Nuh district

{{For|the historical and cultural region|Mewat}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Nuh district | other_name = | settlement_type = District of Haryana | total_type = Total | native_name = | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | space = 1 | total_width = 300 | perrow = 1/1/2 | image1 = | image2 = | image3 = Ujina village beauty 01.jpg | image4 = }} | image_map = India - Haryana - Mewat.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in Haryana | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = Nuh (city){{!}}Nuh | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Haryana | subdivision_type2 = Division | subdivision_name2 = Faridabad | established_title = Established | established_date = | seat_type = Headquarters | seat = Nuh | parts_type = Tehsils | parts_style = para | p1 = Nuh, Ferozepur Jhirka, Punahana, Taoru | area_total_km2 = 1507 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 1,089,263 | population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus/> | population_urban = 11.39% | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_title1 = Literacy | demographics1_info1 = 54.08 | demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio | demographics1_info2 = 907 | leader_title = | leader_name = | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +05:30 | registration_plate = 1. HR 27 (Nuh)

2.HR 28 (Ferozepur Jhirka)

3.HR 74 (RTA Nuh)

4.HR 93 (Punahana)

5.HR 96 (Taoru) | blank_name_sec1 = Major highways | blank_info_sec1 = National Highway 248-A (Gurgaon–Sohna–Alwar), KMP Expressway and Delhi–Mumbai Expressway | blank1_name_sec1 = Average annual precipitation | blank1_info_sec1 = {{convert|594|mm|in|abbr=on}} | blank_name_sec2 = Lok Sabha constituencies | blank_info_sec2 = Gurgaon (Lok Sabha constituency) | blank1_name_sec2 = Vidhan Sabha constituencies | blank1_info_sec2 = 1. Nuh, 2. Ferozepur Jhirka, 3. Punahana, 4. Sohna-Taoru | website = {{URL|https://nuh.gov.in}} }}'''Nuh district''', formerly known as the '''Mewat district''', is one of the 22 districts of the northern Indian state of Haryana. The district is known for having the largest Muslim population in Haryana. It lies within the National Capital Region as well as the historical Mewat region and Braj region of India.

It has an area of {{convert|1860|km2}} and had a population of 1.09 million in 2011. It is bounded by Gurugram district to the north, Palwal district of Haryana to the east, Deeg and Alwar districts to the south and the Bharatpur district of Rajasthan to the west. There are four sub-divisions in this district: Nuh, Ferozepur Jhirka, Punahana, and Taoru.

In 2018, the Government of India's think tank NITI Aayog listed Nuh district as the most underdeveloped of India's 739 districts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-01 |title=Nuh at bottom of Niti Aayog's 101 most backward districts |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/nuh-at-bottom-of-niti-aayogs-101-most-backward-districts/article61871165.ece |access-date=2023-08-22 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Despite bordering Gurgaon district, Haryana's rich industrial and financial heartland, this district had the worst health and nutrition, education, agriculture and water resources, financial inclusion and skill development and basic infrastructure.<ref>{{cite news|title=NITI AAYOG RELEASES MOST BACKWARD DISTRICTS RANKING; 11 OF 20 ARE MUSLIM-CONCENTRATED|url=https://clarionindia.net/niti-aayog-releases-ranking-of-most-backward-districts-11-out-of-20-are-muslim-concentrated/|access-date=20 August 2020|work=clarionindia.net|date=29 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Part of NCR is most backward district|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/part-of-ncr-mewat-is-most-backward-district/articleshow/63524304.cms/|access-date=20 August 2020|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

==History== {{For|detailed history of the region|Mewat}} {{see also | History of Haryana#Districts | l1= History of districts of Haryana | List of districts of Haryana | Administrative divisions of Haryana }}

The Nuh district area is a small part of the vast historical and cultural region of Mewat. === Khanzada dynasty === {{Main|Khanzadas of Mewat}} Mewat was a kingdom in Rajputana with its capital at Alwar ruled by a Khanzada Mewati Rajput dynasty during the period of the Delhi Sultanate in India. Raja Hassan Khan Mewati was represented the Meo Khanzada in Battle of Khanwa.<ref name="rekhta.org">{{Cite web |title=Tareekh-e-Miyo Chhatri by Hakeem Abdush Shakoor |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-miyo-chhatri-hakeem-abdush-shakoor-ebooks |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=Rekhta |language=en}}</ref> Mewat was covered over a wide area, it included Hathin tehsil, Nuh district, Tijara, Gurgaon, Kishangarh Bas, Ramgarh, Laxmangarh Tehsils Aravalli Range in Alwar district and Pahari, Nagar, Kaman tehsils in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan and also some part of Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh. The last ruler of Mewat, Hasan Khan Mewati was killed in the battle of Khanwa against the Mughal emperor Babur. The Meo Khanzadas were descended from Hindu Yadu Rajputs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bharadwaj |first1=Suraj |title=State Formation in Mewat Relationship of the Khanzadas with the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughal State, and Other Regional Potentates |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=11 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199462797.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-946279-7 |url=https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/mobile/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199462797.001.0001/acprof-9780199462797-chapter-2 |access-date=24 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="rekhta.org"/><ref name="توصیف الحسن میواتی الہندی"/> ===Maratha Empire=== During the Maratha Empire, Mahadaji Shinde, had conquered most of the region from the Mughals and northern Mewat (Nuh district) came under the Maratha Confederacy. All of the Gurgaon district area of Punjab (which consisted of present-day districts of Faridabad, Rewari, and Mahendargah and Nuh) was conquered by French generals in late 18th century. ===British Raj=== Daulat Rao Sindhia ceded the Gurgaon region to the British on 30 December 1803 under the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon to the British East India Company leading to the Company rule in India. The southern and western Gurgaon region remained under the Bharatpur Jat Kings and their vassal relatives, one of whom was Nahar Singh of Ballabgarh.<ref name="revh1">[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1983/Chapter_I.pdf Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1983] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319114602/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1983/Chapter_I.pdf|date=19 March 2015}}, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in Haryana Revenue Department], Chapter II, pp.35-45.</ref><ref name="revh3">[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1883_84/History.pdf Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1883-84"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428025541/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1883_84/History.pdf|date=28 April 2015}}, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in Haryana Revenue Department], Chapter II, pp.19-25.</ref><ref name="revh2">[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gurgaon_1910/History.pdf Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1910"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009000200/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gurgaon_1910/History.pdf|date=9 October 2016}}, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in Haryana Revenue Department], Section B, pp.19-24.</ref>

After the Rebellion of 1857, the Nuh district area became a part of the Gurgaon district in the Punjab Province of British India. The Meos of southern Gurgaon (modern-day Nuh district) were leaders in the Rebellion and even momentarily formed their own government of Chaudharies as they drove the British out.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=Aijaz |date=July 2023 |title=Role of Meos in Independence Movement of India |url=https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V4ISSUE7/IJRPR15607.pdf |journal=International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews |volume=4 |pages=2726–2732}}</ref> ===Reformation=== During the British era, the Meo Muslims who inhabited this region were syncretic in past rituals.

{{blockquote|''"The Meos (Muhammadans) of the eastern Punjab still participate in the observance of the Holi and Diwali festivals. On the latter occasion they paint the horns, hoofs, etc., of their bullocks and join in the general rejoicings"''.<ref name="punjab1911">{{cite web|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7086/1/PANJAB%20PART%20I.pdf|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911 VOLUME XIV PUNJAB|access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref>{{rp|174}}|Excerpt from the Census of India (Punjab Province)|1911 AD}}

In the 1920s the grassroots Islamic movement Tablighi Jamaat arose from this region under Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlwai as a reformist movement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yadav |first=Jyoti |date=2020-04-17 |title=How Tablighi Jamaat was born from Mewat's 'drinking Muslims who couldn't even read namaz' |url=https://theprint.in/india/how-tablighi-jamaat-was-born-from-mewats-drinking-muslims-who-couldnt-even-read-namaz/403209/ |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> This Muslim region was heavily inflicted by partition violence of 1947, which in turn naturally altered the syncretic life style of people in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bordia |first=Radhika |title=Why the Meo Muslims in Mewat remember Mahatma Gandhi in December every year |url=https://scroll.in/article/911290/why-the-meo-muslims-in-mewat-remember-mahatma-gandhi-in-december-every-year |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=Scroll.in |date=30 January 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Partition violence=== During Indian independence, there was a surge in Communal tension when Jinnah demanded for a separate nation as a result of which Partition of India was proposed by the British rulers. A branch of the All India Muslim League was established in the area, which had proposed a separate province for Meos and a significant number of Meos became members of the organization.<ref name="cdhb">{{cite book |title=Census of India 2011 - Haryana - Series 07 - Part XII A - District Census Handbook, Mewat |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Haryana |location=Mewat |page=12 |edition=2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/454/download/1464/DH_2011_0619_PART_A_DCHB_MEWAT.pdf |access-date=9 August 2023 |chapter=Brief History of the District}}</ref> During partition some Meo Muslim villages were attacked; when the Meos retaliated they were attacked by the Hindu princely state maharajas. The violence has been remembered by the Meo Muslims and lead them to embrace a more Islamic identity.<ref name="revival">{{cite journal |author=Partap C Aggarwal |title=Islamic Revival in Modern India: The Case of the Meos |publisher=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=4 |issue=42 |pages=1677–1681}}</ref> The Meos' Islamic identity has also been enhanced due to better education, communication and transportation. As secular schools have increased in the area, so have the religious ''madrassas''. Many Meos have traveled to Delhi to attend religious gatherings, or visited their relatives in Pakistan.<ref name="revival" /> Mahatma Gandhi later visited the village of Ghasera in the district and requested Meos not to leave India. Chaudhary Mohammad Yasin Khan, a prominent social reformer in the region, was responsible for bringing Gandhi to Ghasera village.<ref>{{Cite web |title=With Mewat in Flames, Remembering Gandhiji's Visit to the Region in 1947 |url=https://thewire.in/rights/mewat-flames-gandhijis-visit-1947 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> Because of Mahatama Gandhi, some Meos were resettled in Laxmangarh, Nagar, Kaman, Deeg of Alwar district and Bharatpur district. Due to this, the people of Ghasera still celebrate Mewat Day.

===Post-Partition=== Yasin Khan's political leadership created three infamous political dynasties in the region, the Tayyab Husain clan, Rahim Khan clan and the Ahmed clan. Yasin Khan put forward two political leaders during his lifetime, his own son, Tayyab Husain and Khurshid Ahmed. Later on, Rahim Khan also emerged as political leader in rebellion to these two in the region. These political dynasties have gained notoriety and continue to have significant influence in the politics and culture of district.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manav |first=Sushil |date=2023-08-07 |title=Meo dynasts have always dominated politics in Mewat — a look at region's leaders, past & present |url=https://theprint.in/politics/meo-dynasts-have-always-dominated-politics-in-mewat-a-look-at-regions-leaders-past-present/1702901/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

The District was officially established on 4 April 2005, by taking areas from Gurgaon district and the Hathin sub-division of Faridabad district. However, in 2008, Hathin sub-division was reorganized in the new district of Palwal. The district was renamed from Mewat to Nuh in 2016, because Mewat is a historical and cultural region which spans farther into the states of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The Nuh district, although was called Mewat, did not encompass the entire historical Mewat region, rather only a small part of it<ref>{{cite news|title=Gurgaon is now 'Gurugram', Mewat renamed Nuh: Haryana government|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-gurugram-rename-mewat-nuh-haryana-government/|access-date=12 April 2016|work=The Indian Express|date=12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Why renaming Mewat to Nuh has raised hackles|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/why-renaming-mewat-to-nuh-has-raised-hackles-116041800963_1.html/|access-date=20 August 2020|work=business-standard.com|date=19 April 2016}}</ref> The district currently comprises Nuh, Taoru, Nagina, Ferozepur Jhirka, Indri, Punhana and Pinangwan blocks, 431 villages and 297 panchayats. There had been 512 villages and 365 panchayats in district before Hathin Block was transferred to Palwal district.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

In 2023, the district was rocked by the 2023 Haryana riots.

==Geography== The covers an area of Nuh district is {{convert|1507|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About District {{!}} District Administration, Nuh {{!}} India |url=https://nuh.gov.in/about-district/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Administrative divisions == There are 4 subdivisions or tehsils in the district with one sub-tehsil for the Nuh tehsil. There are a total of 7 blocks in the district as mentioned below:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subdivision & Blocks {{!}} District Administration, Nuh {{!}} India |url=https://nuh.gov.in/subdivision-blocks/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Sub-divisions ===

* Nuh * Ferozepur Jhirka * Punahana * Taoru

==== Sub Tehsil ====

* Nagina{{efn|name=Sub-Tehsil|Nagina is a sub-tehsil of the Nuh tehsil}}

=== Blocks ===

* Nuh * Ferozepur Jhirka * Punhana * Taoru * Nagina * Indri * Pinangwan

==Assembly constituencies== There are three Haryana Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Nuh, Ferozepur Jhirka and Punahana. All 3 are part of the Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency. Taoru from the Nuh district (previously Taoru Assembly constituency) comes under Sohna constituency of Gurugram district.

==Notable towns and villages==

=== City ===

* Nuh

=== Towns === * Ferozepur Jhirka * Pinangwan * Punahana * Nagina * Tauru

=== Villages === * Jai Singh Pur * Ghasera * Khanpur Ghati * Sultanpur-Punahana * Sudaka * Salaheri * Shikrawa * Sangel * Akera * Malab * Nizampur * Chandeni * Ranika * Meoli * Oontka * Nangli

==Demographics== According to the 2011 census, Nuh district had a population of 1,089,263.<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Nuh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/454/download/1464/DH_2011_0619_PART_A_DCHB_MEWAT.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}</ref> By population, it ranks 420th among the 640 districts of India.<ref name=districtcensus/> The district had a population density of {{convert| 729 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 37.94%.<ref name=districtcensus/> It had a sex ratio of 906 females for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a literacy rate of 56.1%. 11.39% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes make up 6.91% of the population.<ref name="districtcensus" />{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,67,539|13=1911|14=1,46,094|15=1921|16=1,36,085|17=1931|18=1,48,756|19=1941|20=1,71,014|21=1951|22=1,84,705|23=1961|24=2,39,352|25=1971|26=3,20,670|27=1981|28=3,92,173|29=1991|30=5,39,299|31=2001|32=7,85,594|33=2011|34=10,89,263|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box |title=Religion in Nuh district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Haryana|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11374/download/14487/DDW06C-01%20MDDS.XLSS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}</ref> |titlebar=#Fcd116 |left1=Religion |right1=Percent |float=left |bars= {{bar percent|Islam|green|79.20}} {{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|20.37}} {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.43}} }}

{| class="wikitable sortable" |+ ''Religion in Nuh District{{efn|1941 figures are for Nuh and Firozpur Jhirka tehsils of the former Gurgaon District, which roughly corresponds to present-day Nuh district. Historic district borders may not be an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}'' |- ! Religion ! colspan="2" | Population (1941)<ref name="Sargodha1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE|access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref>{{rp|42}} ! colspan="2" |Population (2011) |- | Islam 15px |182,962 |{{Percentage|182962|271392|2}} |862,647 |{{Percentage|862647|1089263|2}} |- | Hinduism 15px{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1941 census: Including Ad-Dharmis}} |87,647 |{{Percentage|87647|271392|2}} |221,846 |{{Percentage|221846|1089263|2}} |- | Others{{efn|Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Sikhism or not stated}} |783 |{{Percentage|783|271392|2}} |4,770 |{{Percentage|4770|1089263|2}} |-style="background-color:#d4edda;" |'''Total Population''' | '''271,392''' |'''{{Percentage|271392|271392|2}}''' |'''1,089,263''' |'''{{Percentage|1089263|1089263|2}}''' |}

It is the only Muslim majority district in Haryana, and has the highest proportion of Muslims in North India outside Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sethi|first=Chitleen K.|date=2020-06-17|title=After VHP campaign on 'atrocities' in Muslim-majority Nuh, Khattar promises new conversion law|url=https://theprint.in/india/after-vhp-campaign-on-atrocities-in-muslim-majority-mewat-khattar-promises-new-conversion-law/442961/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref>

{{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Languages of Nuh district (2011)<ref name="languages"/> |label1 = Hindi |value1 = 36.17 |color1 = orange |label2 = Mewati |value2 = 34.75 |color2 = goldenrod |label3 = Urdu |value3 = 25.76 |color3 = green |label4 = Haryanvi |value4 = 2.84 |color4 = indianred |label5 = Others |value5 = 0.48 |color5 = grey }}

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 36.17% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 34.75% Mewati, 25.76% Urdu and 2.84% Haryanvi as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Haryana|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10204/download/13316/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX|website=Census of India |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}.</ref>

==Economy== The main occupation in the district is agriculture, followed by allied and agro-based activities. The Meos are the predominant population group and are all agriculturists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/how-tablighi-jamaat-was-born-from-mewats-drinking-muslims-who-couldnt-even-read-namaz/403209/|title=How Tablighi Jamaat was born from Mewat's 'drinking Muslims who couldn't even read namaz'|website=ThePrint |date=17 April 2020}}</ref>

==Transport== Nuh town is on National Highway 248A (NH 248A) (previously known as the Gurgaon–Sohna–Alwar road),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/sohna-road-to-have-a-toll-plaza-after-upgrade/articleshow/65693527.cms|title=Sohna road to have a toll plaza after upgrade|website=The Times of India|date=6 September 2018 }}</ref> connecting the district to Gurugram and Alwar. The Kundli–Manesar–Palwal (KMP) Expressway provides high-speed access to the district from Palwal and Manesar. Major District Roads 131 and 135 connect to the Delhi–Agra Highway. The nearest railway station is Hodal which is around {{convert|20|km}} from Punahana town. The closest railway station to the district headquarters, Nuh town, is {{convert|37|km}} away in Palwal.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

The planned route of the Delhi–Mumbai Expressway will pass west of Pinangwan town and is expected to boost connectivity to cities.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} Western Dedicated Freight Corridor passes through Sohna of this district.

== Notable people == * Hazrat Sheikh Musa, 13th century’s Sufi saint. * Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed (born 1934), former Member of the Lok Sabha, and former Cabinet Minister in the states of Haryana. * Tayyab Husain (born 1936), former Member of the Lok Sabha, and former Cabinet Minister in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan. * Chaudhary Rahim Khan (born 1923), former Member of the Lok Sabha and president of the All India Meo Sabha. * Parvej Khan (born 2004), Indian track and field athlete. * Salman Ali (born 1998), Indian playback singer.

==Notes== {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== * [http://nuh.gov.in/ Official website of district Nuh]

{{Geographic location |Centre = '''Nuh district''' |North = Gurgaon district |Northeast = |East = Palwal district |Southeast = Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh |South = Bharatpur district, Rajasthan |Southwest = |West = Alwar district, Rajasthan |Northwest = Rewari district }}

{{coord|28|06|N|77|00|E|region:IN-HR_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

Category:Nuh district Category:Districts of Haryana Category:Minority concentrated districts in India Category:2005 establishments in Haryana Category:Mewat Category:National Capital Region (India)