{{Short description|Genus of snakes}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = ''Micrelaps'' | image = מחרוזן הטבעות (דו-גוני).jpg | image_caption = ''Micrelaps muelleri'' | parent_authority = S. Das et al., 2023 | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Micrelaps | authority = Boettger, 1880 | synonyms = *''Elaposchema'' <br />Mocquard, 1888<ref name=Blgr1896>Boulenger GA (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ)'' ...'''.''' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I–XXV. (Genus ''Micrelaps'', p. 248).</ref> }}'''''Micrelaps''''' is a genus of rear-fanged mildly venomous snakes. It is the only genus in the family '''Micrelapidae'''. The genus is native to Africa and the Middle East, and there are four species that are recognized as being valid.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=700186 |taxon=''Micrelaps'' |accessdate=17 August 2007}}</ref>

== Taxonomy == Until very recently, this genus was classified in the family Atractaspididae. However, a phylogenomic study published in 2023 on the ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' journal has concluded that the genus should be re-classified into an autonomous family, apart from Atractaspididae, and thus created a new family called '''Micrelapidae''', which constitutes a new Afro-Asian family of snakes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Sunandan |author1-link=species:Sunandan Das |last2=Greenbaum |first2=Eli |author2-link=species:Eli Greenbaum |last3=Meiri |first3=Shai |author3-link=species:Shai Meiri |last4=Bauer |first4=Aaron M. |author4-link=Aaron Matthew Bauer |last5=Burbrink |first5=Frank T. |author5-link=Frank T. Burbrink |last6=Raxworthy |first6=Christopher J. |author6-link=species:Christopher John Raxworthy |last7=Weinell |first7=Jeffrey L. |author7-link=Jeffrey L. Weinell |last8=Brown |first8=Rafe M. |author8-link=Rafe Marion Brown |last9=Brecko |first9=Jonathan |author9-link=species:Jonathan Brecko |last10=Pauwels |first10=Olivier S.G. |author10-link=Olivier Sylvain Gérard Pauwels |last11=Rabibisoa |first11=Nirhy |author11-link=species:Nirhy Rabibisoa |last12=Raselimanana |first12=Achille P. |author12-link=Achille Philippe Raselimanana |last13=Merilä |first13=Juha |author13-link=species:Juha Merilä |date=2023 |title=Ultraconserved elements-based phylogenomic systematics of the snake superfamily Elapoidea, with the description of a new Afro-Asian family |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579032200313X |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=180 |article-number=107700 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107700 |pmid=36603697 |bibcode=2023MolPE.18007700D |issn=1055-7903 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10138/352742}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=New Snake Family Identified |url=https://english.tau.ac.il/snakes_2023 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=Tel Aviv University |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Description== Species in the genus ''Micrelaps'' share the following characters: the maxilla is very short, with two teeth, followed, after an interspace, by a very large grooved fang situated below the eye. The mandibular teeth are longest anteriorly. The head is small, and is not distinct from the neck. The eye is minute, and the pupil is round or vertically subelliptic. The nostril is pierced in a single nasal scale. There is no loreal scale. There are no preocular scales, the prefrontal entering the eye. The body is cylindrical, and the tail is short. The dorsal scales are smooth, without pits, and are in 15 rows at midbody. The ventral scales are rounded. The subcaudal scales are in two rows.<ref name=Blgr1896/>

==Species== {||cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;" |- |colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus '''''Micrelaps''''' - five species |- !bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Species<ref name="ITIS"/> !bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name="ITIS"/> !bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subsp.*<ref name="ITIS"/> !bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name<ref name="EMBL">{{EMBL genus|genus=Micrelaps|date=17 August|year=2007}}</ref> !bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="EMBL"/> |- |''M. bicoloratus'' |Sternfeld, 1908 |moyeri |Kenya two-headed snake |style="width:35%"|Kenya |- |''M. boettgeri'' |Boulenger, 1896 |align="center"|———— |Boettger's two-headed snake |style="width:35%"|Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda |- |''M. muelleri'' |Boettger, 1880 |align="center"|———— |Mueller's two-headed snake |Israel, Palestine, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon |- |''M. vaillanti'' |(Mocquard, 1888) |align="center"|———— |Somali two-headed snake |Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, eastern Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda |- |} ''*) Not including the nominate subspecies'' <span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>) Type species

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== *Böttger O (1880). "''Die Reptilien und Amphibien von Syrien, Palaestina und Cypern'' ". ''Berichte über die Senckenbergische naturforschender Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main'' '''1880''': 132–219. (''Micrelaps'', new genus, p.&nbsp;136). (in German and Latin).

{{Snake_families}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1006807}}

Category:Atractaspididae Category:Snake genera Category:Taxa named by Oskar Boettger Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot