{{Short description|American engineer}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Menachem Elimelech | birth_place = Israel | image = Elimelech Image 20250211.jpeg | caption = Menachem Elimelech | fields = {{UBL| Environmental engineering | Membrane technology | Desalination | Water-energy nexus }} | alma_mater = {{UBL| Johns Hopkins University | Hebrew University of Jerusalem }} | awards = Member of National Academy of Engineering, Foreign member of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Elected member of Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering, Elected member of Canadian Academy of Engineering, Athalie Richardson Irvine Clarke Prize, ENI award, Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water, Lawrence K. Cecil Award of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Honorary doctorate Ben-Gurion University | doctoral_advisor = Charles R. O'Melia | work_institutions = {{hlist| Rice University | Yale University | University of California, Los Angeles }} | doctoral_students = {{hlist| Nathalie Tufenkji | Sharon Walker | Amy Childress | {{ill|Eric Hoek|simple}} }} }}
'''Menachem Elimelech''' (Hebrew: מְנַחֵם אֱלִימֶלֶךְ) is the Nancy and Clint Carlson Professor at Rice University, with joint appointments in the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and the Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering.<ref name="rice">{{cite web |date=2024-10-15 |title=Menachem Elimelech to join Rice University's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering |url=https://engineering.rice.edu/news/menachem-elimelech-join-rice-universitys-department-civil-and-environmental-engineering|website=Rice Engineering News}}</ref> Prior to his appointment at Rice University, he was the Sterling Professor of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at Yale University.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-07 |title=Elimelech named Sterling Prof. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering |url=https://news.yale.edu/2021/04/07/elimelech-named-sterling-prof-chemical-and-environmental-engineering |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=YaleNews |language=en}}</ref> Elimelech moved from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to Yale University in 1998 and founded Yale's Environmental Engineering program.
Menachem Elimelech was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2006,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Professor Menachem Elimelech |url=https://nae.edu/30968/Professor-Menachem-Elimelech |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=NAE Website |language=en}}</ref> and a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2017,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Menachem Elimelech Elected to the Chinese Academy of Engineering |url=https://seas.yale.edu/news-events/news/menachem-elimelech-elected-chinese-academy-engineering |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science |language=en}}</ref> the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering in 2021, the Canadian Academy of Engineering in 2022,<ref name="cae-acg.ca">{{Cite web |title=The Canadian Academy of Engineering / L'Académie canadienne du génie |url=https://www.cae-acg.ca/fifty-four-new-fellows-elected-into-the-canadian-academy-of-engineering/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> and the National Academy of Engineering of Korea in 2022. He is recognized for his pioneering work on membrane processes for desalination and water reuse, materials for next-generation desalination and water purification membranes, membrane-based brine and wastewater management technologies, particle and microbial pathogen filtration, and environmental applications of nanotechnology. Several of his findings have become textbook materials and are applied to engineered systems.
==Early life and education== {{Unreferenced|section|date=March 2026}} Elimelech was born in Israel to an immigrant family from Morocco. His parents had no formal education. His mother's family were Berber Jews who moved to Casablanca from the Sahara Desert. He grew up in the southern city of Beer Sheva in an immigrant absorption camp (Ma'abarot) and later in government subsidized housing. He attended elementary schools in the city and high school at the Ben Shemen Youth Village, an agricultural boarding school in central Israel.
Elimelech graduated with high distinction from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with Bachelor of Science (BSc) in 1983 and Master of Science (MSc) in 1985. He earned his PhD in environmental engineering at the Johns Hopkins University in 1989 under the direction of Professor Charles R. O'Melia. His dissertation was titled "The Effect of Particle Size on the Kinetics of Deposition of Brownian Particles in Porous Media."
==Academic career== Following his PhD studies at the Johns Hopkins University, Elimelech accepted a faculty position as assistant professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at UCLA. He rose to the rank of Associate Professor in 1994 and Full Professor in 1997. At UCLA, he also served as a Department Vice Chair.
In 1998, Elimelech accepted a position at the Chemical Engineering Department at Yale University as the Llewellyn West Jones Professor. After moving to Yale, he founded the Environmental Engineering Program. In 2005, he was appointed the Roberto Goizueta Professor and as the Chair of the Chemical Engineering Department (from 2005 to 2010). The Environmental Engineering program founded by Elimelech is currently part of the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. In 2021, Elimelech was appointed the Sterling Professor of Chemical and Environmental Engineering.<ref name=":0" /> The Sterling professorship is the highest academic rank at Yale University. In January 2025, Elimelech joined Rice University as the Nancy and Clint Carlson Professor with joint appointments in the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and the Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering.<ref name="rice"/>
==Contributions to science and technology== Elimelech is the author of over 600 refereed journal publications. He is the most cited and impactful scholar in the field of environmental and water quality engineering, with over 181,000 citations and an h-index of 221 (Google Scholar).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Menachem Elimelech |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qG-oP7oAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> Elimelech ranks first in the world in the field of Civil and Environmental Engineering in the latest (2025) ScholarGPS Highly Ranked Scholars list,<ref>{{cite web |title=ScholarGPS Highly Ranked Scholars |url=https://scholargps.com/highly-ranked-scholars?ranking_duration=LIFETIME_ALL&discipline=Civil+and+Environmental+Engineering&p=1#1 |website=scholargps.com}}</ref> which is based on research productivity and long-term scholarly impact.
===Shaping the research agenda for desalination and water purification=== Elimelech authored invited perspective articles that helped to shape the research and engineering practice in water purification and desalination. One example is an article in ''Nature'' (2008)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shannon |first1=Mark A. |last2=Bohn |first2=Paul W. |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |last4=Georgiadis |first4=John G. |last5=Mariñas |first5=Benito J. |last6=Mayes |first6=Anne M. |date=March 2008 |title=Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06599 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=452 |issue=7185 |pages=301–310 |doi=10.1038/nature06599 |pmid=18354474 |bibcode=2008Natur.452..301S |s2cid=4424103 |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription }}</ref> on the state-of-the-art and future research on water purification. The article highlighted the science and technology being developed to improve the decontamination of water, as well as efforts to increase water supply through the safe reuse of wastewater and efficient desalination of seawater and brackish groundwater. Another example is an article in ''Science'' (2011)<ref name="Elimelech 712–717">{{Cite journal |last1=Elimelech |first1=Menachem |last2=Phillip |first2=William A. |date=2011-08-05 |title=The Future of Seawater Desalination: Energy, Technology, and the Environment |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1200488 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=333 |issue=6043 |pages=712–717 |doi=10.1126/science.1200488 |pmid=21817042 |bibcode=2011Sci...333..712E |s2cid=24189246 |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription }}</ref> on the future of seawater desalination. The article analyzed the possible reductions in energy demand by state-of-the-art seawater desalination technologies, the potential role of advanced materials and innovative technologies in improving performance, and the sustainability of desalination as a solution to global water shortages. Another article published in ''Nature Reviews Materials'' (2016)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Werber |first1=Jay R. |last2=Osuji |first2=Chinedum O. |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |date=2016-04-05 |title=Materials for next-generation desalination and water purification membranes |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/natrevmats201618 |journal=Nature Reviews Materials |language=en |volume=1 |issue=5 |page=16018 |doi=10.1038/natrevmats.2016.18 |bibcode=2016NatRM...116018W |issn=2058-8437|url-access=subscription }}</ref> focused on materials for next-generation desalination and water purification membranes. The article discussed the state-of-the-art existing membrane technologies for water purification and desalination, highlighted their inherent limitations, and established the urgent requirements for next-generation membranes.
===Development of innovative membrane-based desalination technologies=== Elimelech made contributions to the development of technologies for desalination and for the management of brines from inland desalination plants and industrial wastewaters, such as those produced in the oil and gas industry. Specifically, he advanced the use of ultrahigh-pressure reverse osmosis (UHPRO) as a technology to displace energy-intensive thermal evaporators that are commonly used for brine management).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Davenport |first1=Douglas M. |last2=Deshmukh |first2=Akshay |last3=Werber |first3=Jay R. |last4=Elimelech |first4=Menachem |date=2018-08-14 |title=High-Pressure Reverse Osmosis for Energy-Efficient Hypersaline Brine Desalination: Current Status, Design Considerations, and Research Needs |journal=Environmental Science & Technology Letters |language=en |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=467–475 |doi=10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00274 |issn=2328-8930|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018EnSTL...5..467D }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Davenport |first1=Douglas M. |last2=Ritt |first2=Cody L. |last3=Verbeke |first3=Rhea |last4=Dickmann |first4=Marcel |last5=Egger |first5=Werner |last6=Vankelecom |first6=Ivo F. J. |last7=Elimelech |first7=Menachem |date=2020-09-01 |title=Thin film composite membrane compaction in high-pressure reverse osmosis |journal=Journal of Membrane Science |language=en |volume=610 |article-number=118268 |doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118268 |s2cid=219764621 |issn=0376-7388|doi-access=free }}</ref> Elimelech has developed a membrane-based technology for concentrating brines, referred to as low-salt-rejection reverse osmosis (LSRRO).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Zhangxin |last2=Deshmukh |first2=Akshay |last3=Du |first3=Yuhao |last4=Elimelech |first4=Menachem |date=2020-03-01 |title=Minimal and zero liquid discharge with reverse osmosis using low-salt-rejection membranes |journal=Water Research |language=en |volume=170 |article-number=115317 |doi=10.1016/j.watres.2019.115317 |pmid=31786394 |s2cid=208536085 |issn=0043-1354|doi-access=free |bibcode=2020WatRe.17015317W }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Du |first1=Yuhao |last2=Wang |first2=Zhangxin |last3=Cooper |first3=Nathanial J. |last4=Gilron |first4=Jack |last5=Elimelech |first5=Menachem |date=2022-02-01 |title=Module-scale analysis of low-salt-rejection reverse osmosis: Design guidelines and system performance |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135421011301 |journal=Water Research |language=en |volume=209 |article-number=117936 |doi=10.1016/j.watres.2021.117936 |pmid=34922102 |bibcode=2022WatRe.20917936D |s2cid=245100566 |issn=0043-1354|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Through detailed process engineering modeling he has shown that LSRRO can concentrate brines up to approximately 240 g/L total dissolved solids (TDS), which is the feed brine concentration for brine crystallizers. UHPRO and LSRRO have attracted industrial interest as they are expected to revolutionize low-energy, low-cost brine management. Elimelech's pioneering research on another desalination technology, the forward osmosis (FO) process,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McCutcheon |first1=Jeffrey R. |last2=McGinnis |first2=Robert L. |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |date=2005-04-01 |title=A novel ammonia—carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916405000226 |journal=Desalination |language=en |volume=174 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002 |bibcode=2005Desal.174....1M |issn=0011-9164|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McGinnis |first1=Robert L. |last2=Elimelech |first2=Menachem |date=2007-03-10 |title=Energy requirements of ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis desalination |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916407000367 |journal=Desalination |language=en |volume=207 |issue=1 |pages=370–382 |doi=10.1016/j.desal.2006.08.012 |bibcode=2007Desal.207..370M |issn=0011-9164|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Shaffer 271–284">{{Cite journal |last1=Shaffer |first1=Devin L. |last2=Werber |first2=Jay R. |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Humberto |last4=Lin |first4=Shihong |last5=Elimelech |first5=Menachem |date=2015-01-15 |title=Forward osmosis: Where are we now? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916414005542 |journal=Desalination |series=State-of-the-Art Reviews in Desalination |language=en |volume=356 |pages=271–284 |doi=10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.031 |bibcode=2015Desal.356..271S |issn=0011-9164|url-access=subscription }}</ref> has also impacted the water industry. The development of the FO process resulted in new commercial activity, as evidenced by the large number of FO patents and companies.<ref name="Shaffer 271–284"/>
===Advancing the field of membrane science=== Elimelech provided molecular level understanding of fouling phenomena, which led to the development of fouling mitigation techniques.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hong |first1=Seungkwan |last2=Elimelech |first2=Menachem |date=1997-09-03 |title=Chemical and physical aspects of natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of nanofiltration membranes |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738897000604 |journal=Journal of Membrane Science |language=en |volume=132 |issue=2 |pages=159–181 |doi=10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00060-4 |issn=0376-7388|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vrijenhoek |first1=Eric M |last2=Hong |first2=Seungkwan |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |date=2001-06-30 |title=Influence of membrane surface properties on initial rate of colloidal fouling of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738801003763 |journal=Journal of Membrane Science |language=en |volume=188 |issue=1 |pages=115–128 |doi=10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00376-3 |issn=0376-7388|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Qilin |last2=Elimelech |first2=Menachem |date=2004-09-01 |title=Organic Fouling and Chemical Cleaning of Nanofiltration Membranes: Measurements and Mechanisms |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es0354162 |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=38 |issue=17 |pages=4683–4693 |doi=10.1021/es0354162 |pmid=15461180 |bibcode=2004EnST...38.4683L |issn=0013-936X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He introduced the concept of cake-enhanced osmotic pressure<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hoek |first1=Eric M. V. |last2=Elimelech |first2=Menachem |date=2003-12-01 |title=Cake-Enhanced Concentration Polarization: A New Fouling Mechanism for Salt-Rejecting Membranes |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es0262636 |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=37 |issue=24 |pages=5581–5588 |doi=10.1021/es0262636 |pmid=14717167 |bibcode=2003EnST...37.5581H |issn=0013-936X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and biofilm-enhanced osmotic pressure<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Herzberg |first1=Moshe |last2=Elimelech |first2=Menachem |date=2007-05-31 |title=Biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes: Role of biofilm-enhanced osmotic pressure |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738807001123 |journal=Journal of Membrane Science |language=en |volume=295 |issue=1 |pages=11–20 |doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.024 |issn=0376-7388|url-access=subscription }}</ref> as important mechanisms for water flux decline in salt-rejecting membranes, such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. He developed theories and models for concentration polarization in membrane separations, providing analytical expressions for predicting water flux.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Elimelech |first1=Menachem |last2=Bhattacharjee |first2=Subir |date=1998-07-08 |title=A novel approach for modeling concentration polarization in crossflow membrane filtration based on the equivalence of osmotic pressure model and filtration theory |journal=Journal of Membrane Science |language=en |volume=145 |issue=2 |pages=223–241 |doi=10.1016/S0376-7388(98)00078-7 |issn=0376-7388|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Song |first1=Lianfa |last2=Elimelech |first2=Menachem |date=1995-01-01 |title=Theory of concentration polarization in crossflow filtration |url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1995/ft/ft9959103389 |journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions |language=en |volume=91 |issue=19 |pages=3389–3398 |doi=10.1039/FT9959103389 |issn=1364-5455|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Professor Elimelech and collaborators also provided a mechanistic understanding of salt transport in reverse osmosis membranes, introducing the solution-friction model to describe the coupled transport of salt and water in reverse osmosis membranes.<ref name="Wang 16665–16675">{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Li |last2=Cao |first2=Tianchi |last3=Dykstra |first3=Jouke E. |last4=Porada |first4=Slawomir |last5=Biesheuvel |first5=P. M. |last6=Elimelech |first6=Menachem |date=2021-12-21 |title=Salt and Water Transport in Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Beyond the Solution-Diffusion Model |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=55 |issue=24 |pages=16665–16675 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.1c05649 |pmid=34879196 |issn=0013-936X|doi-access=free |bibcode=2021EnST...5516665W }}</ref> He has shown that the five-decades solution-diffusion mechanism for water transport in reverse osmosis membranes is fundamentally flawed.<ref name="Wang 16665–16675"/> He has shown that water transport in reverse osmosis membranes is governed by a pore flow mechanism driven by a pressure gradient within the membrane, not by a concentration gradient of water as proposed by the solution-diffusion model. This finding has implications for the design of next-generation reverse osmosis desalination membranes.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Levy |first=Max G. |title=Everyone Was Wrong About Reverse Osmosis—Until Now |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/everyone-was-wrong-about-reverse-osmosis-until-now/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
===Advancing the field of particle filtration and aggregation=== Elimelech co-authored the book ''Particle Deposition & Aggregation: Measurement, Modeling and Simulation.''<ref>{{Cite book |title=Particle Deposition & Aggregation |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780750670241/particle-deposition-and-aggregation |access-date=2023-07-07 |isbn=978-0-7506-7024-1 |language=en |last1=Elimelech |first1=Menachem |year=1998 }}</ref> Elimelech advanced the understanding of the transport of colloidal particles and microbial pathogens in subsurface porous media.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ryan |first1=Joseph N |last2=Elimelech |first2=Menachem |date=1996-02-20 |title=Colloid mobilization and transport in groundwater |journal=Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects |series=A collection of papers presented at the Symposium on Colloidal and Interfacial Phenomena in Aquatic Environments |language=en |volume=107 |pages=1–56 |doi=10.1016/0927-7757(95)03384-X |issn=0927-7757}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Redman |first1=Jeremy A. |last2=Walker |first2=Sharon L. |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |date=2004-03-01 |title=Bacterial Adhesion and Transport in Porous Media: Role of the Secondary Energy Minimum |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es034887l |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=1777–1785 |doi=10.1021/es034887l |pmid=15074689 |bibcode=2004EnST...38.1777R |issn=0013-936X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The paramount role geochemical heterogeneity in the form of iron oxide coatings on mineral grains was introduced, verified in laboratory and field experiments, and incorporated in transport models.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Philip R. |last2=Sun |first2=Ning |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |date=1996-10-01 |title=Colloid Transport in Geochemically Heterogeneous Porous Media: Modeling and Measurements |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es960053%2B |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=30 |issue=11 |pages=3284–3293 |doi=10.1021/es960053+ |bibcode=1996EnST...30.3284J |issn=0013-936X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> With Nathalie Tufenkji, Elimelech developed a predictive equation for particle removal in granular filtration, which is applicable to deep-bed filtration in water treatment, riverbank filtration, and transport of particles in subsurface environments. This equation, commonly referred to as the Tufenkji and Elimelech equation,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tufenkji |first1=Nathalie|author1-link=Nathalie Tufenkji |last2=Elimelech |first2=Menachem |date=2004-01-01 |title=Correlation Equation for Predicting Single-Collector Efficiency in Physicochemical Filtration in Saturated Porous Media |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es034049r |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=529–536 |doi=10.1021/es034049r |pmid=14750730 |bibcode=2004EnST...38..529T |issn=0013-936X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> has become textbook material and has been widely used in academia, industry, and government agencies.
===Applications of nanomaterials to develop water filtration systems=== Elimelech addressed challenges in water filtration and supply through the engineered application of nanomaterials. Specifically, he demonstrated the incorporation of nanomaterials into membrane technologies for fouling control, performance enhancement, and energy savings,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Perreault |first1=François |last2=Tousley |first2=Marissa E. |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |date=2014-01-14 |title=Thin-Film Composite Polyamide Membranes Functionalized with Biocidal Graphene Oxide Nanosheets |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ez4001356 |journal=Environmental Science & Technology Letters |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=71–76 |doi=10.1021/ez4001356 |bibcode=2014EnSTL...1...71P |issn=2328-8930|url-access=subscription }}</ref> as well as the development of point-of-use filters for virus removal and inactivation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Brady-Estévez |first1=Anna S. |last2=Kang |first2=Seoktae |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |date=2008-03-27 |title=A Single-Walled-Carbon-Nanotube Filter for Removal of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.200700863 |journal=Small |language=en |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=481–484 |doi=10.1002/smll.200700863|pmid=18383192 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Notable among his works is the demonstration and elucidation of the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation by carbon nanotubes<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=Seoktae |last2=Pinault |first2=Mathieu |last3=Pfefferle |first3=Lisa D. |author-link3=Lisa Pfefferle |last4=Elimelech |first4=Menachem |date=2007-08-01 |title=Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Exhibit Strong Antimicrobial Activity |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la701067r |journal=Langmuir |language=en |volume=23 |issue=17 |pages=8670–8673 |doi=10.1021/la701067r |issn=0743-7463 |pmid=17658863|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=Seoktae |last2=Herzberg |first2=Moshe |last3=Rodrigues |first3=Debora F. |last4=Elimelech |first4=Menachem |date=2008-07-01 |title=Antibacterial Effects of Carbon Nanotubes: Size Does Matter! |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la800951v |journal=Langmuir |language=en |volume=24 |issue=13 |pages=6409–6413 |doi=10.1021/la800951v |pmid=18512881 |issn=0743-7463|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and graphene oxide,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Perreault |first1=François |last2=de Faria |first2=Andreia Fonseca |last3=Nejati |first3=Siamak |last4=Elimelech |first4=Menachem |date=2015-07-28 |title=Antimicrobial Properties of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Why Size Matters |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5b02067 |journal=ACS Nano |language=en |volume=9 |issue=7 |pages=7226–7236 |doi=10.1021/acsnano.5b02067 |pmid=26091689 |issn=1936-0851|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lu |first1=Xinglin |last2=Feng |first2=Xunda |last3=Werber |first3=Jay R. |last4=Chu |first4=Chiheng |last5=Zucker |first5=Ines |last6=Kim |first6=Jae-Hong |last7=Osuji |first7=Chinedum O. |last8=Elimelech |first8=Menachem |date=2017-11-14 |title=Enhanced antibacterial activity through the controlled alignment of graphene oxide nanosheets |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=114 |issue=46 |pages=E9793–E9801 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1710996114 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=5699062 |pmid=29078354 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017PNAS..114E9793L }}</ref> which was later applied to membranes and water filtration.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Faria |first1=Andreia F. |last2=Liu |first2=Caihong |last3=Xie |first3=Ming |last4=Perreault |first4=Francois |last5=Nghiem |first5=Long D. |last6=Ma |first6=Jun |last7=Elimelech |first7=Menachem |date=2017-03-01 |title=Thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes functionalized with graphene oxide–silver nanocomposites for biofouling control |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738816306305 |journal=Journal of Membrane Science |language=en |volume=525 |pages=146–156 |doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.040 |hdl=10453/124916 |issn=0376-7388|hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Elimelech also demonstrated that nanotechnology can offer solutions to water problems facing the developing world. Elimelech and his group developed a multiwalled carbon nanotube filter for the removal and inactivation of pathogenic viruses and bacteria from polluted waters.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vecitis |first1=Chad D. |last2=Schnoor |first2=Mary H. |last3=Rahaman |first3=Md. Saifur |last4=Schiffman |first4=Jessica D. |last5=Elimelech |first5=Menachem |date=2011-04-15 |title=Electrochemical Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Filter for Viral and Bacterial Removal and Inactivation |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es2000062 |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=45 |issue=8 |pages=3672–3679 |doi=10.1021/es2000062 |pmid=21388183 |bibcode=2011EnST...45.3672V |issn=0013-936X}}</ref> The carbon nanotube filter demonstrated complete removal of bacteria by sieving and over 99.99% removal and inactivation of viruses by depth-filtration.
===Steering the membrane community to the right path=== Elimelech has steered the membrane community to more relevant research that has direct impact on industry and humanity.<ref name="Lee 714–722">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Boreum |last2=Wang |first2=Li |last3=Wang |first3=Zhangxin |last4=Cooper |first4=Nathanial J. |last5=Elimelech |first5=Menachem |date=2023-03-15 |title=Directing the research agenda on water and energy technologies with process and economic analysis |journal=Energy & Environmental Science |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=714–722 |doi=10.1039/D2EE03271F |s2cid=256540117 |issn=1754-5706|doi-access=free }}</ref> He was the first to point out that research on ultrahigh water permeability reverse osmosis membranes will have negligible impact on energy consumption in desalination.<ref name="Elimelech 712–717"/> Elimelech has shown that increasing water-salt selectivity (or salt rejection) would be much more beneficial.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Werber |first1=Jay R. |last2=Deshmukh |first2=Akshay |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |date=2016-04-12 |title=The Critical Need for Increased Selectivity, Not Increased Water Permeability, for Desalination Membranes |journal=Environmental Science & Technology Letters |language=en |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=112–120 |doi=10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00050 |issn=2328-8930|doi-access=free |bibcode=2016EnSTL...3..112W }}</ref> Elimelech demonstrated the relative insignificance of advanced materials in enhancing the energy efficiency of desalination technologies, while proposing more effective materials-based and process-level research directions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Patel |first1=Sohum K. |last2=Ritt |first2=Cody L. |last3=Deshmukh |first3=Akshay |last4=Wang |first4=Zhangxin |last5=Qin |first5=Mohan |last6=Epsztein |first6=Razi |last7=Elimelech |first7=Menachem |date=2020-06-19 |title=The relative insignificance of advanced materials in enhancing the energy efficiency of desalination technologies |journal=Energy & Environmental Science |language=en |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=1694–1710 |doi=10.1039/D0EE00341G |s2cid=216050051 |issn=1754-5706|doi-access=free }}</ref> In addition to seawater desalination, Elimelech established the sweet spots for electrodialysis and reverse osmosis in brackish water desalination.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Patel |first1=Sohum K. |last2=Biesheuvel |first2=P. Maarten |last3=Elimelech |first3=Menachem |date=2021-05-14 |title=Energy Consumption of Brackish Water Desalination: Identifying the Sweet Spots for Electrodialysis and Reverse Osmosis |journal=ACS ES&T Engineering |language=en |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=851–864 |doi=10.1021/acsestengg.0c00192 |s2cid=234190641 |issn=2690-0645|doi-access=free }}</ref> Elimelech developed performance metrics for processes for harvesting energy from salinity gradient (blue energy), showing that such processes are viable only for very high salinity waters, much more than seawater.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Li |last2=Wang |first2=Zhangxin |last3=Patel |first3=Sohum K. |last4=Lin |first4=Shihong |last5=Elimelech |first5=Menachem |date=2021-03-23 |title=Nanopore-Based Power Generation from Salinity Gradient: Why It Is Not Viable |journal=ACS Nano |language=en |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=4093–4107 |doi=10.1021/acsnano.0c08628 |pmid=33497186 |s2cid=231770075 |issn=1936-0851|doi-access=free }}</ref> The conclusions of these studies and other related research had direct impact on funding agencies, thus directing research funds to more relevant research.<ref name="Lee 714–722"/>
==Awards and honors== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year !! Award !! Awarding body !! Notes !! class="unsortable" | Ref |- | 1989 || Environmental Engineering and Chemistry Graduate Student Award || American Chemical Society || Division of Environmental Chemistry || <ref name=":8" /> |- | 1990 || Research Initiation Award || National Science Foundation || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=NSF Award Search: Award # 9009233 - Transport of Colloids in Ground Water: A Chemical-ColloidalApproach |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9009233&HistoricalAwards=false |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=www.nsf.gov}}</ref> |- | 1994 || Engineering Teaching Excellence Award || W. M. Keck Foundation || || <ref name=":8" /> |- | 1996 || Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize || American Society of Civil Engineers || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prizes Past Award Winners |url=https://www.asce.org/career-growth/awards-and-honors/walter-l-huber-civil-engineering-research-prizes/walter-l-huber-civil-engineering-research-prizes-past-award-winners |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.asce.org |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | 2002 || Outstanding Publication Award || Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors || With Charles O'Melia || <ref name="AEESP Foundation"/> |- | rowspan="2" | 2004 || Excellence in Review Award || ''Environmental Science & Technology'' || || <ref name=":8" /> |- | Graduate Mentor Award || Yale University || || <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Graduate Mentor Award {{!}} Graduate Student Assembly |url=https://gsa.yale.edu/graduate-mentor-award |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=gsa.yale.edu}}</ref> |- | 2005 || Athalie Richardson Irvine Clarke Prize || National Water Research Institute || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Clarke Prize Laureates {{!}} National Water Research Institute |url=https://www.nwri-usa.org/past-clarke-prize-laureates |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Mysite |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2006 || Frontier of Research Award || Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=AEESP Foundation |url=https://aeespfoundation.org/awards/frontier-research |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=AEESP Foundation |language=en}}</ref> |- | Elected membership || National Academy of Engineering || || <ref name=":2" /> |- | 2007 || Elected membership || Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Connecticut Academy of Science & Engineering - Member public profile |url=https://casemembers.wildapricot.org/Sys/PublicProfile/5119835/1086086 |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=casemembers.wildapricot.org}}</ref> |- | 2008 || Lawrence K. Cecil Award in Environmental Chemical Engineering || The American Institute of Chemical Engineers || || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-28 |title=Lawrence K. Cecil Award in Environmental Chemical Engineering |url=https://www.aiche.org/community/awards/lawrence-k-cecil-award-environmental-chemical-engineering |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.aiche.org |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2009 || World Class University Professor || Korea University || || <ref name=":8" /> |- | Distinguished Visiting Fellowship || Royal Academy of Engineering || At the University of Edinburgh || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Awardees |url=https://raeng.org.uk/programmes-and-prizes/programmes/international-programmes/distinguished-international-associates/awardees |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=raeng.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2010 || Liza Cariaga-Lo Faculty Award for Diversity in Scholarship and Service || Yale University || || <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Elimelech Awarded for Excellence in Advancing Diversity |url=https://seas.yale.edu/news-events/news/elimelech-awarded-excellence-advancing-diversity |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2011 || The Simon W. Freese Environmental Engineering Award and Lecture || American Society of Civil Engineers || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simon W. Freese Environmental Engineering Award & Lecture Past Award Winners |url=https://www.asce.org/career-growth/awards-and-honors/simon-w-freese-environmental-engineering-award-and-lecture/simon-w-freese-environmental-engineering-award-and-lecture-past-award-winners |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.asce.org |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 || Outstanding Publication Award || Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors || With Amy Childress|| <ref name="AEESP Foundation"/> |- | Super Reviewer Award || ''Environmental Science & Technology'' || || <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schnoor |first=Jerald L. |date=2012-11-06 |title=Environmental Science & Technology Presents the 2012 Excellence in Review Awards |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=46 |issue=21 |pages=11485–11486 |doi=10.1021/es3040279 |issn=0013-936X|doi-access=free |bibcode=2012EnST...4611485S }}</ref> |- | Postdoctoral Mentoring Prize || Yale University || || <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Gonzalez |first=Susan |date=2012-06-08 |title=Prize-winning mentor Menachem Elimelech encourages a life of balance |url=https://news.yale.edu/2012/06/08/prize-winning-mentor-menachem-elimelech-encourages-life-balance |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=YaleNews |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2012–present || Highly Cited Researcher || Clarivate (Web of Science) || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Highly Cited Researchers |url=https://clarivate.com/highly-cited-researchers/ |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=Clarivate |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2014 || Charles R. O'Melia Distinguished Educator Award || Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=AEESP Foundation |url=https://aeespfoundation.org/awards/distinguished-educator |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=AEESP Foundation |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 2015 || Eni Award: Protection of the Environment Prize || Eni || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elimelech Receives 2015 Eni Award |url=https://seas.yale.edu/news-events/news/elimelech-receives-2015-eni-award |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science |language=en}}</ref> |- | Distinguished Scholar || Chinese Academy of Sciences || Formerly known as "Einstein Professorship" || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Menachem Elimelech from Yale University Visits YIC----Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences |url=http://english.yic.cas.cn/ns/icn/201507/t20150730_150999.html |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=english.yic.cas.cn}}</ref> |- | Elected Fellow || Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=AEESP Fellows |url=https://www.aeesp.org/awards/fellows |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP) |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2016 || Distinguished Lecturer || Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors || 2016-17 academic year || <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=AEESP Foundation |url=https://aeespfoundation.org/distinguished-lecture-series/previous-lecturers |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=AEESP Foundation |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2017 || Elected membership || Chinese Academy of Engineering || || <ref name=":3" /> |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 || Outstanding Publication Award || Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors || With Nathalie Tufenkji || <ref name="AEESP Foundation">{{Cite web |title=AEESP Foundation |url=https://aeespfoundation.org/awards/outstanding-publication |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=AEESP Foundation |language=en}}</ref> |- | Fulbright Scholar || Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs || At Ben Gurion University || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Menachem Elimelech {{!}} Fulbright Scholar Program |url=https://fulbrightscholars.org/grantee/menachem-elimelech |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=fulbrightscholars.org}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2021 || Perry L. McCarty AEESP Founders' Award || Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=AEESP Foundation |url=https://aeespfoundation.org/awards/founders |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=AEESP Foundation |language=en}}</ref> |- | Elected membership || Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Twenty-seven top innovators honoured by Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering |url=https://www.atse.org.au/news-and-events/article/atse-new-fellows-2021/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=ATSE |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" | 2022 || Outstanding Achievements in Environmental Science and Technology Award || American Chemical Society || || <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zimmerman |first1=Julie |last2=Brooks |first2=Bryan |date=2022-01-04 |title=The 2022 Outstanding Achievements in Environmental Science & Technology Award: The Americas Region |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.1c08578 |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |language=en |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.1c08578 |pmid=34979807 |bibcode=2022EnST...56....1Z |s2cid=245671065 |issn=0013-936X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> |- | Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water: Alternative Water-Resources Prize || Sultan bin Abdulaziz || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=PSIPW Announces Winners For Its 10th Award (2022) - PSIPW Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water- جائزة الأمير سلطان بن عبد العزيز العالمية للمياه |url=https://www.psipw.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2985:psipw-announces-winners-for-its-10th-award-2022&catid=43&lang=en&Itemid=157 |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.psipw.org}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Elected membership || Canadian Academy of Engineering || || <ref name="cae-acg.ca"/> |- | National Academy of Engineering of Korea || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=NAEK The National Academy of Engineering of Korea |url=https://www.naek.or.kr/home_eng/content.asp?page_no=010401&Lang_type=E |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=www.naek.or.kr}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 || Honorary doctorate || Ben-Gurion University || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ben-Gurion University of the Negev - BGU Bestows Honorary Doctorates on Chelsea Clinton, Elyakim Rubinstein and Other Luminaries |url=https://in.bgu.ac.il/en/pages/news/ondocs_board2023.aspx |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=in.bgu.ac.il}}</ref> |- | Membrane Technology Award || International Water Association (IWA) || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Menachem Elimelech receives the 2023 IWA MTSG Membrane Technology Award |url=https://iwa-network.org/news/menachem-elimelech-receives-the-2023-iwa-mtsg-membrane-technology-award/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=International Water Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2024 || Connecticut Medal of Technology || Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering || || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-06 |title=Menachem Elimelech & ARKA Group, LP, Awarded 2024 CT Medals of Technology |url=https://ctcase.org/menachem-elimelech-arka-group-awarded-2024-connecticut-medals-technology/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | 2024 || Laureate Distinguished Fellow || International Engineering and Technology Institute (IETI) || || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-26 |title=IETI Laureate Distinguished Fellow|url=https://www.ieti.net/pro/memberdetail.aspx?ID=1072}}</ref> |- | 2025 || Sydney Loeb Award || European Desalination Society || || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-16 |title= Sydney Loeb Award|url=https://news.rice.edu/news/2025/rice-professor-menachem-elimelech-receives-sidney-loeb-award-groundbreaking-work-water}}</ref> |- |2025 |Distinguished Scholar |Membrane Society of Australasia | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSA Distinguished Scholars |url=https://www.membrane-australasia.org/msadistinguishedscholars |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=MSA |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2026 || Honorary Professor || Tsinghua University || || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-13 |title= Tsinghua University|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/3XUocOaabcwYL1rG4JRH8g}}</ref> |- | 2026 || Honorary Professor || Tongji University || || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-13 |title= Tongji University|url=https://news.tongji.edu.cn/info/1003/93340.htm}}</ref>
|}
== Mentoring of graduate students and postdocs == Elimelech has advised 58 PhD students and 56 postdoctoral researchers. In recognition of his excellence and dedication in teaching and mentoring, he received the W. M. Keck Foundation Engineering Teaching Excellence Award in 1994, the Yale University Graduate Mentoring Award in 2004,<ref name=":5" /> and the Yale University Postdoctoral Mentoring Prize in 2012.<ref name=":4" />
Several of his advisees have won awards for their dissertations: * Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Award<ref name=":7" /> (Doctoral Student Eric M.V. Hoek) (2002) * American Water Work Association (AWWA) First Place Best Doctoral Dissertation Award<ref name=":8" /> (Doctoral Student Nathalie Tufenkji) (2006) * American Water Work Association (AWWA), First Place Best Doctoral Dissertation Award<ref name=":8">{{cite thesis|url=https://elimelechlab.yale.edu/system/files/cv-elimelech-august-2022.pdf|title=Curriculum Vitae: Menachem Elimelech|publisher=Menachem Elimelech}}</ref> (Doctoral Student Meagan Mauter) (2012) * Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Award<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=AEESP Foundation |url=https://aeespfoundation.org/awards/jacobs-outstanding-doctoral-dissertation |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=AEESP Foundation |language=en}}</ref> (Doctoral Student Ngai Yin Yip) (2015) * Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Award (Doctoral Student Cody L. Ritt)<ref name=":6" /> (2023)
== Visiting professorships == * California Institute of Technology, 1996 * Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), 1997 * National University of Singapore, 2001, 2002 * Korea University, 2009, 2010 * University of Edinburgh, 2009 * Ben-Gurion University, Israel, 2019
== Representative advisory boards and committees == * Scientific Advisory Board, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University, Israel, (2003-2020) * National Academies Committee on Advancing Desalination Technologies (2006-2008) * External Review Committee, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, (2010) * National Academies (Institute of Medicine) Committee on Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure (2010-2013) * Scientific Advisory Board, Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) (2010-2016) * Chair, Scientific Advisory Board, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, KAUST (2012-2016) * External Review Committee, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (2016) * External Review Committee, Wetsus, European center of excellence for sustainable water technology, The Netherlands (2017) * Scientific Advisory Board, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Morocco (2020–present) * External Advisory Council, Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University (2021–present)
==References== <references />
==External links== *[https://cee.rice.edu/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rice] *[https://chbe.rice.edu/ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Rice] *[https://engineering.rice.edu/ George R. Brown School of Engineering and Computing at Rice] *[https://profiles.rice.edu/faculty/menachem-elimelech Professor Menachem Elimelech's webpage at Rice]
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