere della Sera |language=it}}</ref> These new trains fully replaced the older, non-upgraded series still operating on Line 1.

On November 17, 2024, the first of 21 "Galileo" trains produced by Hitachi Rail at the Reggio Calabria plant was delivered for Line 1.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-17 |title=I nuovi treni Atm della linea M1, ecco come sono: le immagini del primo arrivato |url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2024/12/17/video/i_nuovi_treni_atm_della_linea_m1_ecco_come_sono_le_immagini_del_primo_arrivato-423892244/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217215923/https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2024/12/17/video/i_nuovi_treni_atm_della_linea_m1_ecco_come_sono_le_immagini_del_primo_arrivato-423892244/ |archive-date=17 December 2024 |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pallotta |first=Lorenzo |date=2024-12-14 |title=Ferrovie: Trasferito a Milano il primo nuovo treno per la metropolitana made in Hitachi Rail |url=https://www.ferrovie.info/treni-reali/ferrovie-trasferito-a-milano-il-primo-nuovo-treno-per-la-metropolitana-made-in-hitachi-rail.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217220316/https://www.ferrovie.info/treni-reali/ferrovie-trasferito-a-milano-il-primo-nuovo-treno-per-la-metropolitana-made-in-hitachi-rail.html |archive-date=17 December 2024 |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=Ferrovie.Info |language=it-it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Editorial Staff |date=2022-11-07 |title=ATM Milano to buy 46 new metro trains from Hitachi Rail (a €368m framework agreement) |url=https://www.sustainable-bus.com/trolleybus-tramway/atm-milano-trains-metro-hitachi-rail/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=Sustainable Bus |language=en-US}}</ref> These trains are set to completely replace the refurbished original sets. Their entry into service is scheduled for 2025.<ref name=":0" />

==Extension== An extension towards the north from [[Sesto 1° Maggio (Milan Metro)|Sesto Primo Maggio]] to [[Cinisello/Bettola (Milan Metro)|Monza Bettola]] is currently under construction. It is expected to be completed by 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Quattrone |first1=Ilaria |title=Metro M1 fino a Monza, si sblocca il cantiere: ripartono i lavori a Sesto San Giovanni |url=https://www.fanpage.it/milano/metro-m1-fino-a-monza-si-sblocca-il-cantiere-ripartono-i-lavori-a-sesto-san-giovanni/ |access-date=6 April 2021 |agency=FanPage.it |date=15 January 2021 |language=it}}</ref> The new section will be {{convert|1.9|km|abbr=on}} long with 2 stations (''Sesto Restellone'' and Monza ''Bettola''), entirely underground. The total cost will be €206 million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stella|first=Armando|title=Metrò per Monza, ad aprile primi cantieri|url=http://milano.corriere.it/milano/notizie/cronaca/11_marzo_14/monza-metro-190217793326.shtml|access-date=5 October 2011|newspaper=Corriere della Sera|date=14 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621073025/http://milano.corriere.it/milano/notizie/cronaca/11_marzo_14/monza-metro-190217793326.shtml|archive-date=21 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" ! Station Name ! Transfer ! Grade |- | Sesto Restellone | | Underground |- | Monza Bettola | {{ric|Milan Metro|M5}} | Underground |}

An extension of the western branch from [[Bisceglie (Milan Metro)|Bisceglie]] towards the city limits has been approved in 2019. The new stations will be located at [[Baggio (district of Milan)|Baggio]], via Valsesia and at Quartiere Olmi. The national government will provide €210 million, while the total cost is estimated at €350 million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dazzi|first=Zita|title=Arrivano i fondi per il prolungamento della M1 a Baggio: il governo stanzia 210 milioni | url= https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/11/05/news/milano_metropolitana_prolungamento_arrivano_i_fondi-240315219/ |access-date=19 December 2019|newspaper=Repubblica|date=5 November 2019}}</ref> The public construction contract for a total of €362 million was awarded in June 2025. The construction work is planned to last 6 years 3 months.<ref>{{cite web | title=M1, nuovo capolinea e nuove fermate metropolitana rossa a Milano | website=MilanoToday | date=2025-06-21 | url=https://www.milanotoday.it/attualita/m1-nuove-fermate-quando.html | language=it | access-date=2025-06-27}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" ! Station Name ! Transfer ! Grade |- | Parri-Valsesia | | Underground |- | Baggio | | Underground |- | Olmi | | Underground |}

==Gallery== <gallery>  File:Milan-Metro-Line1-4rail-track.jpg|A M1 tunnel showing the electrical feeding system File:Inside-Milan-Metro-Line1-train.jpg|Inside a fully revamped train File:Milan M1 train fourth-rail contact shoe.jpg|A train on Milan Metro's Line 1 showing the fourth-rail contact shoe. </gallery>

==Notes== {{Reflist}}

==References== *[http://www.atm-mi.it/it/ViaggiaConNoi/Pagine/SchemaRete.aspx Milan Metro Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115235118/https://www.atm-mi.it/it/ViaggiaConNoi/Pagine/SchemaRete.aspx |date=2021-01-15 }} *[http://www.metroricerche.it/blog News and hystorical info about Milan Metro and is architecture]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Line M1 - Milan Subway (Metropolitana Di Milano)}} [[Category:Milan metro lines|1]] [[Category:Railway lines opened in 1964|M1 Milan Metro]] [[Category:1964 establishments in Italy|Milan Metro Line 1]]