{{Short description|Rare form of cancer}} <!-- not helpful # REDIRECT Clear-cell tumor --> '''Clear-cell carcinoma''', also known as '''clear-cell adenocarcinoma''' and '''mesonephroma''',<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=45063 | title = Clear cell carcinoma | work = NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms | publisher = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | date = 2011-02-02 }}</ref> is an epithelial-cell-derived carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells observed during histological, diagnostic assessment. This form of cancer is classified as a rare cancer with an incidence of 4.8% in white patients, 3.1% in black patients, and 11.1% in Asian patients.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fujiwara K, Shintani D, Nishikawa T | title = Clear-cell carcinoma of the ovary | journal = Annals of Oncology | volume = 27 Suppl 1 | issue = suppl_1 | pages = i50–i52 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 27141072 | doi = 10.1093/annonc/mdw086 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name = "GARD">{{cite web |url= https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9574/clear-cell-renal-cell-carcinoma |title=Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | work = Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program| publisher = Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) |access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref>

Clear-cell carcinoma may arise in multiple tissue types including the kidney (clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma), ovary (ovarian clear-cell carcinoma),<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Takano M, Tsuda H, Sugiyama T | title = Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: is there a role of histology-specific treatment? | journal = Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 53 | date = June 2012 | pmid = 22655678 | pmc = 3405444 | doi = 10.1186/1756-9966-31-53 | doi-access = free }}</ref> uterus (uterine clear-cell carcinoma) or gastrointestinal tract (colorectal clear-cell carcinoma).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Remo A, Grillo F, Mastracci L, Fassan M, Sina S, Zanella C, Parcesepe P, Damiano Urso E, Pancione M, Bortuzzo G, Scarpa A, Manfrin E | display-authors = 6 | title = Clear cell colorectal carcinoma: Time to clarify diagnosis | journal = Pathology, Research and Practice | volume = 213 | issue = 5 | pages = 447–452 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28285963 | doi = 10.1016/j.prp.2017.02.013 }}</ref> The clear-cell variant is also a histomorphological pattern of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This is where the cytoplasm is almost completely translucent in the exocrine cells of the pancreas and very exaggerated nuclei are visible. This clear cell pattern can be mistaken for a benign tumor, leading to challenges with accurate and timely diagnoses. <ref>Taherian, M., Wang, H., & Wang, H. (2022). Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Molecular Pathology and Predictive Biomarkers. Cells, 11(19), 3068. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11193068 </ref>

Treatment options for clear cell carcinoma vary by the tissue type affected. It may include a combination of chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin or irinotecan plus cisplatin) and surgical resection in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma;<ref name=":1" /> debulking or resection paired with chemotherapy (cisplatin) in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma;<ref name=":0" /> cytokine therapy (IL-2, interferon), kinase inhibitors (temsirolimus, sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib) and anti-angiogenic therapies (bevacizumab).<ref name = "GARD" />

== References == {{reflist}}

Category:Carcinoma

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