{{Short description|Czech Canadian Catholic cardinal (born 1946)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Cardinal | honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]] | name = Michael Czerny | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CMG|size=100%}} [[Society of Jesus|SJ]] | native_name = | native_name_lang = | title = Prefect of the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]] | image = Card. Michael Czerny S.J. at the Vatican.jpg | alt = Czerny | caption = Czerny in 2019 | church = [[Latin Church]] | archdiocese = | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = | elected = | appointed = | term = | term_start = 23 April 2022 | quashed = | term_end = | predecessor = [[Peter Turkson]] | opposed = | successor = | other_post = Cardinal Deacon of [[San Michele Arcangelo a Pietralata]] (2019–present) <!---------- Orders ---------->| ordination = 9 June 1973 | ordained_by = Thomas Benjamin Fulton | consecration = 4 October 2019 | consecrated_by = [[Pope Francis]] | cardinal = 5 October 2019 | created_cardinal_by = Pope Francis | rank = [[Cardinal-Deacon]] | birth_name = Michael Felix Czerny | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1946|07|18}} | birth_place = [[Brno]], [[Czechoslovakia]] | death_date = | death_place = | buried = | religion = [[Catholic]] | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Titular bishop|Titular Archbishop]] of [[Beneventum (Africa)|Beneventum]] (2019)|Under-Secretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]] (2016-2022)}} | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Gonzaga University]]|[[University of Chicago]]}} | motto = {{langnf|la|Suscipe|Receive|break=yes}} | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = | coat_of_arms_alt = | other = }} {{Infobox cardinal styles | name = Michael Czerny | dipstyle = [[His Eminence]] | offstyle = [[Your Eminence]] | relstyle = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] | deathstyle = | image = Coat of arms of Michael Czerny.svg |image_size = 200px }} {{Ordination | date of diaconal ordination = | place of diaconal ordination = | ordained deacon by = | date of priestly ordination = 9 June 1973 | place of priestly ordination = [[Regis College, Toronto|Regis College]], [[Willowdale, Toronto|Willowdale]], [[Ontario]], Canada | ordained priest by = | consecrated by = [[Pope Francis]] | co-consecrators = {{ubl|[[Pietro Parolin]]|[[Peter Turkson]]}} | date of consecration = 4 October 2019 | place of consecration = [[St. Peter's Basilica]], [[Vatican City]] | elevated by = Pope Francis | date of elevation = 5 October 2019 | sources = }} '''Michael Felix Czerny''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CMG}} {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}} (born 18 July 1946) is a [[Czech Canadians|Czech-born]] [[Catholic Church in Canada|Canadian Catholic]] prelate who has served as prefect of the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]] since 2022. He was under secretary of the dicastery's Migrants and Refugees Section from 2017 to 2022. [[Pope Francis]] made him a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] in 2019.
A member of the [[Jesuits]], Czerny has worked to promote social justice in Canada, Latin America, Africa, and Rome.
==Early years== Michael Czerny was born in [[Brno]], [[Czechoslovakia]], on 18 July 1946.<ref name=shape/> His mother's family was Jewish converts to Catholicism. After the Nazis occupied Czechoslovakia, his maternal grandparents and two of his mother's brothers were interned in [[Theresienstadt Ghetto|Terezín]], where his grandfather died. The others were moved to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]], and the brothers died in labor camps. Michael's mother, because she was Jewish, was forced into farm labor and then imprisoned for 20 months; his father was forced to farm labor for refusing to divorce her.<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 10 August 2022 | url = https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/vatican-cardinal-honors-jewish-convert-tells-his-own-story | work = National Catholic Reporter | date = 9 August 2022 | title = Vatican cardinal honors Jewish convert, tells his own story | agency = Associated Press | first = Nicole | last = Winfield | url-status= live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220810021327/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/vatican-cardinal-honors-jewish-convert-tells-his-own-story | archive-date= 10 August 2022}}</ref> His parents immigrated to Canada by ship in 1948, bringing Michael and his brother.<ref name=shape>{{Cite news|url=https://grandinmedia.ca/czerny-familys-experience-as-refugees-helped-shape-future-cardinal/|title=Czerny family's experience as refugees helped shape future cardinal|last=Swan|first=Michael|date=October 10, 2019|work=Canadian Catholic News|access-date=Jan 26, 2020|archive-date=January 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126163114/https://grandinmedia.ca/czerny-familys-experience-as-refugees-helped-shape-future-cardinal/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Following his 1963 graduation from [[Loyola High School (Montreal)|Loyola High School]] in [[Montreal]], Czerny joined the Jesuits on 14 August 1964.<ref name="vaticanbio" /> He did his novitiate in [[Guelph]], Ontario, and then studied classics and philosophy at [[Gonzaga University]] in [[Spokane, Washington]], earning his bachelor's degree in classics and philosophy in 1968. He taught for a year at [[Gonzaga High School]] in [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], he pursued further studies in theology in Chicago and at [[Regis College (Toronto)|Regis College in Toronto]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pope Names 13 New Cardinals, Including Canadian Jesuit Father Michael Czerny|url=http://jesuits.ca/news-detail?TN=NEWS-20190901093422|date=1 September 2019|access-date=5 November 2019|publisher=Jesuits of Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105092747/http://jesuits.ca/news-detail?TN=NEWS-20190901093422|archive-date=5 November 2019}}</ref> On 9 June 1973, he was ordained a priest for the Upper Canadian Province (now the [[Jesuit Conference of Canada and the United States|Jesuit Province of Canada]]) in [[Willowdale, Toronto|Willowdale]], [[Ontario]]. He obtained his doctorate in interdisciplinary studies from the [[University of Chicago]] in 1978.<ref name=vaticanbio/>
==Jesuit initiatives== Czerny co-founded the [[Jesuit Forum for Social Faith and Justice|Jesuit Centre for Social Faith and Justice]] in [[Toronto]] in 1979, and he was the first director until 1989. In 1990–1991, following the [[1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador|murder of six Jesuits and others]] at the [[Central American University (San Salvador)|University of Central America]] in [[San Salvador]], he assumed the director's role of the university's Institute for Human Rights (IDHUCA), a position that had been held by one of the murdered priests.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cruxnow.com/cardinals/2019/11/cardinal-czernys-courageous-past-in-el-salvador-remembered/|title=Cardinal Czerny's courageous past in El Salvador remembered|last=Conlon|first=Mickey|date=Nov 3, 2019|work=Crux|access-date=Jan 25, 2020}}</ref> He was also Vice-Rector for Social Outreach.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
From 1992 to 2002, Czerny worked in the Social Justice Secretariat at the Jesuit General Curia in Rome. In 2002, he founded the [[African Jesuit AIDS Network]] and directed it until 2010. During these nine years, he initiated and coordinated efforts by Jesuits and others in nearly 30 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa to provide pastoral care, education, health services, social and spiritual support, and to fight stigma for victims of HIV/AIDS, and channelled resources from foreign sources. During that time, he also taught at [[Hekima University College]] in Nairobi.<ref name=vaticanbio/> In 2009, he argued that condoms were ineffective in preventing the spread of HIV in Africa's general population, despite their success "outside Africa and amongst identifiable sub-groups (e.g. prostitutes, gay men)".<ref>{{cite news | work= America | access-date = 4 May 2019 | date = 25 March 2009 | url = https://www.americamagazine.org/content/all-things/africa-aids-condoms | title = Africa, AIDS & Condoms | first = Tim | last = Reidy}}</ref><ref>{{cite interview | via = Zenit | access-date = 4 May 2019 | url = https://zenit.org/articles/an-african-view-of-church-and-hiv/ | title = An African View of Church and HIV | date = 29 November 2010 | first = Michael | last = Czerny | publisher = Catholic Radio and Television Network}}</ref>
==Roman Curia== Czerny worked in Rome at the [[Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace]],<ref name=vaticanbio/> where he was the personal assistant to Cardinal [[Peter Turkson]] from 2010 to 2016.<ref name=oconnell/> On 14 December 2016, [[Pope Francis]] appointed him under-secretary of the [[Migrants and Refugees Section]] of the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]], effective 1 January 2017, along with Scalabrinian Father [[Fabio Baggio]].<ref name="vaticanbio">{{cite press release | publisher = [[Holy See Press Office]] | url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2016/12/14/0901/02007.html| language = it| title= Rinunce e Nomine, 14.12.2016| date= 14 December 2016| access-date = 4 May 2019}}</ref> Discussing his new responsibility, he called migration "one of the most important and urgent human phenomena of our times", adding: "There's hardly a place in the planet which is not touched by this phenomenon. Indeed, though many are not aware of it, there are more people moving in Russia and China today than in any other part of the world."<ref name="oconnell">{{cite news | work= [[America (magazine)|America]] | access-date = 4 May 2019 | date = 14 December 2016 | url = https://www.americamagazine.org/content/dispatches/pope-francis-appoints-jesuit-and-scalabrini-priest-new-vatican-office-refugees |title= Pope Francis appoints Jesuit and Scalabrini priests to new Vatican department for refugees. | first = Gerard | last = O'Connell}}</ref> Also in 2016, he commissioned [[Timothy Schmalz]] to create the ''[[Angels Unawares]]'' sculpture that depicts a boat carrying migrants and refugees wearing clothes that identify them with a variety of cultures and time periods. It was inaugurated in [[St. Peter's Square]] in the Vatican in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/schmalz-angels-unawares-statue-pope-st-peter-s-square-1.5301921|title=Canadian artist's bronze statue depicting plight of refugees in boat unveiled at St. Peter's Square in Rome|last=Williams|first=Megan|date=29 September 2019|work=CBC|access-date= 26 January 2020 }}</ref>
Francis named him a voting member of the October 2018 [[Fifteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops|Synod of Bishops on Young People, Faith, and Vocational Discernment]].<ref>{{cite news |work=America |access-date=4 May 2019 |date=17 September 2018 |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2018/09/17/vatican-publishes-list-synod-participants-including-papal-nominees |title=Vatican publishes list of synod participants, including papal nominees |first=Cindy |last=Wooden |agency=Catholic News Service}}</ref> In October 2018, Czerny said the rhetoric used to describe migration and refugee movements was misleading: "It's not a crisis. It's a series of mismanagements and poor policies and self-interested manipulations. The numbers that we're talking about, even on the total scale, are not at all that great."<ref>{{cite news |work=America |access-date=4 May 2019 |date=24 October 2018 |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2018/10/24/vatican-expert-tone-down-crisis-rhetoric-human-migration |title=Vatican expert: Tone down the crisis rhetoric on human migration |first=Michael J. |last=O'Loughlin}}</ref>
On 4 May 2019, Czerny was appointed as one of two Special Secretaries for the October 2019 [[Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon region]] by Pope Francis.<ref>{{cite press release |publisher=[[Holy See Press Office]] |url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/05/04/190504b.html |title=Resignations and Appointments, 04.05.2019 |date=4 May 2019 |access-date=4 May 2019}}</ref> At the press conference introducing the Synod's concluding document, he said the Church needs to learn to respect cultural differences: "Not to assume that the way I am or the way we are is definitive, is the norm, is the way it has to be ... differences have to be embraced". Asked to define what the synod's participants meant by [[synodality]], he said: "Everyone had a sense of what it meant because we were doing it. Could we explain that in words... does it matter?"<ref>{{cite news | url = https://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2019/10/27/church-must-convert-from-cultural-ecological-sins-amazon-synod-concludes/ | work = Catholic Herald | access-date = 28 January 2020 | date= 27 October 2019 | title = Church must convert from cultural, ecological sins, Amazon synod concludes | first = Courtney| last = Mares }}</ref> A few years before, in 2015, he wrote that there were "limitations and fragmentations" among the organizations of the [[Amazon rainforest|Amazon]] before [[Pan-Amazonian Ecclesial Network|REPAM]] but the organization coordinated the work of the Catholic Church in the Amazon region and has worked to defend indigenous peoples and the environment.<ref name="repam">{{cite news|work=Zenit|access-date=23 October 2017|date=2 March 2015|title=Vatican Presents Initiative to Protect Amazon|url=https://zenit.org/articles/vatican-presents-initiative-to-protect-amazon/}}</ref>
=== Appointments as cardinal and prefect === On 1 September 2019, Pope Francis announced he would make Czerny a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 5 October 2019. Czerny was surprised by the announcement, which he heard while he was in [[Guararema]], Brazil, meeting with representatives of the popular movements to prepare for the synod.<ref>{{cite web | website = Catholic News Service | url = https://cnstopstories.com/2019/09/01/pope-to-create-cardinals-from-13-nations-in-october/ | access-date = 2 September 2019 | title = Pope to create cardinals from 13 countries in October | date = September 2019 | archive-date = 2 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190902044208/https://cnstopstories.com/2019/09/01/pope-to-create-cardinals-from-13-nations-in-october/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> In accordance with the norm that all cardinals should be bishops, Francis consecrated Czerny a bishop on 4 October, the day before he was scheduled to become a cardinal, making him [[titular archbishop]] of [[Beneventum (Africa)|Beneventum]].<ref>{{cite press release | url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2019/10/04/0773/01581.html | date= 4 October 2019 | access-date = 4 October 2019 | publisher = Holy See Press Office |language =it| title = Ordinazione Episcopale conferita dal Santo Padre Francesco, 04.10.2019 }}</ref> The co-consecrators were Cardinals [[Pietro Parolin]] and [[Peter Turkson]].<ref>{{cite web |website= Vatican News | url = https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2019-10/papa-francesco-ordinazione-quattro-vescovi.html | date= 4 October 2019 | access-date = 5 October 2019 | title = Il Papa ordina quattro nuovi vescovi: non rinnegate il popolo di Dio | language = it}}</ref> As planned on 5 October, Pope Francis elevated him to become a cardinal, in the order of [[Cardinal Deacon|cardinal deacons]].<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 5 October 2019 | date = 5 October 2019 | url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2019/10/05/0778/01587.html | title = Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico: Assegnazione dei Titoli, 05.10.2019 | language = it | publisher = Holy See Press Office }}</ref>{{efn|His coat of arms is composed of a green field evocative of Pope Francis' encyclical ''[[Laudato si']]'', a gold boat carrying a family of four refugees, the seal of the Society of Jesus, and the word "suscipe", the word that opens the prayer in the Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius Loyola: {{lang|la|Suscipe, Domine, universam meam libertatem}} (“Take, Lord, all my liberty") and also evokes the Gospel command to "receive" the stranger. Czerny's [[pectoral cross]], made by the Italian artist Domenico Pellegrino, is fashioned from the remains of a boat used by migrants to cross the Mediterranean Sea and reach the Italian island of [[Lampedusa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2019-12/cardinal-czerny-my-family-during-world-war-ii.html|title=Cardinal Czerny: My family during World War II|date=2019-12-07|website=Vatican News|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2019/10/04/migrants-cross-new-jesuit-cardinal|title=A migrant's cross for a new Jesuit cardinal|date=4 October 2019 |website=[[America (magazine)|America]] |language=en|access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref>}} He became Cardinal-Deacon of San Michele Arcangelo.
Czerny was named a member of the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] on 21 February 2020<ref>{{cite press release | publisher = Holy See Press Office | access-date = 3 March 2020 | language = it | title = Rinunce e nomine, 21.02.2020 | date = 21 February 2020 | url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2020/02/21/0113/00254.html }}</ref> and a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue]] on 8 July 2020.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=8 July 2020|title=Rinunce e nomine, 08.07.2020|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2020/07/08/0378/00868.html|journal=Bolletino Sala Stampa della Santa Sede}}</ref> Czerny was appointed a member of the jury of the [[Zayed Award]] for Human Fraternity in June 2021.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} In December 2021, in accepting the resignation of Cardinal Turkson as prefect of the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]], Pope Francis named Czerny as temporary prefect effective from 1 January 2022.<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 24 December 2021 | date = 23 December 2021 | publisher = Holy See Press Office | url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2021/12/23/0877/01857.html | language = it | title = Comunicato della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 23.12.2021 }}</ref> His interim status was removed and he was appointed to a five-year term as prefect of the Dicastery on 23 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pope Francis names Cardinal Czerny head of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/251043/pope-francis-names-cardinal-czerny-head-of-the-dicastery-for-promoting-integral-human-development |access-date=23 April 2022|website=Catholic News Agency | date = 23 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
After the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Cardinal Czerny was sent by [[Pope Francis]] with humanitarian aid to [[Ukraine]] in March 2022, along with the papal almoner, Cardinal [[Konrad Krajewski]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Associated Press |title=Pope Francis dispatches 2 cardinals to Ukraine |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/06/pope-francis-dispatches-2-cardinals-to-ukraine-00014429 |access-date=13 April 2022 | date= 6 March 2022 |website=POLITICO |language=}}</ref> This mission, which involved several trips,<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2022 |title=Pope sends cardinal to Ukraine to show solidarity with refugees |url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-14-22#h_8cc95cbbd57270b46535d4948ec18d88 |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=CNN |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022 |title=Pope Francis blessed an ambulance that the Vatican sent to Ukraine |url=https://www.infobae.com/en/2022/03/26/pope-francis-blessed-an-ambulance-that-the-vatican-sent-to-ukraine/ |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=infobae |language=}}</ref> and followed the pope's personal visit to the Russian Embassy to plead for peace, was part of a significant escalation of Vatican diplomatic efforts to bring an end to the violent invasion.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pullella |first1=Philip |last2=Balmer |first2=Crispian |date=6 March 2022|title=Pope Francis says 'rivers of blood' flowing in Ukraine war |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pope-francis-says-ukraine-conflict-is-not-military-operation-war-2022-03-06/ |access-date=13 April 2022}}</ref>
Czerny participated as a [[Cardinal electors in the 2025 papal conclave|cardinal elector]] in the [[2025 papal conclave]] that elected [[Pope Leo XIV]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardc3.html |title=Cardinal Electors |date=6 May 2025 |publisher=Catholic-Hierarchy.org |language=en |access-date=6 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506193115/https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardc3.html |archive-date=6 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ahead of the election, Czerny told ''The New York Times'' that "unity", a theme highlighted by some electors, "means reversal", stating, "If you ask me, 'How would you name the wrong track for the conclave?' I would say the idea that unity is the priority."<ref>{{Cite news |title=As Cardinals Prepare to Elect a Pope, One Motto Is 'Unity.' That's Divisive. |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=2025-04-27 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/27/world/europe/cardinals-church-conclave-pope.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250427041201/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/27/world/europe/cardinals-church-conclave-pope.html#selection-519.0-519.76 |archive-date=2025-04-27 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He told the same newspaper, "I can think of some African cardinals – they make me shudder", explaining that some conservatives supported African candidates to further an agenda, and stating, "that’s why ... it’s so, so, so stupid to say things like Africa's time has come."<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Conclave Like No Other |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/04/world/europe/papal-conclave-politics.html |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=2025-05-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250511225148/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/04/world/europe/papal-conclave-politics.html#selection-4379.0-4379.24 |archive-date=2025-05-11 |website=[[The New York Times]] |last2=Bubola |first2=Emma}}</ref>
A 25-minute documentary film about Czerny premiered in Brno in 2025. It focused on his family background and the history of Catholics with Jewish ancestry.<ref>{{cite web | access-date = 29 May 2025 | url =https://www.humandevelopment.va/en/news/2025/documentary-on-the-life-of-cardinal-michael-czerny-a-priest-with-jewish-roots.html | title = A Priest with Jewish Roots | date = 28 May 2025 | website = Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=de|access-date = 29 May 2025 | url =https://deutsch.radio.cz/neuer-dokumentarfilm-ueber-kardinal-czerny-bruenn-vorgestellt-8852506 | title =Neuer Dokumentarfilm über Kardinal Czerny in Brünn vorgestellt |first= Martina |last=Schneibergová| date = 29 May 2025 | publisher = Radio Prague International}}</ref>
==Honours== * [[File:Ord.St.Michele-Giorgio.png|80px]] [[Order of St Michael and St George|Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (CMG) ([[2025 Special Honours|22 October 2025]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Honours and Awards |date=2025 |publisher=London Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/5008903 |access-date=4 December 2025}}</ref>
== Books == * {{cite book|author1=Michael Czerny|author2=Jamie Swift|author3=Robert Ganton Clarke|title=Getting Started on Social Analysis in Canada|url=https://archive.org/details/gettingstartedon0000czer|url-access=registration|year=1994|publisher=Between The Lines|isbn=9780921284857 }} * {{cite book|author1=Michael Czerny|author2=Bénézet Bujo|title=Aids in Africa: Theological Reflections|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jubb1o67YhEC|year=2007|publisher=Paulines Publications Africa|isbn=978-9966-081-87-2}} * {{cite book|author1=Michael Czerny|author2=Christian Barone|title=Fraternità segno dei tempi. Il magistero sociale di Papa Francesco|url=https://www.libreriaeditricevaticana.va/it/home/714-fraternita-segno-dei-tempi-il-magistero-sociale-di-papa-francesco.html|year=2021|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana|isbn=978-88-266-0663-7}}
==See also== *[[Cardinals created by Francis]]
==Notes== {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}} ;Additional sources * {{cite news|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2019-09/michael-czerny-cardinal-elect-nomination.html|title=Fr Michael Czerny, SJ: a new Cardinal for the peripheries|publisher = Vatican News | date= 16 September 2019}} * {{cite interview | url = https://www.avvenire.it/chiesa/pagine/per-gli-indigeni-pi-rispetto | work = Avvenire | language = it | title = Il Papa in Canada. Il cardinale Czerny: «Per gli indigeni più rispetto» | interviewer = Riccardo Maccioni | date = 24 July 2022 }}
==External links== {{wikiquote}} {{commons category}} * {{cite web| url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_czeny_m.html|title=Czerny Card. Michael, S.I.|website=[[Holy See Press Office]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716182525/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_czeny_m.html|archive-date=16 July 2020|url-status=live}}
{{s-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{s-bef|before=[[Konrad Krajewski]]}} {{s-tul|title=[[Beneventum (Africa)|Archbishop of Beneventum]]|years=2019–2019}} {{s-aft|after=[[Mitja Leskovar]]}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Under Secretary of the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]]|years=2016–present}} {{s-aft|after= [[Fabio Baggio]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Javier Lozano Barragán]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Cardinal-Deacon of [[San Michele Arcangelo a Pietralata]]|years=2019–present}} {{s-inc|rows=2}} {{s-bef|before=[[Peter Turkson]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Prefect of the [[Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development]]|years=2022–present}} {{s-end}}
{{College of Cardinals}} {{Canadian cardinals}} {{Cardinals created by Francis}} {{Portal bar|Biography|Canada|Catholic Church|Christianity|Czech Republic}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Czerny, Michael}} [[Category:1946 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century Canadian Jesuits]] [[Category:20th-century Czech Jesuits]] [[Category:21st-century Canadian Jesuits]] [[Category:21st-century Czech Jesuits]] [[Category:Canadian cardinals]] [[Category:Canadian social justice activists]] [[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Francis]] [[Category:Czech cardinals]] [[Category:Jesuit cardinals]] [[Category:Czechoslovak emigrants to Canada]] [[Category:University of Chicago Divinity School alumni]] [[Category:Academic staff of Central American University]] [[Category:Clergy from Brno]] [[Category:Canadian people of Czech-Jewish descent]] [[Category:Alumni of Regis College, Toronto]] [[Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George]]