{{short description|Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York (1839-1902)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = bishop | honorific_prefix = The Most Reverend | name = Michael Corrigan | title = Archbishop of New York | image = Archbishop Michael Corrigan.jpg | church = Catholic Church | archdiocese = New York | appointed = October 10, 1885 | term_end = May 5, 1902 | predecessor = John McCloskey | successor = John Murphy Farley | previous_post = President of Seton Hall College (1868–1876)<br/>Bishop of Newark (1873–1880)<br/>Coadjutor Archbishop of New York (1880–1885)<br/>Titular Archbishop of Petra (1880–1885) <!---------- Orders ----------> | ordination = September 19, 1863 | ordained_by = Costantino Patrizi Naro | consecration = May 4, 1873 | consecrated_by = John McCloskey <!---------- Personal details ----------> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1839|8|13}} | birth_place = Newark, New Jersey, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|1902|5|2|1839|8|13}} | death_place = New York City, U.S. | buried = St. Patrick's Cathedral | education = Mount St. Mary's College (BA)<br/>Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide (DD) | motto = {{langnf|la|Dominus Petra Mea|The Lord Is My Rock|break=yes}} | coat_of_arms = CoA Michael Augustine Corrigan.svg }} '''Michael Augustine Corrigan''' (August 13, 1839{{snd}}May 5, 1902) was an American Catholic prelate who served as the third Archbishop of New York from 1885 to 1902. He previously served as Bishop of Newark (1873–1880) before becoming coadjutor archbishop under Cardinal John McCloskey, whom Corrigan succeeded upon his death. He also served as president of Seton Hall University from 1868 to 1876.
Corrigan was widely considered to have been one of the most influential conservatives in the Catholic Church in the United States in the late 19th century. He strongly opposed Americanism and was involved in widely publicized feuds with liberal figures like John Ireland and Edward McGlynn.
==Early life and education== [[File:First Class of the Pontifical North American College, 1860.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The inaugural class of the Pontifical North American College, Rome (1859). Corrigan is fourth from left, back row.]] Michael Augustine Corrigan was born on August 13, 1839, in Newark, New Jersey.<ref name=encyc>{{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Michael Augustine Corrigan|first=Joseph|last=Mooney}}</ref> His father, Thomas Corrigan, was born in Kells, County Meath, Ireland, and worked as an indentured cabinetmaker in Dublin before coming to the United States.<ref>{{harvnb|Mooney|1902|page=3}}</ref> His mother, Mary Corrigan (née English), was also an Irish immigrant, having been born in Kingscourt, County Cavan.<ref>{{harvnb|Mooney|1902|page=3}}</ref> Michael was the fifth of their nine children; his only sister, Catherine, became an Augustinian nun and two brothers, James and George, also became priests.<ref>{{harvnb|Mooney|1902|page=3}}</ref><ref name=obit>{{cite news|date=May 6, 1902|title=ARCHBISHOP CORRIGAN HAS PASSED AWAY|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1902/05/06/archives/archbishop-corrigan-has-passed-away-the-end-came-at-1105-oclock.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
In Newark, Thomas Corrigan owned a retail grocery and liquor business and also bought real estate.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|pages=23-24}}</ref> Upon his death in 1867, he bequeathed Michael $100,000 (equivalent to $2.1 million in 2025).<ref name=obit/> Michael received his early education at a private school in Newark run by his godfather.<ref>{{harvnb|Mooney|1902|page=4}}</ref> In 1853, he enrolled at St. Mary's College in Wilmington, Delaware, where he remained for two years.<ref>{{harvnb|Mooney|1902|page=4}}</ref> While there, he received confirmation from John Neumann, the Bishop of Philadelphia who was later canonized in 1977.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=25}}</ref> He then attended Mount St. Mary's College in Emmitsburg, Maryland, graduating in 1859.<ref name=obit/>
In the fall of 1859, after Corrigan decided to become a priest, he was sent by Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley of Newark to study at the Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide in Rome.<ref name=encyc/> In December of that year, the Pontifical North American College opened as a residence for American seminarians in Rome. Corrigan was one of the first twelve students to enter the American College, along with Robert Seton (a cousin of Bishop Bayley and grandson of Elizabeth Ann Seton), Reuben Parsons, and Patrick William Riordan.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|pages=30-33}}</ref> Edward McGlynn, with whom Corrigan would later feud, served as their prefect.
==Priesthood== On September 19, 1863, Corrigan was ordained a priest by Costantino Patrizi Naro, the Cardinal Vicar, at the Lateran Basilica.<ref name=hierarchy>{{Catholic-hierarchy|bishop|bcorrigan|Archbishop Michael Augustine Corrigan}}</ref> He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the Pontificio Collegio Urbano the following year.<ref name=encyc/>
Upon his return to the United States in September 1864, Corrigan was appointed professor of dogmatic theology and Scripture at Immaculate Conception Seminary, part of Seton Hall College in South Orange, New Jersey.<ref name=encyc/> It was there that Corrigan was taken under the wing of Bernard John McQuaid, president of Seton Hall. They developed a lifelong friendship and would later emerge as the most prominent conservative leaders of the U.S. Catholic Church in the late 19th century.<ref name=Hogan>{{cite book|last=Hogan|first=Peter E.|title=The Catholic University of America, 1896-1903: The Rectorship of Thomas J. Conaty|date=1949|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Catholic University of America Press}}</ref> As one historian described their relationship:
<blockquote>The McQuaid-Corrigan relationship developed at Seton Hall and so highly did McQuaid esteem the mind and administrative talents of the young Corrigan, that rightly or wrongly, McQuaid later would claim credit for Corrigan's advancement: first to Seton Hall, then to Newark and finally his promotion to Archbishop of New York. After 1880, Corrigan was technically McQuaid's superior, but to the very end it remained the relationship of a former teacher to his pupil with McQuaid playing the role of friend, advisor and trusted confidant, who always encouraged Corrigan to act clearly, boldly and decisively.<ref name=janus>{{cite journal|last=Janus|first=Glen|date=1993|title=Bishop Bernard McQuaid: On "True" and "False" Americanism"|journal=U.S. Catholic Historian|volume=11|pages=53–76|jstor=25153987}}</ref></blockquote>
In 1865, Corrigan was made vice president of the college and director of the seminary.<ref>{{harvnb|Mooney|1902|page=17}}</ref> Following the appointment of McQuaid as Bishop of Rochester, Corrigan became president of Seton Hall on June 24, 1868.<ref name=immac>{{cite web|title=Life and Learning|url=https://www.shu.edu/theology/history/life-learning.html|website=Immaculate Conception Seminary School of Theology}}</ref> In addition to his academic responsibilities, he also succeeded McQuaid as vicar general of the Diocese of Newark in October 1868.<ref>{{harvnb|Mooney|1902|page=17}}</ref>
In one of his early acts as president, Corrigan hired his brother James as director of the seminary.<ref name=immac/> James would succeed his brother as president in 1876.<ref name=seton>{{cite web|title=Past Presidents of Seton Hall|url=https://www.shu.edu/president/presidents-of-seton-hall.html|website=Seton Hall University}}</ref> Their brother George would be ordained a priest by Michael in 1874 and serve as professor of Christian apologetics and Greek.<ref name=marshall>{{cite book|last=Marshall|first=William Francis|date=1895|title=A Sketch of Seton Hall College|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Sketch_of_Seton_Hall_College_South_Ora/-phGAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1}}</ref> The Corrigan brothers were also critical to the college's financial solvency. Faced with rising debt, Bishop Bayley was prepared to sell Seton Hall to the Christian Brothers in 1871.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=42}}</ref> However, the sale was avoided when Michael, James, and their brother Joseph raised the necessary funds, partly using their inheritances from their late father.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=42}}</ref>
==Bishop of Newark== thumb|right|200px|Michael Corrigan as a bishop. After Bishop Bayley was appointed to the Archdiocese of Baltimore, Corrigan was named the second Bishop of Newark by Pope Pius IX on February 14, 1873.<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his episcopal consecration on the following May 4 from Archbishop John McCloskey at St. Patrick's Cathedral, with Bishops John Loughlin and William George McCloskey serving as co-consecrators.<ref name=hierarchy/> At age 34, he was the youngest Catholic bishop in the United States.<ref name=newark>{{cite web|title=Most Rev. Michael A. Corrigan, D.D.|url=https://rcan.org/most-rev-michael-corrigan/|website=Archdiocese of Newark}}</ref>
At the time, the Diocese of Newark comprised the entire state of New Jersey. In Corrigan's first full year as bishop, the diocese contained 116 priests and 109 churches to serve a Catholic population of 200,000.<ref name=directory1>{{cite book|date=1874|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|publisher=D. & J. Sadlier & Company|location=New York|page=262|url=https://archive.org/details/SadliersCatholicDirectory1874/page/n275/mode/2up}}</ref> By the end of his tenure, there were 184 priests, 142 churches, and 175,000 Catholics.<ref name=directory2>{{cite book|date=1880|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|publisher=D. & J. Sadlier & Company|location=New York|page=338|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sadliers_Catholic_Directory_Almanac_and/04AzAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1}}</ref> He established his official residence at Seton Hall, where he remained president until his resignation on June 19, 1876.<ref name=marshall/>
At the beginning of Corrigan's tenure, the state reform school for boys in Jamesburg was run by a Protestant minister and required all boys to attend Protestant services.<ref name=Kupke>{{cite book|last=Kupke|first=Raymond J.|date=1987|title=Living Stones: A History of the Catholic Church in the Diocese of Paterson|publisher=Diocese of Paterson|url=https://archive.org/details/livingstoneshist0000kupk/page/n5/mode/2up}}</ref> After unsuccessful attempts to provide a Catholic chaplain, Corrigan established a protectory for boys at Denville in 1875.<ref name=Kupke/><ref name=newark/> That same year, he also founded a school for wayward girls in Newark.<ref name=encyc2>{{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Newark|last=Meehan|first=Thomas}}</ref>
==Archbishop of New York== ===Coadjutor Archbishop=== In 1880, Cardinal McCloskey of the Archdiocese of New York (who had consecrated Corrigan as a bishop) sought a coadjutor archbishop with the right of succession due to his declining health.<ref name=encyc/> McCloskey and his suffragan bishops submitted to Rome a ''terna'', or list of candidates, that included Corrigan, Bishop Loughlin of the Diocese of Brooklyn (a co-consecrator of Corrigan), and Bishop Patrick Neeson Lynch of the Diocese of Charleston.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|pages=54-56}}</ref> Lynch was McCloskey's preference, but Rome was not favorable to his age or his support for the Confederacy during the Civil War.<ref name=Lynch>{{cite book|last1=Heisser|first1=David|last2=White|first2=Stephen|date=2015|title=Patrick N. Lynch, 1817-1882: Third Catholic Bishop of Charleston|publisher=University of South Carolina Press}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|pages=67-68}}</ref> Thus, on October 1, 1880, Pope Leo XIII appointed Corrigan to be McCloskey's coadjutor and gave him the honorary position of titular archbishop of Petra.<ref name=hierarchy/>
Corrigan attended the third Plenary Council of Baltimore from November 9 to December 7, 1884. He took an active part in the proceedings and acted as a representative of Cardinal McCloskey, who did not attend.<ref name=encyc/> When the council approved the establishment of a Catholic university in the United States, Corrigan was appointed to the planning committee for what would eventually become the Catholic University of America.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=121}}</ref>
===Archbishop=== When McCloskey died on October 10, 1885, Corrigan automatically succeeded him as the third Archbishop of New York.<ref name=hierarchy/> He presided over a period of significant growth for the archdiocese. In 1886, the first full year of his tenure, the archdiocese contained 402 priests, 176 churches, and 118 parochial schools to serve a Catholic population of 600,000.<ref name=directory3>{{cite book|date=1886|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|publisher=D. & J. Sadlier & Company|location=New York|page=116|url=https://archive.org/details/catholic-directory-1886/page/n129/mode/2up}}</ref> By the end of his seventeen years as archbishop, there were 716 priests, 276 churches, 190 parochial schools, and 1.2 million Catholics.<ref name=directory=4>{{cite book|date=1902|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|publisher=D. & J. Sadlier & Company|location=New York|page=117|url=https://archive.org/details/officialcatholic1902unse/page/218/mode/2up}}</ref> One of his most significant accomplishments, described by ''The New York Times'' as "his crowning work,"<ref name=obit/> was the building of St. Joseph's Seminary and College in Yonkers, which opened in 1896.<ref name=encyc/>
====School debate==== thumb|Archbishop John Ireland. In the late 19th century, Corrigan was widely regarded as the "chief opponent"<ref name=obit/> of Americanism, or attempts to adapt Catholic doctrine to American culture. This led to many public disputes between Corrigan and more liberal-minded bishops, especially with Archbishop John Ireland on the matter of Catholic education.<ref>{{harvnb|Reilly|1943|page=99}}</ref>
In 1890, Ireland expressed his support for the Poughkeepsie plan and implemented the plan in Faribault and Stillwater, Minnesota.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=336}}</ref> Under this system, a public school district would control parochial schools during school hours while religious instruction occurred outside those hours. Corrigan was not opposed to the plan itself, as he allowed it in Poughkeepsie and elsewhere in New York.<ref>{{harvnb|Reilly|1943|page=76}}</ref> However, he did oppose "a certain new and foreign theory" espoused by Ireland and others "that state schools best suited the needs of our times."<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=341}}</ref> He strongly supported the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore's mandates for every Catholic parish to have a parochial school and for Catholic parents to send their children to those schools.<ref name=council>{{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Plenary Councils of Baltimore |first=William|last=Fanning}}</ref>
In April 1892, Leo XIII approved a decision by the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith that the Faribault–Stillwater plan "can be tolerated."<ref>{{harvnb|Reilly|1943|page=160}}</ref> Both Corrigan and Ireland interpreted this decision as a victory, with Corrigan reading it as an exception while Ireland viewed it as an endorsement.<ref name=Ellis/> After receiving a separate letter from the pope explaining his decision, Corrigan wrote to Cardinals Lucido Parocchi and Mieczysław Halka-Ledóchowski to point out factual inaccuracies in Leo's letter.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|pages=355-357}}</ref> This sparked outrage in Rome, leading Corrigan to issue a statement:
<blockquote>It is a cardinal principle of canon law that error when discovered is to be corrected, and supposing that by any inadvertence an error of fact crept into the letter of the Holy Father, there could have been no irreverence in respectfully pointing out the fact either to him or to others who later on are to exercise their judgment in the premises.<ref>{{harvnb|Reilly|1943|pages=185-186}}</ref></blockquote>
Ireland actively campaigned for the Republican Party in the 1894 New York state election.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=450}}</ref> The election ended in a Republican victory along with the passage of the Blaine Amendment to the Constitution of New York, denying public funding to religious schools. Ireland's involvement in New York politics enraged Corrigan, who wrote to Cardinal James Gibbons:
<blockquote>Our Catholic population is indignant at the procedure of the Abp. of St. Paul, who, they say, was imported by the Republican party to aid them during the recent elections. If such a state of things continue, what is to become of Diocesan jurisdiction? Fancy e.g. my going to St. Paul, staying three weeks at the Ryan House without calling on the archbishop, then parading myself at political meetings, and giving Abp. Ireland's subjects pointed advice on the way they ought to vote!<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=452}}</ref></blockquote>
When Leo XIII issued his 1899 apostolic letter ''Testem benevolentiae'' condemning Americanism, Corrigan praised the pope for exposing "the multiplicity of fallacies and errors" which some had sought to disguise "as good and Catholic doctrine."<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=498}}</ref> Ireland was angered by Corrigan questioning his orthodoxy, and wrote to Denis J. O'Connell in December 1899 to say, "Corrigan imagines he is forever 'cock of the walk.' Can you with any kind of stick haul him down?"<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|pages=502-503}}</ref>
====McGlynn conflict==== thumb|Edward McGlynn. Corrigan's tenure as archbishop was marked by a six-year feud with Edward McGlynn, who had been his prefect at the Pontifical North American College. By 1886, McGlynn had become pastor of St. Stephen's Church in Manhattan and a strong supporter of economist Henry George.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=170}}</ref> Corrigan believed that Georgism, which held that economic rent derived from land should belong equally to all members of society, was inconsistent with Catholic doctrine on an individual's right to private property.<ref name=encyc/>
In the 1886 New York City mayoral election, McGlynn actively campaigned for George, who had been nominated by the United Labor Party; future U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt was the Republican nominee. In September of that year, Corrigan prohibited McGlynn from speaking at an upcoming rally for George at Chickering Hall, "or to take part in the future in any political meeting whatever without the sanction of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda Fide."<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|pages=201-202}}</ref><ref name=tribune>{{cite news|date=February 4, 1887|title=DR. MCGLYNN’S STATEMENT|work=New-York Tribune}}</ref> When McGlynn refused to obey Corrigan's order, the archbishop suspended the priest for two weeks.
Shortly after George's defeat in the election, Corrigan issued a pastoral letter in which he condemned "certain unsound principles and theories which assail the rights of property."<ref name=letter>{{cite web|title=Catholics and Labor Unionization: Pastoral Letter, 1886|url=https://guides.lib.cua.edu/c.php?g=1400974&p=10375625|website=American Catholic History Classroom|publisher=Catholic University of America}}</ref> In response, McGlynn said in an interview, "So long as ministers of the gospel and priests of the Church tell hardworking people to be content with their lot and hope for good times in heaven, so long will skepticism increase and Bob Ingersoll have many believers."<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=208}}</ref> Corrigan, in turn, suspended McGlynn for the remainder of the year.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=209}}</ref>
In January 1887, Corrigan removed McGlynn as pastor of St. Stephen's for insubordination.<ref name=Ellis>{{cite book|last=Ellis|first=John T.|date=1952|title=The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons Archbishop of Baltimore, 1834–1921|volume=1|publisher=Bruce Publishing Company|location=Milwaukee|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Life_of_James_Cardinal_Gibbons/KFLZAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1}}</ref> The following March, McGlynn delivered a speech at the Academy of Music, which was attended by several other priests.<ref name=Ellis/> Corrigan responded by disciplining those priests, including Sylvester Malone, who subsequently said in an interview, "I have never agreed with Archbishop Corrigan's methods, but I cannot understand him now. His behavior is tyrannical, inhuman, and totally without reason or excuse."<ref name=eagle>{{cite news|date=April 3, 1887|title=HE STANDS BY MCGLYNN|work=Brooklyn Eagle}}</ref> Meanwhile, 357 of the archdiocese's 413 priests<ref name=directory=5>{{cite book|date=1887|title=Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo|publisher=D. & J. Sadlier & Company|location=New York|page=117|url=https://archive.org/details/catholic-directory-1887/page/n147/mode/2up}}</ref> signed a pledge of loyalty to Corrigan.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|pages=237-241}}</ref>
In May 1887, Cardinal Giovanni Simeoni wrote that McGlynn would be excommunicated if he did not come to Rome in forty days.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=250}}</ref> When he refused the cardinal's orders, Corrigan declared in July that McGlynn had incurred excommunication.<ref name=Ellis/> In January 1889, Corrigan declared that attending meetings of McGlynn's Anti-Poverty Society was a reserved sin, meaning that a confessor would have to obtain special faculties to absolve it.<ref name=Ellis/> In February of that year, after Corrigan had petitioned Rome to place Henry George's ''Progress and Poverty'' on the Index of Forbidden Books, the Congregation of the Inquisition condemned George's teachings but withheld its decision from being published.<ref name=Ellis/> This was followed in 1891 by Leo XIII's encyclical ''Rerum novarum'', which affirmed private ownership as "the natural right of man" and rejected the concept that "individual possessions should become the common property of all."<ref name=Rerum>{{cite web|author=Pope Leo XIII|date=May 15, 1891|title=Rerum novarum|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15051891_rerum-novarum.html|website=Holy See}}</ref>
Corrigan's feud with McGlynn lasted until December 1893, when Archbishop Francesco Satolli, as the first Apostolic Delegate to the United States, lifted McGlynn's excommunication and restored his priestly faculties.<ref name=Ellis/> Corrigan subsequently appointed McGlynn as pastor of St. Mary’s Church in Newburgh, where he remained until his death in 1901.<ref name=encyc/>
==Death== In February 1902, Corrigan suffered a fall from which he never fully recovered.<ref name=obit/> In the weeks that followed, he also developed pneumonia.<ref name=obit/> On May 5, 1902, at the age of 62, he died at the archbishop's residence in Manhattan.<ref name=obit/> He had marked the 29th anniversary of his episcopal consecration the day before.
Cardinal James Gibbons celebrated Corrigan's Requiem Mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral on May 9, with Archbishop Patrick John Ryan delivering the eulogy.<ref>{{harvnb|Curran|1978|page=513}}</ref> He was interred in the crypt under the altar of St. Patrick's Cathedral.
==See also== *Archdiocese of New York#Ordinaries
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Sources== * {{cite book|last=Mooney|first=Joseph|date=1902|title=Memorial of the Most Reverend Michael Augustine Corrigan, D. D.|publisher=The Cathedral Library Association|location=New York|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Memorial_of_the_Most_Reverend_Michael_Au/huxBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1}} * {{cite book|last=Curran|first=Robert Emmett|date=1978|title=Michael Augustine Corrigan and the Shaping of Conservative Catholicism in America, 1878–1902|publisher=Arno Press|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/michaelaugustine0000curr/mode/2up}} * {{cite book|last=Reilly|first=Daniel F.|date=1943|title=The School Controversy (1891-1893)|publisher=Catholic University of America Press|url=https://archive.org/details/schoolcontrovers0000dani/mode/2up}}
==External links== {{wikiquote|Michael Augustine Corrigan}} {{wikisource|works=or}} {{commonscat|Michael Augustine Corrigan}}
{{s-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{s-bef|before=James Roosevelt Bayley}} {{s-ttl|title=Bishop of Newark|years=1873–1880}} {{s-aft|after=Winand Wigger}} {{s-bef|before=–}} {{s-ttl|title=Coadjutor Archbishop of New York|years=1880–1885}} {{s-aft|after=–}} {{s-bef|before=John McCloskey}} {{s-ttl|title=Archbishop of New York|years=1885–1902}} {{s-aft|after=John Murphy Farley}} {{s-end}}
{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York}} {{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Corrigan, Michael}} Category:1839 births Category:1902 deaths Category:19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United States Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United States Category:American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent Category:St. Mary's College (Delaware) alumni Category:Mount St. Mary's University alumni Category:Seton Hall University faculty Category:Clergy from New York City Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of New York Category:Burials at St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan) Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Newark Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Pius IX