Port Adelaide

{{other uses|Port Adelaide (disambiguation)}} {{Use Australian English|date=December 2012}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} {{Infobox Australian place | type = suburb | name = Port Adelaide | native_name = Yertabulti | city = Adelaide | state = sa | image = [[File:Port Adelaide montage 2.jpg|300px]] | caption = '''Clockwise, from top:''' [[Port Adelaide Lighthouse]] and [[Fishermen's Wharf Market]], [[Hart's Mill]], [[Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin|Port River Dolphin]], [[Alberton Oval]], [[Birkenhead Bridge]], Wool Stores | lga = City of Port Adelaide Enfield | postcode = 5015 | local_map=yes | zoom = 12 | local_map_id=Q3908652 | pop = | pop_year = | pop_footnotes = | pop2 = | pop2_year = | pop2_footnotes = | area = | est = 1836 | stategov = [[Electoral district of Port Adelaide|Port Adelaide]]<ref name=ECSA>{{cite web|title=Electoral district profiles – Port Adelaide (2018–2022 boundaries) |url=https://www.ecsa.sa.gov.au/electoral-districts/electoral-district-profiles?view=article&id=850:port-adelaide |publisher=Electoral Commission SA|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref> | fedgov = [[Division of Hindmarsh|Hindmarsh]]<ref name=AEC>{{cite web|title=Profile of the electoral division of Hindmarsh (SA)|url=https://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/sa/hindmarsh.htm |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref>

| near-nw = [[Taperoo, South Australia|Taperoo]] | near-n = [[Torrens Island, South Australia|Torrens Island]] | near-ne = [[Garden Island, South Australia|Garden Island]] | near-e = [[Gillman, South Australia|Gillman]] | near-se = [[Rosewater, South Australia|Rosewater]] | near-s = [[West Lakes, South Australia|West Lakes]] [[Queenstown, South Australia|Queenstown]] [[Alberton, South Australia|Alberton]] | near-sw = [[Semaphore Park, South Australia|Semaphore Park]] | near-w = [[Largs North, South Australia|Largs North]] [[Largs Bay, South Australia|Largs Bay]] [[Peterhead, South Australia|Peterhead]] [[Birkenhead, South Australia|Birkenhead]] [[New Port, South Australia|New Port]] [[Glanville, South Australia|Glanville]] [[Ethelton, South Australia|Ethelton]] | dist1 = 14 | location1 = [[Adelaide city centre|Adelaide CBD]] |footnotes=Adjoining suburbs<ref name=PLB>{{cite web |title=Search result for " Port Adelaide (SUB)" (Record no SA0040448) with the following layers selected – "Suburbs and Localities" |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/# |work=Property Location Browser |publisher=Government of South Australia |access-date=18 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010923/http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/ |archive-date=12 October 2016 }}</ref> }}

'''Port Adelaide''' is a port-side region of [[Adelaide]], approximately {{convert|14|km|mi|1}} northwest of the [[Adelaide city centre|Adelaide CBD]]. It is also the namesake of the [[City of Port Adelaide Enfield]] council, a suburb, a federal and state electoral division and is the main [[port]] for the city of Adelaide. Port Adelaide played an important role in the formative decades of [[Adelaide]] and [[South Australia]], with the port being early Adelaide's main supply and information link to the rest of the world. Its [[Kaurna]] name, although not officially adopted as a [[dual naming|dual name]], is '''Yertabulti'''.

== History == {{Further|History of Adelaide|Port River#History}} Prior to [[European settlement of South Australia|European settlement]] Port Adelaide was covered with [[Avicennia marina|mangrove]] swamps and tidal mud flats, and lay next to a narrow creek.<ref name="adv1911">{{cite news |date=29 April 1911 |title=The Port of Adelaide. A Busy City. A Story of Progress. |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5270333  |work=The Advertiser |page=[https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page957473 7] |publication-place=Adelaide, South Australia |via=[[Trove]] |volume=LIII |issue=16391}}</ref> At this time, it was inhabited by the [[Kaurna people]], who occupied the [[Adelaide Plains]], the [[Barossa Valley]], the western side of the [[Fleurieu Peninsula]], and northwards past [[Snowtown]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Map(s) of Kaurna Country|website=Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi | publisher=[[The University of Adelaide]] | url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/kwp/language/map/ | access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref> The Kaurna people called the Port Adelaide area 'Yertabulti',<ref name=pinning>{{Cite book| chapter = Chapter 10. Pinning down Kaurna names: Linguistic issues arising in the development of the Kaurna Placenames Database | last1 = Amery | first1 = Rob | last2 = Buckskin | first2 = Vincent (Jack) Kanya | title = The Land is a Map: Placenames of Indigenous Origin in Australia | editor1-last = Hercus | editor1-first = Luise | editor2-last = Hodges | editor2-first = Flavia | editor3-last = Simpson | editor3-first = Jane | publisher = ANU Press | chapter-url = https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p286811/pdf/ch101.pdf | url = https://press.anu.edu.au?p=29191 | date = March 2009 | page = 206 | isbn = 978-1-921536-57-1}} [https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p286811/html/ch10.xhtml?referer=&page=13 Another link to Ch. 10.]</ref><ref>[https://www.kaurnaplacenames.com/index.php Kaurna Place Names] State of South Australia, the Kaurna Tappa Iri Regional Agreement Steering Group and Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi. Retrieved 26 February 2024. </ref> and the whole estuarine area of the [[Port River]].<ref name=estuarycare>{{cite web | title=Barker Inlet and Port River Estuary| website=[[Estuary Care Foundation]] | url=https://www.estuary.org.au/the-estuary/ | access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref>

The entrance to this creek, the Port River, was first reported by Europeans in 1831. It was explored by Europeans when Captain Henry Jones entered in 1834.<ref>Parsons (1986), p.18.</ref> The creek's main [[Channel (geography)|channel]] was then fed by numerous smaller creeks, and was {{convert|2|-|4|fathom|m|0}} deep.<ref>Parsons (1997), p.8.</ref> The navigable channel was narrow and the creek soon faded into swamps and sandhills. At low tide the channel was surrounded by mudbanks.<ref>Parsons (1986), p.32.</ref> Dry and solid land ended near present-day [[Alberton, South Australia|Alberton]].<ref name="parsons1997–38" />

=== 1836: Deciding on Adelaide's port === Colonel [[William Light]] began closely exploring the area in late 1836, while deciding on a site for the colony of South Australia's [[port]].<ref>Parsons (1997), p.5</ref> After initial trepidation, he reported to the [[Colonisation Commissioners for South Australia|Colonisation Commissioners]] that the location was a suitable harbour. By this time it had acquired the name "the port creek".<ref>Parsons (1986), p.20.</ref> Light's choice of separating the port and [[Adelaide city centre|city of Adelaide]] was strongly opposed by a few merchants, a newspaper and Governor [[John Hindmarsh]]. This opposition was largely based on the distance between them. The division of power in the colony meant that the final decision was Light's alone. He kept Adelaide and the port separate principally due to the lack of fresh water at the port.<ref>Parsons (1997), pp.11,34.</ref>

=== 1837: Port Creek Settlement === {{Panorama |image = File:Port Adelaide SLNSW FL1033095.jpg |height = 230 |width =  |alt = Port Adelaide, South Australia, 1847, by William Anderson Cawthorne |caption = Port Adelaide, South Australia, 1847, by William Anderson Cawthorne |dir =  |align = }} The effective foundation day of Port Adelaide was 6 January 1837. On this day the first [[harbourmaster]], Captain [[Thomas Lipson]] (Royal Navy), took up residence with his family on the edge of Port Creek. The new port was used for shipping later that month, and passengers began disembarking the next. At this point the site was known as ''The Port Creek Settlement''.<ref>Parsons (1997), pp.11–13.</ref>

When founded, the port's land was just higher than the surrounding tidal flats; at [[high tide]] the port could be rowed around.<ref name="Passages39" /> The port had a significant problem—reported in letters from Light and complaints to the Governor from ship owners—of a lack of a fresh water supply.<ref>Parsons (1997), pp.14–16.</ref> At first the river was not used for larger ships. They had to land at [[Holdfast Bay]] until the port was charted.<ref>Parsons (1997), p.10.</ref> This early port was plagued by [[mosquito]]es, was a comparative long distance from Adelaide, had few amenities and had a risk of inundation when the tide was very high. By 1840 it had acquired the name "Port Misery"; the name was widely used in news reports.<ref name="Sydney1840" /><ref>{{cite news|work=The Advertiser|pages=8–9|title=Personal|date=26 October 1910}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2024|reason=pp. 8 and 9 of the Wed 26 Oct 1910 issue of The Advertiser are available on Trove at http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page947474 and http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page947475, but I'm having trouble finding the relevant article on these pages; the article in The Sydney Herald does support the name "Port Misery" but does not appear to mention mosquitoes}} It was first coined in a book credited to T. Horton James, probably a pseudonym, and comes from a line stating:<ref>Parsons (1997), pp.19–20.</ref> {{cquote|This is Port Adelaide! Port Misery would be a better name; for nothing in any other part of the world can surpass it in every thing that is wretched and inconvenient.}}

[[File:Port Adelaide 1846.jpg|250px|thumb|[[George French Angas]], ''Port Adelaide'', 1846, [[State Library of South Australia]]]] The original drawings of Adelaide City Plan by Light show that he envisaged a canal (sea communication) between Port Adelaide and the City of Adelaide. The canal was not built; it would have required a massive investment that was not available at the time. A plan of a proposed "Grand Junction Canal" between Adelaide and the North Arm, by engineer [[Edward Snell (engineer)|Edward Snell]] was produced in 1851, with an exhibition of his "A Bird's Eye View of the Country Between Adelaide and the North Arm", showing the proposed canal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38452809 |title=POLICE COURT.—PORT ADELAIDE. |newspaper=[[South Australian Register]] |location=Adelaide |date=6 September 1851 |access-date=23 March 2014 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

By early 1838, large vessels could only get as far as the end of Gawler Reach (near the current [[Birkenhead Bridge]]). Arrivals had to use smaller boats, traverse the mangrove swamps at low tide and climb sandhills to reach the road to Adelaide.<ref>Parsons (1997), p.21.</ref> A [[canal]] for the loading of sailing ships was constructed in 1838, and town acreages nearby [[Surveying|surveyed]] and sold. By the years end deficiencies of the canal were clear. The canal was dry for most of the day and cargo movement very slow.<ref>Parsons (1997), pp.22–23.</ref> Seagoing ships had to stop some distance from the settlement due to the mudbanks. Cargo and passengers covered the remaining distance in ships' boats. All had to traverse 2–300 m of swamps after landing to reach sandhills, and eventually the road to Adelaide.<ref name=parson1988p33>Parsons (1986), p.33.</ref> The new port's first maritime casualty was the migrant ship ''Tam O'Shanter'' that ran aground on the outer sand bar. Later a small waterway in the port was named after the ship; the waterway later became the Port Adelaide Canal.<ref>Parsons (1997), p.9.</ref>

=== 1840–1860: Finalisation of wharf locations === [[File:Port Dock excavations, Port Adelaide, South Australia, 1879.jpeg|250px|thumb|Excavation of the Port Dock at Port Adelaide, 1879]] The port's initial location was intended to be temporary. The location for a proper port was chosen by Governor [[George Gawler]], between the original settlement and the Governor's preferred location at the junction of the North Arm and the Port River. One reason for the chosen site was Gawler's instructions on leaving England to limit expenditure; the North Arm site would have required more transport infrastructure and [[Land reclamation|reclamation]] work.<ref>Parsons (1997), p.36.</ref> Gawler awarded a tender allowing the [[South Australian Company]] to construct a private [[wharf]], again partly to limit government expenditure. Along with the wharf they were to construct a warehouse and roadway. The roadway was to be a {{convert|100|ft|m|0}} wide and run from the port to dry land, a distance of approximately {{convert|1|mi|km|1}}. This first wharf was built near the end of the modern Commercial Road.<ref>Parsons (1997), p.37.</ref>

The wharf, known as McLaren Wharf, was finished in 1840 and named after [[David McLaren (colonial manager)|David McLaren]], company manager of the South Australian Company. McLaren Wharf was {{convert|336|ft}} long and {{convert|15|ft}} deep at low tide.<ref name="p1997.40-41">Parsons (1997), pp.40–41</ref> Contrary to usual practice, it was allowed to be built at the low water mark, which made construction simpler.<ref name="parsons1997–38" /> The wharf, warehouse and road were opened by Governor Gawler in October 1840. The opening procession from the old port to the new included over 1,000 people; then the largest assembly of colonists to date. The procession included 600 horsemen and 450 vehicles, almost all of the colony's wheeled transportation.<ref name="Passages39">Parsons (1986), p.39</ref> At the opening a parcel was ceremonially landed from the [[barque]] ''Guiana''.<ref>Parsons (1997), p.39.</ref> Upon opening, the port could accommodate vessels up to {{convert|530|LT|0}}.<ref name="Sydney1840">{{cite news |date=7 November 1840 |title=Opening of the new port |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12866391  |access-date=2024-11-19 |work=The Sydney Herald |page=[https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page1524405 3] |via=[[Trove]] |volume=X |issue=1083 |agency=S. A. Register}} Reproduced from the start of: {{Cite news |date=October 17, 1840 |title=Opening of the new port |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27441924 |access-date=2024-11-19 |work=The South Australian Register |page=[https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page2049932 2] |publication-place=Adelaide |via=[[Trove]] |volume=III |issue=143}}</ref> In May 1841 [[John Hill (explorer)|John Hill]] became the original holder of the land grant for all the land south of St Vincent Street, reaching to Tam O'Shanter Creek (later the Port Canal), comprising 134 acres and known as Section 2112.<ref>South Australian Land Titles Office Register Book 21, Folio 361</ref> Much of this land was a tidal mangrove swamp, being reclaimed by successive owners over many decades.

During reclamation work, the ground level was raised by approximately {{convert|9|ft|m|0}}, with mud and silt from [[dredging]] work.<ref name="adv1911" /> Early houses had their ground floors below the now raised ground level; some had steps built down from road level. The Port Admiral Hotel's original ground floor now forms part of its basement. The last major reclamation was of the Glanville Reserve in 1892.<ref name="parsons76">Parsons (1986), p.76.</ref>

By the mid-1840s, with increasing trade, the wharves proved insufficient and some more private wharves were constructed.<ref name="p1997.40-41" /> During the late 1850s the state of the dry and dusty plain, between Adelaide and Port Adelaide, led to the pejorative terms "Dustholia" and "Mudholia" in summer and winter.<ref>Parsons (1986), p.67.</ref>

=== 1860–1970: Port Adelaide's heyday === In 1874 the Port Adelaide Institute began construction of its new headquarters which opened to much fanfare two years later providing the organisation a place to house a library and provide a reading room, museum, lecture hall and classrooms for the area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunter |first=James |title=Port Adelaide Institute |url=https://sahistoryhub.history.sa.gov.au/organisations/port-adelaide-institute |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241119201102/https://sahistoryhub.history.sa.gov.au/organisations/port-adelaide-institute/ |archive-date=19 November 2024 |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=SA History Hub |publisher=History Trust of South Australia |language=en |department=Organisations }}</ref>

[[Gas lighting|Gas]] [[street light]]ing was erected by the local council in 1881. The town received its first electric lighting in January 1889, lit with the colony's first town supply from a powerhouse in Nile Street.<ref name="pubs17">Reynolds (2002), p.17.</ref> By 1876 it was estimated that there were 5,000 living in 500 houses. More measured figures were 3,013 residents recorded in the 1881 census and 5005—living in approximately 1000 houses—recorded in the 1891 census.<ref name="parsons83">Parson (1986), p.83.</ref> By 1911 the port was the State's second largest city and had a population over half that of Adelaide city.<ref name="adv1911" />

Due to the presence of the Jewish community at the time the east side of Todd Street became known colloquially as "Jerusalem" or "Little Jerusalem".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article195871817 |title=No Title |newspaper=[[Port Adelaide News]] |volume=VI |issue=450 |location=South Australia |date=30 November 1883 |access-date=12 September 2021 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pfeiffer|first=Christina|date=3 June 2007|title=Take a walk on the Port side|work=The Age|url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/take-a-walk-on-the-port-side-20070603-gdqa1t.html|access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> Beginning in the 1880s a strong Scandinavian community lived in Port Adelaide largely due to their affiliation with sea-faring trades.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Koivukangas|first=Olavi|title=Scandinavian Immigration and Settlement in Australia Before World War II|publisher=The Australian National University|year=1972|location=Australia|page=170}}</ref> In 1883 the Port Adelaide Caledonian Society was founded and continues to this day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Port Adelaide Caledonian Society Inc. {{!}} Non-Profit Organization {{!}} Australia|url=http://epage.at/portadelaidecaledoniansocietyi|access-date=2021-09-13|website=ePage.at|language=en}}</ref> In the 1880s during Christmas Chinese lanterns were hung around Port Adelaide.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article197807435 |title=PORT ADELAIDE. |newspaper=[[Evening Journal (Adelaide)|Evening Journal]] |volume=XVI |issue=4864 |location=South Australia |date=26 December 1884 |access-date=13 September 2021 |page=3 (SECOND EDITION) |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

A significant part of Port Adelaide’s early 20th-century industrial base was fertiliser and chemicals. In 1882 [[Robert Burns Cuming]] founded the [[Adelaide Chemical Works]] at [[Torrensville|New Thebarton]], which expanded production of sulphuric acid and superphosphate and, in 1900, established a second plant at Port Adelaide. Bulk phosphate rock consignments began arriving in 1901, supporting larger-scale manufacture for South Australian wheat and pastoral districts. In 1904 the enterprise was registered as the Adelaide Chemical and Fertilizer Company Limited by 1917 output was reported at around 45,000 tons per year. The Port Adelaide operations later formed part of mergers and rationalisations in the fertiliser trade during the mid-20th century, including linkages to [[Cuming Smith]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.westtorrens.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/objective-digitalpublications/external-website/publications/adelaide-chemical-works-local-history-industry-information.pdf |title=Adelaide Chemical Works – Local History Industry Information |publisher=City of West Torrens |access-date=7 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://images.heritage.vic.gov.au/attachment/5336 |title=Cuming Smith & Co. – Industrial Heritage Citation |publisher=Heritage Victoria |access-date=7 September 2025}}</ref>

During the rest of the 1800s harbour facilities expanded and the town grew. It gained an impressive range of commercial and institutional buildings. Many have survived, resulting in Port Adelaide having one of the best concentrations of [[Australian non-residential architectural styles|colonial buildings]] in South Australia. Their significance was recognised in May 1982, when a sizeable part of the town centre was declared a State Heritage Area.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/heritage/shas/sha_portadelaide.html |access-date=1 February 2010 |publisher=Government of South Australia |author=Department of Environment and Heritage |title=Port Adelaide State Heritage Area |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227100419/http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/heritage/shas/sha_portadelaide.html |archive-date=27 February 2010}}</ref>

The construction of the [[Outer Harbor, South Australia|Outer Harbor]] took place at the beginning of the 20th century, accommodating larger ships and reducing the time needed to sail up the Port River to the inner harbour.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Todd |first=Adam |date=16 January 2008 |title=Historic berth |work=Portside Messenger |publisher=Nationwide News Pty. Ltd. |page=13 |edition=1st |id=MPS-20080116-1-013-649934. [[Factiva]] [https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&NS=16&an=PORMES0020080118e41g0000c&drn=drn%3aarchive.newsarticle.PORMES0020080118e41g0000c&cat=a&ep=ASI PORMES0020080118e41g0000c]}}</ref> In the 1920s and 1930s the first wharf was removed or disappeared<ref name="parsons1997–38">Parsons (1997), p.38.</ref> and the Port Adelaide wharves underwent a significant reconstruction programme, changing the face of the inner harbour's waterfront.

{{Gallery |width=250 |height=250 |Port_Adelaide_Institute.png |In 1876 the Port Adelaide Institute moved into its new headquarters on the corner of Commercial Road and Nile Street |Adelaide Type A2 tram 42 in St Vincent Street, Port Adelaide, 21 Feb 1919 (SLSA B 5518).jpg |A tram on St Vincent Street, 1919 |Queens Wharf, Port Adelaide, before 1927.jpeg |Loading cargo onto ships at Queen's Wharf, circa 1927 |Admiralty Chart No 1750 Port Adelaide, Published 1876, Large Corrections 1942.jpg |Nautical chart showing the inner and outer Harbours about 1942 }}

=== 1970–2010: Economic slowdown === [[File:Aerial view of KMart shopping centre, Port Adelaide, 1986.jpg|250px|thumb|Aerial view of Kmart, 1986. Throughout the 1980s the popularity of the suburb had declined, and it was little more than a commercial precinct for its adjacent suburbs.]] The introduction of [[containerisation]] in the 1960s had a major impact on the Port, changing cargo handling methods and significantly reducing the size of the local workforce.

Compounding the effect of a declining workforce on business activity, competition for shoppers arrived in the form of regional shopping centres. Up until the 1960s the Port had been second only to Adelaide as a shopping and commercial precinct. The opening of shopping centres in nearby suburbs led to a general decline in retail turnover.<ref name="Samuels">Samuels (1987)</ref> Activity in the suburb has declined significantly from its heyday, leaving parts empty and derelict. Historic buildings were closed and sometimes [[vandalism|vandalised]], shops in the main streets were left empty and boarded up.

Redevelopment of the waterfront was first publicly discussed in 1975. Over the following years, plans and costs were proposed and discussed but most lapsed without action.

By 2002, the "Newport Quays" consortium was the government's preferred bidder for a $1.2 billion project to cover {{convert|51|ha}} of underused land.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infolink.com.au/n/Port-Adelaide-redevelopment-plans-unveiled-n755049|title=Port Adelaide redevelopment plans unveiled|date=5 August 2002|publisher=Reed Business Information|access-date=7 February 2010}}{{dead link|date=November 2016|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The development was unveiled in 2003 and land sales began two years later. This development was stated to be worth $1.5 billion and would comprise 2000 homes, construction of which would create 4000 jobs.

In 2004 Premier Mike Rann announced that a dolphin sanctuary would be established in the Port River and Barker Inlet covering 118 square kilometres, the first "urban" dolphin sanctuary in the world. In 2005 the ''[[Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary|Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Act]]'' was enacted.<ref>This was cited as just "ABC News" [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=628762396&oldid=621759117&title=Port_Adelaide in October 2014]. Relevant articles include: * {{Cite news |date=3 December 2003 |title=Draft Port River sanctuary bill open for public consultation |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |id=[[Factiva]] [https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&NS=16&an=ABCNEW0020031203dzc30000c&drn=drn%3aarchive.newsarticle.ABCNEW0020031203dzc30000c&cat=a&ep=ASI ABCNEW0020031203dzc30000c]}} * {{Cite news |date=2 October 2004 |title=SA welcomes Labor's dolphin sanctuary plans |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |id=[[Factiva]] [https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&NS=16&an=ABCNEW0020041002e0a200003&drn=drn%3aarchive.newsarticle.ABCNEW0020041002e0a200003&cat=a&ep=ASI ABCNEW0020041002e0a200003]}} * {{Cite news |last=Haxton |first=Nance |date=27 February 2008 |others=People speaking: Mark Colvin, Phil Doddridge, Nance Haxton (in Adelaide), Les Drayton, Kathryn Warhurst (spokeswoman) |title=Boaties asked to slow down after dolphin deaths Police beg boaties to slow down after dolphin deaths |work=ABC Transcripts |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |id=[[Factiva]] [https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&NS=16&an=ABCTRS0020080227e42r000ba&drn=drn%3aarchive.newsarticle.ABCTRS0020080227e42r000ba&cat=a&ep=ASI ABCTRS0020080227e42r000ba]}} </ref>

By 2006 Newport Quays was being criticised for its poor planning for a residential development,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/timeline-of-the-development/story-e6frea6u-1111114431331|title=Timeline of the development|last=Fewster|first=Sean|date=16 September 2007|publisher=News Limited|work=The Advertiser|access-date=7 February 2010}}</ref> criticism that continued with each stage of the project. By early 2007, two stages of the now $2 billion development were under construction, or nearing completion, and the third's plans submitted; The plans included provision for a 100-berth [[marina]] and one building built over the water.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/property/news/new-face-of-the-port/story-e6frefgc-1111114515718|title=New face of the Port|last=Hoyle|first=Rhiannon|date=29 September 2007|publisher=News Limited|work=The Advertiser|access-date=7 February 2010}}</ref> By 2008 reports showed the resale value of some properties in the developments were under the initial cost. The local council estimated that less than half of finished properties were occupied.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/port-redevelopment-off-quay/story-e6frea83-1111117428804|title=Investors losing money as issues plague next stage|last=Wheatley|first=Kim|date=8 September 2008|publisher=News Limited|work=The Advertiser|access-date=7 February 2010}}</ref>

In October 2009 it was named, by the [[National Trust of Australia]], as one of the country's most at risk heritage sites. A lack of people living in, and travelling to, Port Adelaide is seen as the major cause of this decline.<ref name="toolate">{{cite news|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/is-it-too-late-to-save-the-port/story-e6freo8c-1225790608443|title=Is it too late to save the Port?|date=23 October 2009|publisher=News Limited|work=The Advertiser|author=Wheatley Kim |author2=Lloyd Tim |access-date=6 February 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111007035909/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/is-it-too-late-to-save-the-port/story-e6freo8c-1225790608443|archive-date= 7 October 2011}}</ref>

=== 2010 – present: Port Adelaide renaissance === [[File:HMAS Hobart under construction April 2015.JPG|thumb|250px|{{HMAS|Hobart|DDGH 39|6}} under construction by ASC at Osborne on the [[Port River]].]] In February 2010 Premier Mike Rann opened the $400 million Techport naval construction hub at [[Osborne, South Australia|Osborne]] (next to the [[ASC Pty Ltd|Australian Submarine Corporation]]'s facility) to underpin the development of the Navy's $8 billion [[Hobart-class destroyer|Air Warfare Destroyer]] program and other naval construction projects. Techport features the largest ship lift in the Southern Hemisphere.

In 2015–16 Quest Hotel Consortium built a $25 million apartment building on the corner of McLaren Wharf and the Birkenhead Bridge.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theurbandeveloper.com/quest-commitment-shape-changing-face-port-adelaide/|title=Quest Hotel Construction Kicks Off in Port Adelaide|date=2015-09-22|newspaper=TheUrbanDeveloper.com|access-date=2017-02-08|language=en-US}}</ref>[[File:Port Adelaide Plaza Night.jpg|alt=|thumb|250px|The [[Port Adelaide Plaza]] cost $45m to build and opened in 2019.]]In 2016 it was announced that Starfish Developments and Cedar Woods had won tenders to develop 23ha of vacant waterfront land in the inner Port Adelaide harbour with total investment exceeding $1 billion.<ref name="Subscribe to The Advertiser">{{Cite web|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/port-adelaide-master-plan-revealed-new-townhouses-shops-cafes-cinema-on-the-waterfront/news-story/f0371c9879280f021102dd951fd83b1b|title=Subscribe to The Advertiser|website=www.adelaidenow.com.au|access-date=2017-02-09}}</ref> The development was later renamed Fletcher's Slip after a nearby historic landmark.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tauriello|first=Giuseppe|date=9 September 2021|title=Mapped: New Adelaide housing developments fast-tracked to meet soaring demand {{!}} Here are 30 of the biggest projects|work=The Advertiser|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/business/mapped-new-adelaide-housing-developments-fasttracked-to-meet-soaring-demand-here-are-30-of-the-biggest-projects/news-story/e8b9416fe087a0b1a9689a03b8408a95|access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> In 2016 the Federal Government announced that DCNS had won the tender to build 12 submarines for the Royal Australian Navy in a $50 billion deal, with construction taking place in Port Adelaide.<ref name="Subscribe to The Advertiser" /> In 2016 the South Australian State Government indicated it is interested in re-establishing the tram network from the [[City of Adelaide|City]] to Port Adelaide, with links to [[Outer Harbor, South Australia|Outer Harbor]] and [[Semaphore, South Australia|Semaphore]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Subscribe to The Advertiser|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/new-tram-routes-proposed-for-adelaide/news-story/6baac6d954b1606ac03fc97be4a88284|access-date=2017-02-09|website=www.adelaidenow.com.au}}</ref> [[File:Port_Adelaide,_Commercial_Road,_Restaurants,_12_September_2019.jpg|right|thumb|250px| East side of Commercial Road in 2019, showing (L to R) Argo's Hellenic Cafe Restaurant (Greek), Miss Viet Kitchen (Vietnamese), and Carmine and Co (Italian)]] In 2017 developer EPC Pacific began construction of a $38 million office tower on Nelson Street in Port Adelaide that will house public servants.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/messenger/west-beaches/plans-revealed-for-38m-state-government-office-tower-in-port-adelaide/news-story/0a7d135a044743ad6354f17d38180c3f|title=Sweeping 6-level, $38m office block for Port Adelaide|access-date=2017-02-09}}</ref> In 2021 this building was purchased by Centuria for $63 million.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tauriello|first=Giuseppe|date=8 September 2021|title=Centuria acquires Port Adelaide offices for $63m|work=The Australian|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/centuria-acquires-port-adelaide-offices-for-63m/news-story/7c4637d6929caa19537fddcbac03bcf8|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> In 2017 the Port Admiral Hotel was reopened after a $1m redevelopment. It is one of the oldest buildings in Port Adelaide built in 1849. In 2017 Daniella Guevera from [[Mexico City]] opened La Popular Taqueria in Port Adelaide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Now Open: An Authentic Taqueria Moves into Port Adelaide|url=https://www.broadsheet.com.au/adelaide/food-and-drink/article/la-popular-taqueria-opens-port-adelaide|access-date=2021-09-13|website=Broadsheet|language=en}}</ref>

In 2018, Pirate Life Breweries announced it would be relocating in Port Adelaide into a $15m refurbished warehouse.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-13/pirate-life-eyes-port-adelaide-for-new-brewing-site/9442996|title=Pirate Life eyes new brewing site at Port Adelaide|date=2018-02-13|work=ABC News|access-date=2018-02-16|language=en-AU}}</ref> In 2018, [[Precision Group]] began the redevelopment of the Port Canal Shopping Centre as [[Port Adelaide Plaza]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/messenger/west-beaches/say-goodbye-to-the-old-port-canal-as-work-begins-on-45m-upgrade/news-story/8057bb4386c6098dc8cffbf3c73c415a?nk=0919473e02cd312e1f039c298f674621-1538639670|title=Port Canal's 45m Makeover Kicks Off|date=13 June 2018|work=The Advertiser|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

In January 2020 the first instance of a house to selling for $1 million in the suburb of Port Adelaide was recorded.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Port Adelaide records first $1 million house sale - realestate.com.au|url=https://www.realestate.com.au/news/port-adelaide-records-first-1-million-house-sale/|access-date=2021-09-13|website=www.realestate.com.au|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, the first residents moved in to new townhomes constructed as part of Starfish's Dock One development. Once completed, Dock One will comprise approximately 650 new homes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dock One's First Resident Collects the Keys to Their New Home|url=https://www.dockone.com.au/news/dock-ones-first-resident-collects-the-keys-to-their-new-home|access-date=2020-09-11|website=Dock One|language=en}}</ref> In 2020 the Port Adelaide Pirates Soccer Club moved to their new home on the Peninsula after $9.2 million in investments for the Taperoo sports complex.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-18|title=$9.2m: What it costs to turn old school into soccer HQ|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/messenger/west-beaches/cost-of-transforming-old-taperoo-primary-school-site-into-a-soccer-complex-blows-out-by-28-million-to-92-million/news-story/6dfd86c844cdc35dae77e3b4c7383f98|access-date=2021-09-13|website=adelaidenow|language=en}}</ref>

In 2021 the Newmarket Hotel in Port Adelaide was purchased for $4 million.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thompson|first=Paula|date=20 May 2021|title=Port Adelaide's Newmarket Hotel sells to interstate buyer for $4m|work=The Advertiser|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/messenger/west-beaches/port-adelaides-newmarket-hotel-sells-to-interstate-buyer-for-4m/news-story/d483d62ee58c75235a35313f2e449824}}</ref>

== Heritage buildings == [[File:Lipton_Street,_Port_Adelaide.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Lipson Street]] Port Adelaide is known for its well preserved 19th-century pubs and hotels, reflecting the area's maritime history in catering to the sailors of trading ships.

=== Streetscapes === During the rest of the 1800s harbour facilities expanded and the town grew. It gained an impressive range of commercial and institutional buildings. Many have survived, resulting in Port Adelaide having one of the best concentrations of [[Australian non-residential architectural styles|colonial buildings]] in South Australia. Their significance was recognised in May 1982, when a sizeable part of the town centre was declared a State Heritage Area.<ref name=":0" />

Prominent [[South Australia]]n architect [[F. Kenneth Milne]] designed a woolstore for [[Goldsbrough Mort & Co.]] sometime before 1929.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129114375 |title=Home Plots and Houses |newspaper=[[News (Adelaide)]] |volume=XII |issue=1,795 |location=South Australia |date=17 April 1929 |access-date=22 April 2024 |page=10 (Home edition) |via=National Library of Australia}} </ref>

===Town Hall=== The Port Adelaide Enfield Council Offices building, designed by [[Christopher Arthur Smith]] and built as Port Adelaide Town Hall in 1939,<ref>{{cite web | title=Architect Details: Christopher (Chris) Arthur | website=Architects of South Australia|publisher=[[University of South Australia]] | url=https://www.architectsdatabase.unisa.edu.au/arch_full.asp?Arch_ID=39 | access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref> was [[heritage-listed]] on the [[South Australian Heritage Register]] on 24 July 1980.<ref>{{cite web | title=Port Adelaide Enfield Council Offices (Former Port Adelaide Town Hall) | website=SA Heritage Places Database Search| url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=1776 | access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref>

=== Pubs and hotels === {| class="wikitable" align="right" ! colspan="2" |List of hotels and pubs in Port Adelaide<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.portenf.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/VIC_HeritagePubTrail_LR_250213.pdf|title=Port Heritage Pub Trail|access-date=19 October 2015|archive-date=11 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311013710/http://www.portenf.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/VIC_HeritagePubTrail_LR_250213.pdf}}</ref> |- |Port Admiral Hotel |1849 |- |Birkenhead Riverview Tavern |1877 |- |The British Hotel |1847 |- |Dockside Tavern |1850 |- |First Commercial Inn |1841 |- |The Lighthouse Hotel |1857 |- |Newmarket Hotel |1879 |- |Port Anchor Hotel |1873 |- |Port Dock Brewery Hotel |1855 |- |Railway Hotel |1856 |- |Royal Arms Hotel |1878 |} [[File:RailwayHotelPortAdelaide.JPG|thumb|250px|The Railway Hotel, opposite the site of the original [[Port Dock railway station|Port Adelaide Railway Station]] ]] The earliest recorded hotel was the Port Hotel. It opened in 1838, two years before the port was officially declared.<ref name="Pubs5">Reynolds (2002), p.5.</ref> Three years later the First Commercial Inn opened. It has the longest licensing history in the suburb, though discontinuous. It did not trade for 12 years following a fire in 1857.<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.19.</ref>

The British Hotel is the longest continually licensed. It opened 1847 as a single storey building, and was rebuilt with two further storeys in 1876 for then-owner [[Henry Ayers]]. The [[Lion Nathan#South Australian Brewing Company|South Australian Brewing Company]] acquired it in 1937. It was known from c. 1907–1952 as "McGraths British Hotel".<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.11.</ref> Dockside Tavern is one of the few [[Victorian architecture|Late Victorian]] style buildings remaining in the Port. It was opened as the Britannia Hotel in 1850 then was rebuilt on site in 1898, in contemporary style. It was renamed as the Dockside Tavern in 2002.<ref name="pubs17" /> The Golden Port Tavern is on the corner of Vincent and Robe Streets. On this site the [[Carpenter Arms|Carpenters' Arms]] Tavern opened in late 1850. The Arms burned down in 1865 and was replaced with the current hotel, then known as The Globe. The hotel's name was changed to the current one in 1981.<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.21.</ref>

Black Diamond Square—named after the Black Diamond Hotel—is the main intersection of Port Adelaide, at the north end of Commercial Road. The hotel was designed by Adelaide architect William Wier. It opened as the White Horse Cellars Inn in 1851, with an integral 600 seat theatre. Parts of the building were used for an early [[Freemasonry|freemason]] hall, library and the Port Adelaide Institute. It was renamed as the Family Hotel in 1876, then as the Black Diamond Hotel c. 1878. This last name came from the Black Diamond Line shipping company. From 1866 to 1883 Cannon brand beer was [[brewing|brewed]] in the hotel. The building was converted to retail shops in 1884 and the Central Hotel erected on the south side.<ref>Reynolds (2002), pp. 9,41.</ref>

Port Dock Brewery hotel won business awards as best hotel and restaurant in 2001. It was built in 1855 and opened as the Dock Hotel. The current building structure results from an 1883 rebuild, with stone from [[Dry Creek (South Australia)|Dry Creek]] near [[Yatala Labour Prison]]. The Hotel lost its licence in 1909, after a 1906 Opinion Vote. The building was renovated, part of it converted into a small brewery, and reopened as a hotel in 1986.<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.29.</ref> Railway Hotel opened in 1856 opposite the new [[Port Dock railway station|Port Adelaide railway station]], a month before the line to Adelaide was opened. The hotel retains many original features including [[leadlight]] windows and an 1890s glass [[fanlight]].<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.35.</ref> [[File:Peter_Sagan,_Port_Admiral_Hotel,_Port_Adelaide,_2018,_16_Jan.png|thumb|[[Peter Sagan]] standing in front of the Port Admiral Hotel at the start of the [[2018 Tour Down Under]] ]]

Two six-roomed houses were built on the corner of Cannon Street and Church Place in 1873. They were converted into a single building and opened as the Kent Hotel in 1875. The building's exterior was restyled in [[Art Deco]] fashion in the 1940s and the interior of the hotel completely renovated in the 1990s. It is now known as the Port Anchor Hotel.<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.43.</ref>

Brunswick Pier Hotel was on the corner of Vincent and Robe Streets. It opened in 1878 in what had been a [[butcher]]'s shop. The hotel lost its licence in 1909, along with other hotels, after an opinion poll resulted in a reduction of the number of licences. After this the building was used as a furniture shop and a butcher's shop. During the 1920s it became a [[pharmacy]] specialising in photographic materials and "Kirby's Calcarea Teething Powders". Medical suites were leased upstairs. It was bought by Birks Chemists in 1946, and remained a pharmacy until 1996. From then to at least 2001 the building was vacant.<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.13.</ref>

On the corner of Dale street is a building that was opened by the Port Adelaide Market Company in 1879, divided into shops, offices and stalls. Part of the building was later adapted to make a 17-room hotel, the Newmarket.<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.25.</ref> Colac Hotel, on Ocean Steamer's Road, opened in 1881. It was built opposite the then No. 1 Dock, alongside the 1879 extension to the South Australian Company basin. The hotel has had strong ties to both the [[Australian Labor Party]] and the union movement. Both former Prime Minister [[Bob Hawke]] and local Member of Parliament [[Mick Young]] used to talk to workers at the pub. Mick Young owned the pub from 1988 to 1990 and as of 2002 it was owned by the Labor Party.<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.15.</ref>

From 1838 to 1906, sixty differently named hotels had been run on 38 different sites within Port Adelaide.<ref name="Pubs5" /> A local opinion poll was held in Port Adelaide and other Adelaide districts in February 1906, on the subject of liquor licensing. Port Adelaide voters supported the [[Temperance movement|Temperance]] Party's platform, reducing the number of licences by a third. Fifteen hotels and three wine licences expired on 25 March 1909 and were not renewed.<ref>Reynolds (2002), p.44.</ref>

== Geography == [[File:Port Adelaide aerial view.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Port Adelaide|250x250px]]

=== Port River === {{main|Port River}} The Port River, known officially as the Port Adelaide river,<ref name=PLB-PA>{{cite web|title=Search result for "Port Adelaide River (STRM)" (Record no SA0040455) with the following layers being selected – "Suburbs and Localities", "Local Government Areas" and "Place names (gazetteer)"|url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/#|work=Property Location Browser|publisher=Government of South Australia|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010923/http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/|archive-date=12 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=PLB-portriver>{{cite web|title=Search result for "Port River (STRM)" (Record no SA0040456) with the following layers being selected – "Suburbs and Localities", "Local Government Areas" and "Place names (gazetteer)"|url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/#|work=Property Location Browser|publisher=Government of South Australia|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010923/http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/|archive-date=12 October 2016}}</ref> is home to a resident population of [[bottlenose dolphin]]s. The Port River's inner harbor near West Lakes and seaward from Lipson Reach feature dense stands of [[Grey mangrove]]s which provide habitat for hundreds of species of marine, avian and insect life.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Port Adelaide River, Barker Inlet & West Lakes|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/port-adelaide-river-barker-inlet-west-lakes|access-date=2020-12-15|website=iNaturalist|language=en}}</ref> The Port River is an important recruitment area for Blue swimmer crabs, Western king prawns and other commercially important species. The river also features established colonies of a wide variety of introduced marine organisms which originally arrived in South Australia in or on ships. Over 30 introduced marine species have so far been identified in the river.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Introduced Species in the Port River & West Lakes|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/introduced-species-in-the-port-river-west-lakes|access-date=2020-07-13|website=iNaturalist|language=en}}</ref>

Port Adelaide is bound by the Port River and Inner Harbour to the north and west, and by Webb Street and [[Grand Junction Road, Adelaide|Grand Junction Road]] to the south. The main strip of Port Adelaide is along St Vincent Street, with a residential area to the south of the train station along Commercial Road and Webb Street. Recent residential development has occurred along the waterfront promenade.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

Port Adelaide is a [[tide|tidal]] port, with several [[shipping berth]]s along the length of the estuary.<ref>{{cite web | title=Port Adelaide | website=Flinders Ports | url=https://www.flindersports.com.au/ports-facilities/port-adelaide/ | access-date=22 November 2020 | archive-date=18 September 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918155626/https://www.flindersports.com.au/ports-facilities/port-adelaide/ }}</ref>

=== Parks === Port Adelaide has many parks. The most recent is a $2 million refurbishment of the Hart's Mill precinct at Port Adelaide, opened in May 2014. Hart's Mill, Mundy Street, Port Adelaide SA 5015, Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://playandgo.com.au/index.php/harts-mill-playground-fun-at-the-port/|title=Hart's Mill Playground|website=Play and Go|date=31 July 2014 |access-date=8 October 2016}}</ref>

== Markets == Port Adelaide is home to various markets including the Torrens Island Food Market and the [[Fishermen's Wharf Market]] which is housed in Shed 1, the last remaining Wharf Shed in the inner Port Adelaide harbour. In December 2016 the Fisherman's Wharf Market building was scheduled to be demolished for the construction of apartments and a public plaza.<ref>{{cite web| last1=Pisani| first1=Ashleigh| title=Hans Ehmann's plan to demolish Port Adelaide's Fishermen's Wharf Market for $200m development|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/messenger/west-beaches/hans-ehmanns-plan-to-demolish-port-adelaides-fishermens-wharf-market-for-200m-development/news-story/277b4dd85ada09cdc39abad6e613a9d0|website=The Advertiser|access-date=13 October 2017|date=2 December 2016}}</ref> The Markets where closed in August/September 2022.<ref>[https://fishermenswharfmarkets.com/ Fisherman's Wharf Market ]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ans5LiYjNUA | title=Final Day - Fisherman's Wharf Markets, Port Adelaide | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>

== Culture and education== Port Adelaide is traditionally a [[working-class]] area, which stemmed from the economic activity the wharves produced and the subsequent industry.

=== Progressive movements === [[File:Port Adelaide Workers Memorial, Port Adelaide, 1 May 2021.jpeg|200px|thumb|The [[Port Adelaide Workers Memorial]] pays tribute to various people who have contributed to progressive and reformist social causes.]] Port Adelaide has a longstanding tradition of social reform and progressive movements. Early examples are religious leaders seeking to reduce prostitution and alcoholism amongst wharf workers in the mid-1800s. Later examples are [[Labour movement|union movements]] that fought for better working conditions on the wharf and surrounding industries.

Recently{{when|date=July 2025}} Port Adelaide has had a strong tradition of helping support local Indigenous populations with Kura Yerlo Community Centre and other Indigenous programs. The Port Adelaide Football Club assists to advance the lives of disadvantaged and discriminated indigenous peoples and youth. Significant people involved in these movements are often recognised on the [[Port Adelaide Workers Memorial]] at Black Diamond Corner.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title=100 years of Port Adelaide Workers Memorial 2021|url=https://www.mua.org.au/news/100-years-port-adelaide-workers-memorial-2021|access-date=2021-09-12|website=Maritime Union of Australia|language=en}}</ref> In 2021 the South Australian [[International Workers' Day|May Day celebrations]] took place in Port Adelaide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=May Day in the Port|url=https://festival.history.sa.gov.au/events/may-day-in-the-port/|access-date=2021-09-12|website=South Australia's History Festival|language=en}}</ref>

=== Art === [[File:Porthole_Records,_Port_Art_Supplies,_Ripple_Studios,_Port_Adelaide,_9_January_2016.jpeg|thumb|Ripple Artist Studios building, with long-time tenant Port Art Supplies below, Porthole Records next door]] [[Impressionist]] painter [[Mortimer Menpes]] was born and grew up in Port Adelaide, where his father was a successful businessman.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nunn|first=Louise|date=30 May 2014|title=From Port Adelaide to global fame, then forgotten again|work=The Advertiser|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/lifestyle/sa-weekend/from-port-adelaide-to-global-fame-then-forgotten-again/news-story/061197efacc2e6a125d29c53b811b6b1|access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> Modernist painter [[Margaret Preston]] was born in Port Adelaide and spent the first 10 years of her life in the area while her father worked as a [[Marine engineering|marine engineer]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hylton |first=Jane |date=30 September 2014 |title=Margaret Preston |url=https://sahistoryhub.history.sa.gov.au/people/margaret-preston |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241119201138/https://sahistoryhub.history.sa.gov.au/people/margaret-preston/ |archive-date=19 November 2024 |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=SA History Hub |publisher=History Trust of South Australia |language=en }}</ref>

The diverse subject matter in the Port Adelaide region has proved attractive to painters and artists such as John Giles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Painting of Port Adelaide Sailing Club by John Giles|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/painting-of-port-adelaide-sailing-club-by-john-giles/lgH0uuTlaiimqA|access-date=2021-09-12|website=Google Arts & Culture|language=en}}</ref> During the 1940s John Giles would often be accompanied by friend and fellow artist [[Jeffrey Smart]] whilst working on Port Adelaide maritime paintings.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jenkins, Susan |year=2009 |url=http://www.poant.org/uploads/7/4/9/9/7499352/giles_10pp_exhib_broch_final.pdf |title=Captured on Canvas: John Giles' Port Adelaide 1930–1960 |work=Exhibition catalogue |publisher=[[National Trust of South Australia|Port Adelaide Branch of the National Trust of South Australia]] |access-date=21 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063338/http://www.poant.org/uploads/7/4/9/9/7499352/giles_10pp_exhib_broch_final.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2013 }}</ref>

The Port Adelaide Artists Forum organises events for local artists. Galleries in the area include the Black Diamond Gallery and Gallery Yampu. The Jackalope Studio Gallery serves as a working studio, a showcase for artists and photographers, framing studio and contains a large amount of purchasable art from Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jackalope|url=https://www.jackalope.com.au/|access-date=2021-09-13|website=www.jackalope.com.au}}</ref>

There are several public artworks in Port Adelaide, including Glow / ''Taltaityai'', at the western end of Walter Morris Drive. Sculpted in 2009 by [[Michelle Nikou]] and Jason Milanovic, the [[Phosphorescence|glow-in-the-dark]] sculptures<ref>{{cite book|url=http://images.portenf.sa.gov.au/book/community/PublicArt/Public%20Art%20Guide%20Book/files/assets/basic-html/page8.html|title=Public Art Guide Book|chapter=In the Port|page=8|author=[[City of Port Adelaide Enfield]]}}</ref> of [[ibis]] and [[emu]] are representations of the [[Tjilbruke]] Kaurna [[Dreamtime|Dreaming]] story.<ref>{{cite thesis|title=Phases of Aboriginal Inclusion in the Public Space in Adelaide, South Australia, since Colonisation|first=Gavin Damien Francis|last= Malone|publisher=[[Flinders University]]|date=2012|type=PhD|chapter=Chapter 10: Kaurna Ancestor Being Tjilbruke: Commemorations |page=234 |url=https://theses.flinders.edu.au/view/ae876628-4508-4c12-a442-ad22e8e56fdb/1| access-date=17 November 2020|chapter-url=https://flex.flinders.edu.au/file/ae876628-4508-4c12-a442-ad22e8e56fdb/1/Thesis-Malone-2012-11Chapter10.pdf}}</ref>

The Wonderwalls Festival, which involves international artists using the buildings in the area for [[street art]], attracts around 30,000 visitors to Port Adelaide.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-27|title=This weekend's Wonderwalls street art festival very nearly didn't happen|url=https://citymag.indaily.com.au/culture/this-weekends-wonderwalls-street-art-festival-very-nearly-didnt-happen/|access-date=2021-09-12|website=CityMag|language=en}}</ref>

=== Music === The Hart's Mill precinct is home to various events and festivals, such as [[Adelaide Guitar Festival]] performances.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-25|title=Adelaide Festival Centre flourishing with events in Spring 2021 {{!}} News|url=https://aussietheatre.com.au/news/adelaide-festival-centre-flourishing-with-events-in-spring-2021|access-date=2021-09-12|website=AussieTheatre.com|language=en-AU}}</ref> The largest music festival in Port Adelaide was [[St Jerome's Laneway Festival]], which moved there in 2014,<ref>{{cite web|first1=Kelly|last1=Noble|title=Port Adelaide New Home To St Jermone's Laneway Festival|url=http://www.glamadelaide.com.au/main/port-adelaide-new-home-to-st-jermones-laneway-festival/|website=Glam Adelaide|publisher=Glam Digital Pty Ltd|access-date=2 December 2014|date=3 September 2013|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225058/http://www.glamadelaide.com.au/main/port-adelaide-new-home-to-st-jermones-laneway-festival/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=10 March 2018|title=Friday fun at St Jerome's Laneway Festival|work=The Advertiser|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/st-jeromes-laneway-festival-port-adelaide/image-gallery/c4f10734fe2d06ee328664b212006d95|access-date=12 September 2021| url-access = subscription}}</ref> but {{as of|lc=yes|2025}} takes place in [[Bonython Park]] in the [[Adelaide Park Lands]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Wallace | first=Gracie | title=Brat summer! Laneway Festival 2025 lineup features Charli XCX and more | website=Glam Adelaide | date=12 February 2025 | url=https://glamadelaide.com.au/brat-summer-laneway-festival-2025-lineup-drops-featuring-charli-xcx-and-more/ | access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref>

The Waterside Workers Hall is a venue used for concerts as well as performance art and comedy. Since 1992 and {{as of|2025|lc=y}} it is occupied by [[Vitalstatistix (arts organisation)|Vitalstatistix]] arts organisation.<ref >{{cite web | title=History | website=Vitalstatistix | date=16 January 2025 | url=https://vitalstatistix.com.au/about/history/ | access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=About | website=Vitalstatistix | date=1 August 2024 | url=https://vitalstatistix.com.au/about/ | access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref>

The [[Largs Pier Hotel]] had a history of hosting early Adelaide rock bands. Jimmy Barnes wrote a song after the pub and his experiences playing there.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-05|title=Barnesy honours Largs Hotel with a song|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-05/jimmy-barnes-honours-wild-nights-at-largs-hotel/5723428|access-date=2021-09-12|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU}}</ref> The Port Adelaide region is home to some notable vinyl record stores such as Porthole Records and Mr V Music.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-14|title=A Food and Wine Lover's Guide to Adelaide|url=https://concreteplayground.com/melbourne/travel-leisure/food-wine-lovers-guide-adelaide|access-date=2021-09-12|website=Concrete Playground|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shop Pick: A Crate-Digger's Delight in Semaphore|url=https://www.broadsheet.com.au/adelaide/semaphore/shops/mr-v-music|access-date=2021-09-12|website=Broadsheet|language=en}}</ref>

===Educational and community facilities=== [[Tauondi Aboriginal College]] is located at 1 Lipson Street.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home page|website=Tauondi Aboriginal Community College | url=https://tauondi.sa.edu.au/|access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref>

The Yitpi Yartapuultiku Aboriginal Cultural Centre (known as "Yitpi"), located on the banks of the river, opened on 1 June 2025, with around 11,000 people attending the opening event. Co-designed by architects and [[Australian Aboriginal elder|Aboriginal elder]]s such as [[Lewis O'Brien (Kaurna elder)|Lewis O'Brien]], the centre and its landscaped surrounds were funded by both local government and federal funding. The surrounds are planted with native plants, including mangroves and reeds, and a [[bush food]] garden is planned. It is a place for Kaurna people to gather and share their culture, and the centre will also provide training in hospitality and tourism, as well as classes teaching language, making [[Australian Aboriginal artefacts|artefacts]] and bush foods, and other activities. The inaugural CEO is Lee-Ann Buckskin. ''Yitpi Yartapuultiku'' is [[Kaurna language|Kaurna]] for "The Soul of Port Adelaide".<ref>{{cite web | last=Masters | first=Emma | title=New 'soul of Port Adelaide' Aboriginal culture centre opens | website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] | date=12 July 2025 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-07-12/new-port-adelaide-aboriginal-culture-centre/105511330 | access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref> A naming ceremony for the centre was earlier held on 16 August 2022, which included a [[Welcome to Country]] by Lewis O'Brien and a [[smoking ceremony]] by Michael O'Brien.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Yitpi Yartapuultiku journey | website=Port Adelaide Enfield | date=3 July 2024 | url=https://www.cityofpae.sa.gov.au/about/major-projects/yitpi-yartapuultiku | access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref>

Port Adelaide's diverse subject matter; maritime backdrop; and historic, modern and industrial architecture has made it an attractive location for film and television productions.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Filming Location Matching "Port Adelaide, South Australia, Australia" (Sorted by Popularity Ascending)|url=http://www.imdb.com/search/title/?locations=Port+Adelaide,+South+Australia,+Australia|access-date=2021-09-12|website=IMDb}}</ref>{{better source|date=July 2025}}

Examples of productions that have used Port Adelaide as a filming location include ''[[Mortal Kombat (2021 film)|Mortal Kombat]]'' (2021),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wills|first=Daniel|date=16 September 2019|title=Filming begins on Mortal Kombat movie adaptation in Port Adelaide|work=The Advertiser|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/entertainment/arts/filming-begins-on-mortal-kombat-movie-adaptation-in-port-adelaide/news-story/f9c4c48cac26add473cb1930eabf4558|access-date=12 September 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref> ''[[Escape from Pretoria]]'' (2020), ''[[Wolf Creek (film)|Wolf Creek]]'' (2005), ''[[Gallipoli (1981 film)|Gallipoli]]'' (1981), ''[[Bad Boy Bubby]]'' (1993), ''[[Never Too Late (2020 film)|Never Too Late]]'' (2020), ''[[December Boys]]'' (2007), ''[[Boys in the Trees (film)|Boys in the Trees]]'' (2016), ''[[ANZAC Girls|Anzac Girls]]'' (2014), ''[[Like Minds]]'' (2006), ''[[Oranges and Sunshine]]'' (2010), ''[[Cut (2000 film)|Cut]]'' (2000), ''[[Thunderstruck (2004 film)|Thunderstruck]]'' (2004), ''[[The Flipside of Dominick Hide|The Flip Side]]'' (2018), ''Heaven's Burning'' (1997), ''[[The Time Guardian]]'' (1987), ''[[Dance Me to My Song]]'' (1998), ''[[Black and White (2002 film)|Black and White]]'' (2002), ''[[Look Both Ways (2005 film)|Look Both Ways]]'' (2005), ''[[Playing Beatie Bow (film)|Playing Beatie Bow]]'' (1986), ''[[Freedom (1982 film)|Freedom]]'' (1982), ''[[Golden Fiddles]]'' (1991), ''[[Lust and Revenge|Lust and Revence]]'' (1996), ''[[In a Savage Land]]'' (1999), ''[[Deck Dogz]]'' (2005), ''[[Fever (1989 film)|Fever]]'' (1989), ''[[Call Me Mr. Brown]]'' (1986), ''[[Working Class Boy (film)|Working Class Boy]]'' (2018), ''[[Wrong Side of the Road]]'' (1981), ''[[Here I Am (2011 film)|Here I Am]]'' (2011), ''[[The New Adventures of Black Beauty]]'' (1992), ''[[Ebbtide]]'' (1994), ''[[Sebastian and the Sparrow]]'' (1988), ''[[The Life of Harry Dare]]'' (1995).<ref name=":1" /> ''[[Youth on the March]]'' (2017), ''[[Who Killed Jenny Langby?]]'' (1974), ''[[The Hunter (2008 film)|The Hunter]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Filming Location Matching "Port Adelaide, South Australia, Australia" (Sorted by Popularity Ascending)|url=http://www.imdb.com/search/title/?locations=Port+Adelaide,+South+Australia,+Australia&start=51|access-date=2021-09-12|website=IMDb}}</ref>{{better source|date=July 2025}}

== Sport == Port Adelaide's strong sporting tradition and culture extend into other sports with most clubs using black and white along with the magpie as their club symbols.

=== Sporting clubs === *[[Port Adelaide Athletics Club]] (est. 1870) *Port Adelaide Rowing Club (est. 1877) *Port Adelaide Sailing Club (est. 1897) *[[Port Adelaide Cricket Club]] (est. 1897) *Port Adelaide Cycling Club (est. 1897) *[[Port Adelaide Baseball Club]] (est. 1889)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article208527251 |title=BASEBALL. |newspaper=[[The Express and Telegraph]] |volume=XXVI |issue=7,584 |location=South Australia |date=21 March 1889 |access-date=7 March 2016 |page=4 (Second Edition.) |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> *[[Port Adelaide Pirates|Port Adelaide Pirates (Soccer)]] (est. 1903) *[[Port Adelaide Bowling Club]] (est. 1903) *[[Port Adelaide Rugby Union Club]] (est. 1933) *Port Adelaide District Hockey Club (est. 1934) *Port Adelaide Tennis Club (est. 1973)

=== Port Adelaide Football Club === [[File:PortAdelaide1914.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Port Adelaide Football Club's [[1914 Port Adelaide Football Club season|undefeated 1914 side]]]] {{main|Port Adelaide Football Club}} Port Adelaide is home to the [[Port Adelaide Football Club]], an [[Australian rules football]] team. The club is unique in being the only pre-existing [[Australian rules football]] club from outside [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]] to gain entry into the [[Australian Football League]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.smh.com.au/afl/afl-news/port-to-lobby-for-sanfl-flags-to-count-in-revised-afl-tally-20140626-zsmum.html?deviceType=text| title = Port to lobby for SANFL flags to count in revised AFL tally| date = 26 June 2014}}</ref>

Its headquarters and training facility and home ground for [[South Australian National Football League]] (SANFL) games is [[Alberton Oval]]. Founded in 1870, the club has competed in the SANFL from 1877 until 1996, and in the [[Australian Football League]] AFL since 1997. The club was awarded the second AFL licence in South Australia in doing so becoming the only pre-existing non-Victorian club to gain entry into the competition.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/afl/afl-news/port-to-lobby-for-sanfl-flags-to-count-in-revised-afl-tally-20140626-zsmum.html?deviceType=text|title=Port to lobby for SANFL flags to count in revised AFL tally|last=Cherny|first=Daniel|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2017-02-10|language=en-US}}</ref> It had won 34 SANFL Premierships before its move to the AFL. The club is still represented by its reserves team in the SANFL.

== Governance and politics == === Local governance === The office of the [[City of Port Adelaide Enfield]] is in the Council Chambers in St Vincent Street. The Council area is divided into seven wards that span across 51 suburbs<ref>[http://www.cityofpae.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=2392 City of Port Adelaide Enfield > About Council] Retrieved 28 June 2017.</ref> and the Mayor {{as of|lc=yes |July 2021}} is Claire Boan.<ref name="Port Adelaide Enfield 2020">{{cite web | title=Elected Member Contacts | website=Port Adelaide Enfield | date=17 January 2020 | url=https://www.cityofpae.sa.gov.au/council/our-council/elected-member-contacts | access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref>

=== State politics === Port Adelaide is the namesake of its state electorate and its current elected representative is [[Susan Close]] (Labor).<ref>{{cite web|title=Notional two-party preferred results|url=https://ecsa.sa.gov.au/elections/notional-two-party-preferred-results|publisher=ECSA|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404091101/https://ecsa.sa.gov.au/elections/notional-two-party-preferred-results|archive-date=4 April 2018}}</ref>

=== Federal politics === Up until 2019, Port Adelaide was the namesake of its federal electorate; however, the suburb of Port Adelaide is now under the electorate of [[Division of Hindmarsh|Hindmarsh]] and the current elected representative is [[Mark Butler]] (Labor).<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-18/preselection-plans-to-salvage-mark-butlers-place-in-parliament/10007358 Labor's factions negotiate deal to keep Mark Butler in parliament], ''ABC News'', 18 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2021.</ref>

==Museums==

===National Railway Museum=== {{main|National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide}}

A railway museum was created by rail preservationists, and opened in 1963 on Railway Terrace, [[Mile End, South Australia|Mile End]]. The mostly outdoor exhibits remained on this site until 1988; during this period the {{RailGauge|18 in|first=met|lk=on}} [[Rail gauge|gauge]] steam train known as Bub was built. Involvement of the [[History Trust of South Australia]] and receipt of a $2 million [[Australian Bicentenary|Australian Bicentennial]] Commemorative Grant enabled the museum's relocation to Port Adelaide in 1988. On 10 December of that year the Port Dock Railway Museum was opened by State Premier [[John Bannon]].<ref>Sampson and Offler (2003), p.2.</ref> The museum was sited in the former [[Port Dock railway station]], and retained the "Port Dock" name until 2001 when it was renamed the National Railway Museum.<ref>Sampson and Offler (2003), pp.1–3.</ref> A significant change in 2001 was the opening of the [[Commonwealth Railways]] display pavilion. It was built with the assistance of a grant received under the Federation Grant Scheme; a scheme that commemorated the hundredth anniversary of the [[Federation of Australia]]. The pavilion was officially opened in October by the Honorable [[Peter McGauran]], then Federal Minister for the Arts and the Centenary of Federation.<ref name="S&Op3">Sampson and Offler (2003), p.3.</ref>

[[File:SAR 400 class locomotive no 409.jpg|thumb|South Australian Railways 400 class 4-8-2 steam locomotive no. 409 in front of the Commonwealth Railways Pavilion|alt=Front oblique view of a black steamtrain with a blue-and-white number 409 on the front and a large shed visible behind|250x250px]]

Visitors can ride in historic railway and custom-built narrow gauge carriages. ''Bub'', a 457 mm steam locomotive, and Ken, a 457 mm diesel locomotive, take passengers on a loop track around the two main pavilions. Another 457 mm steam locomotive, ''Bill'', is used for some of the year on a seafront rail line between [[Semaphore, South Australia|Semaphore]] and [[Fort Glanville Conservation Park]].<ref name="Natrailp20">Sampson and Offler (2003), p.20.</ref><ref>[http://www.natrailmuseum.org.au/rides.php National Railway Museum > Train rides] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717031725/http://www.natrailmuseum.org.au/rides.php |date=17 July 2012 }} Accessed 25 July 2012.</ref> ''Peronne'', a [[Australian narrow gauge railways#South Australia|narrow gauge]] steam locomotive, is used for further runs during special events. This locomotive was built in 1919 and used by Broken Hill Associated Smelters at [[Port Pirie]] until 1964.<ref name="Natrailp20" />

The museum is an independent entity, run by [[Volunteering|volunteer]]s and a small paid staff.<ref name="S&Op3" /> It has track and trains representing all three main rail gauges used in South Australia: broad ({{RailGauge|1600mm}}); standard ({{RailGauge|1435mm}}); and narrow ({{RailGauge|1067mm}}).<ref>Sampson and Offler (2003), p.14.</ref> Locomotives and rail stock fill two large display pavilions, and are accompanied by other historic railway related displays. On site is the [[South Australian Heritage Register]] listed Port Dock Goods Shed, the last remaining building from the former railway station. It was built in the 1870s and showcases the wooden construction techniques used by the [[South Australian Railways]] in the 19th century.<ref>Sampson and Offler (2003), p.19.</ref> The museum has a railway-related retail shop, hosts special events including an Annual ''Friends of Thomas'' show. The 1947 cafeteria car, or the entire site, can be hired.<ref>Sampson and Offler (2003), pp.22–23.</ref>

=== South Australian Maritime Museum === [[File:SA Maritime Museum.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The South Australian Maritime Museum is one of Port Adelaide's most significant.]] {{Main|South Australian Maritime Museum}}

On Lipson Street, within a historic warehouse, is the South Australian Maritime Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.sa.gov.au/maritime/about_samm.htm|title=About Us|publisher=Government of South Australia|access-date=1 February 2010|author=History Trust of South Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911233439/http://history.sa.gov.au/maritime/about_samm.htm|archive-date=11 September 2009}}</ref> The Maritime Museum builds on the legacy of previous organisations including the Port Adelaide Institute. The Museum holds in trust, a collection that the Institute founded in 1872 and is now the oldest nautical collection in Australia.

=== ''City of Adelaide'' clipper === {{main|City of Adelaide (1864)}} [[File:City of Adelaide 150th anniversary 3.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[City of Adelaide (1864)|''City of Adelaide'']], now a museum open to the public]] After a 14-year campaign the ''City of Adelaide'' Preservation Trust was successful in its bid to return the historic 1864 clipper ''City of Adelaide'' from Scotland to Port Adelaide, where she finally arrived in the inner harbour on 6 February 2014.<ref>[http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/messenger/west-beaches/historic-clipper-ship-the-city-of-adelaide-moved-for-first-time-in-20-years-ahead-of-trip-to-port-adelaide/story-fni9llx9-1226713310608 Historic clipper ship the ''City of Adelaide'' moved for first time in 20 years ahead of trip to Port Adelaide] ''Portside Messenger'', 6 September 2013. Accessed 10 September 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/opinion/editorial-historic-clipper-ship-city-of-adelaide-should-be-prominently-displayed-at-port-adelaide-to-help-tourism/story-fni6unxq-1226816972379 Historic clipper ship City of Adelaide should be prominently displayed at Port Adelaide to help tourism] Editorial, ''The Advertiser''. 3 February 2014. Accessed 5 February 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/messenger/west-beaches/city-of-adelaide-clipper-finally-finds-safe-harbour/story-fni9llx9-1226819993894 City of Adelaide clipper finally finds safe harbour] ''Portside Messenger''. 6 February 2014. Accessed 7 February 2014.</ref>

The ''City of Adelaide'' has a strong connection with South Australia, to which she made 23 voyages between 1864 and 1886, bringing an estimated 889 passengers who came to settle in South Australia.<ref>[http://cityofadelaide.org.au/250k-descendants.html Clipper Ship ''City of Adelaide'' Limited > 1/4 Million Descendants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221094048/http://cityofadelaide.org.au/250k-descendants.html |date=21 February 2009 }} Accessed 31 July 2012.</ref>

The clipper's hull is being temporarily stored on a barge moored in Dock 1 of the port's inner harbour for the next 6–12 months, until a permanent location is selected and prepared. A major celebration was planned for the ship's 150th anniversary, on 17 May 2014.<ref>[http://cityofadelaide.org.au/support/150th-birthday-community-event.html Clipper Ship 'City of Adelaide' Ltd. > 150th Birthday Community Event] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508063252/http://cityofadelaide.org.au/support/150th-birthday-community-event.html |date=8 May 2014 }} Accessed 13 May 2014.</ref>

=== South Australian Aviation Museum === {{Main|South Australian Aviation Museum}}

[[File:De-Havilland Sea Venom WZ-931 right front.JPG|thumb|DH-22 de Havilland Sea Venom, formerly used aboard {{HMAS|Melbourne|R21|6}}|alt=A green and black de Havilland Sea Venom jet-powered aircraft with wings folded up and "Navy" prominently printed on the fuselage|250x250px]]

The South Australian Aviation Museum is the State's official aviation museum. It is run by an independent non-profit voluntary organisation that is accredited by the History Trust of South Australia. The museum was formed in 1984 at [[Glenelg, South Australia|Glenelg]] and relocated in 1986 to a former Port Adelaide [[Flourmill]]. It relocated again in 1996, to an aircraft [[hangar]] also in Port Adelaide, and in January 2006 opened on its present site in Lipson Street, adjacent to the railway museum.<ref name="saam">{{cite web|url=https://www.saam.org.au/|title=Welcome to the South Australian Aviation Museum|author=South Australian Aviation Museum|access-date=1 February 2010}}</ref>

In 1991 the State Historical Aviation Collection became part of the museum. This collection was formerly held by the National Motor Museum in [[Birdwood, South Australia|Birdwood]]. A collection of rockets from [[Woomera, South Australia|Woomera]] was received for display in 1996.<ref name="saam" /> Amongst the exhibits are a recently retired [[Lockheed AP-3C Orion]], a [[General Dynamics F-111C]] and a [[Dassault Mirage III|GAF Mirage IIID]], which was formerly the gate guard at [[RAAF Base Edinburgh]]. Older aircraft include a [[Supermarine Spitfire variants#Mk V .28Types 331.2C 349 .26 352.29|Spitfire Mark VC]] that was recovered after crashing in Papua New Guinea in 1943, a [[de Havilland Sea Venom]] and a [[Westland Wessex|Westland Wessex HAS.31B]], formerly from the aircraft carrier {{HMAS|Melbourne|R21|6}} and a [[C-47 Skytrain|Douglas C-47B]] (Dakota) that was used for Government VIP transportation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2008/06/29/2287807.htm|title=A state of flight|last=Walsh|first=Ashley|date=29 June 2008|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|work=ABC Adelaide|access-date=1 February 2010}}</ref>

=== Austbuilt Maritime Museum ===

The Austbuilt Maritime Museum, operated by the Port Adelaide Historical Society, is located on Fletcher Road, Peterhead. It houses an extensive collection of maritime memorabilia accumulated by the late Keith Le Leu, who famously bought the steam tug ''Fearless'' for $1 in Brisbane in 1972 and steamed it to Adelaide. This vessel, currently owned by the South Australian Maritime Museum, remains on hardstand at Cruickshanks Corner near the Birkenhead Bridge, while its fate is still to be determined.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Westthorp |first=Tanya |date=21 March 2007 |title=Sorry Keith, ''Fearless'' dream over |work=Portside Messenger |publisher=Nationwide News Pty Ltd. |id=MPS_T-20070321-1-003-038136. [[Factiva]] [https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&NS=16&an=PORMES0020070321e33l00003&drn=drn%3aarchive.newsarticle.PORMES0020070321e33l00003&cat=a&ep=ASI PORMES0020070321e33l00003].}}</ref> During his lifetime, Keith Le Leu also donated other maritime artefacts for public display around Port Adelaide. These include two large anchors that sit outside the Birkenhead Tavern and another outside Le Fevre High School. The museum and these anchors form nodes along the Port Adelaide Anchor Trail, which was created in 2020.

=== Australian Museum of Childhood === The Australian Museum of Childhood displays a collection of toys that were manufactured in Australia from the 1890s onwards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portenf.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=701&c=18615 |author=Port Adelaide Visitor Information Centre |publisher=City of Port Adelaide and Enfield |access-date=1 February 2010 |title=The Australian Museum of Childhood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013020251/http://www.portenf.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=701&c=18615 |archive-date=13 October 2009}}</ref> The toys were collected by Alan Griffiths over a 30-year period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/collectors/txt/s2125355.htm|title=Australian Museum of Childhood|date=23 December 2007|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|author=The Collectors}}</ref>

== Transport and bridges == [[File:Duyfken replica at Port Adelaide.JPG|thumb|Replica 17th-century Dutch vessel ''[[Duyfken]]'' at Port Adelaide, with [[Birkenhead Bridge]] raised in May 2006|250x250px]] {{see also|Port River}} The first [[transport infrastructure]] in the suburb was the construction of a {{convert|1|mi|km|1}} long road from the port to near the present [[Alberton, South Australia|Alberton]] Hotel. The road was opened in October 1840.<ref name="Sydney1840" /> The cost of this road, and the [[causeway]] upon which it ran proved so large that Governor Gawler allowed the constructing company to charge a [[Toll road|toll]]. Later investigations showed the company was making excessive profits and a compromise was reached where the colony leased the roadway. Ownership of the roadway was later moved to the government, in exchange for land at [[Dry Creek, South Australia|Dry Creek]].<ref>Parsons (1997), pp.39–40.</ref>

[[File:Diver Derrik and Mary McKillop bridges open in 2010.jpg|thumb|Diver Derrick bridge open in 2010 for the annual Flotilla for Kids fundraiser|250x250px]]

The river was first crossed with a wooden bridge in the 1850s. This was replaced with the iron [[Jervois Bridge]] in 1878; It was named by Sir [[William Jervois]] after himself. Jervois Bridge was an opening bridge first operated by horse power, and later by mechanical means. It was replaced with a fixed bridge in the same position in 1969, when there was no longer a need for small boats to pass.<ref name="parsons83" /> [[Birkenhead Bridge]], the first [[bascule bridge]] in Australia, opened in 1940.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Australian encyclopaedia|publisher=Grolier Society of Australia|year=1983|volume=2|page=85}}</ref> In 2004 Premier Mike Rann said the State government would build new rail and road bridges over the Port River at a cost of $178 million. On 3 April 2005 he announced that the 'opening and closing' bridges would be toll-free and would be opened twice a day to minimise disruptions to road traffic. It was opened for traffic on 3 August 2008. It is between Docks 1 and 2 at Port Adelaide and links with Francis Street to the east and Victoria Road to the west. A new railway through Port Adelaide was proposed in 2017, it started construction in June 2023 and reopened in August 2024.

[[Tom 'Diver' Derrick Bridge]], commonly referred to as the 'Diver' Derrick Bridge, is an opening, single-leaf bascule bridge over the [[Port River]].<ref>{{cite web|date=25 June 2008|title=Stage 2 of the Port River Expressway|url=http://www.dtei.sa.gov.au/infrastructure/port_river_expressway/content/stage_2_and_3.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20071221152607/http://www.dtei.sa.gov.au/infrastructure/port_river_expressway/content/stage_2_and_3.html|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=25 May 2008|publisher=South Australian Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure}}</ref> It was built at the same time as an adjacent rail crossing, the [[Mary MacKillop Bridge]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Rodrigues|first=Sam|date=24 July 2008|title=Port River Expressway's Diver Derrick Bridge ready to open|work=The Advertiser|publisher=News Ltd|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/port-river-bridge-ready-to-open/story-e6freol3-1111117016849|access-date=7 February 2010|archive-date=23 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223054909/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/port-river-bridge-ready-to-open/story-e6freol3-1111117016849}}</ref>

At the opening of both bridges Rann unveiled a plaque dedicated to Mary Mackillop<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2008 |title=Official opening for new Port bridges New opening bridge over the Port River Premier Mike Rann opens the 'Diver' Derrick and Mary MacKillop road and rail bridges at Pt Adel |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |id=[[Factiva]] [https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&NS=16&an=ABCNEW0020080801e4810003c&drn=drn%3aarchive.newsarticle.ABCNEW0020080801e4810003c&cat=a&ep=ASI ABCNEW0020080801e4810003c]}}</ref> blessed by Pope Benedict during his recent visit to Sydney.

The Port Adelaide and Le Fevre Peninsula Ferry Co began operations in 1877, [[ferry]]ing passengers from the end of Commercial Road to the other side of the river. The ferry stopped operating in 1943, consequent to opening of the Birkenhead Bridge.<ref>Parson (1986), pp.82–83.</ref>

In April 1856 a [[Rail transport|rail]] line reached the port, crossing the almost empty plain from Adelaide.<ref>Parsons (1986), p.65.</ref> By 1876 it was a thriving seaport and the principal artery from South Australia, to the rest of the country and to the World.<ref>Parson (1986), p.79.</ref> To service the numerous stores and warehouses, many railway lines were built around the wharf areas, along streets, and connecting with the main lines from Adelaide.<ref>''The Port Adelaide Railway System'' Eardley, Gifford [[Australian Railway History|Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin]], July 1970 pp 146–160</ref> A [[horse tram]] line was constructed from Port Adelaide to [[Albert Park, South Australia|Albert Park]] in 1879.<ref>The Critic (1909), p.9–11.</ref> This line was built in {{Track gauge|1600mm|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] to accommodate [[steam locomotive]]s. Some of the line was raised on [[Embankment (transportation)|embankment]]s to avoid swampy ground and flooding.<ref>Kingsborough (1965), p.17.</ref> The line used horse trams until 1914, when [[Trams in Adelaide#Electric tram network|conversion to electric]] operation began. It reopened on 3 April 1917.<ref>State Transport Authority (1978)</ref> From 1917 until its closure in 1935, the Port Adelaide tram system was not connected to the rest of Adelaide's light rail network.<ref>Steele C. (1981), p.36.</ref>

Rail transport in the 21st century uses the [[Port Adelaide railway station]] which has two elevated platforms located on a [[viaduct]], built in 1919. Trains connect to Adelaide and [[Outer Harbor railway station|Outer Harbor]]. The line was closed in November 2009 to enable upgrade work on the line, station and viaduct. The line and station re-opened in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|author=Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure|title=Port Adelaide Viaduct Upgrade|url=http://www.infrastructure.sa.gov.au/RR/rail_revitalisation/port_adelaide_viaduct_upgrade|access-date=3 February 2010|publisher=Government of South Australia|archive-date=14 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414231937/http://www.infrastructure.sa.gov.au/RR/rail_revitalisation/port_adelaide_viaduct_upgrade}}</ref> Scheduled bus services directly connect Port Adelaide to much of metropolitan Adelaide.<ref>Bus Service information from the [http://www.timetables.adelaidemetro.com.au Adelaide Metro] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104192118/http://timetables.adelaidemetro.com.au/|date=4 January 2010}} timetables website</ref> The Labor State Government promised that the [[Glenelg tram line]] would be extended down [[Port Road, Adelaide|Port Road]] as far as Port Adelaide by 2018.<ref name="toolate" /> However, during that year, the newly elected Liberal Party government scrapped the tram network expansion. In 2005 the road portion of the [[Port River Expressway]] was completed. It is a {{convert|5.5|km|mi|1}} [[freeway]]-grade road, which links Port Adelaide and the [[Lefevre Peninsula]] to the northern suburbs of [[Adelaide]], and major interstate routes via [[Salisbury Highway]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Department for Transport Energy and Infrastructure|date=24 September 2008|title=Port River Expressway (PRExy)|url=http://www.infrastructure.sa.gov.au/port_river_expressway|access-date=7 February 2010|publisher=Government of South Australia|archive-date=17 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417002521/http://www.infrastructure.sa.gov.au/port_river_expressway}}</ref>

== Famous Portonians == People who have lived around the Port Adelaide area include: * [[A. V. Benson]], of Port Adelaide Racing Club and Port Adelaide Football Club official * [[George Bollen]], homeopathic doctor * [[Bryan Dawe]] actor, collaborator of [[John Clarke (satirist)|John Clarke]] * [[John Formby]], shipping agent, mayor and Port Adelaide Football Club official * [[John Hart (South Australian colonist)|John Hart]], merchant, miller and State Premier * [[James S. Hawkes]], civil engineer * [[Matthew Henry Hodge]], pastor of the Congregational Church * [[George Feltham Hopkins]], mounted policeman and politician * [[Alfred Le Messurier]], shipping agent * [[Thomas Lipson]], harbour master and customs official * [[Allen Martin]], headmaster and inspector of schools * [[William Mattinson]], builder and politician * [[Jack McCarthy (football coach)|Jack McCarthy]], football coach * [[Mortimer Menpes]], painter * [[John Menadue]], public servant and diplomat (dubious inclusion) * [[D. C. F. Moodie]], editor of ''[[The Portonian]]'' * [[Richard Francis Newland]], banker and politician * [[Bob Quinn (Australian footballer)|Bob Quinn]], footballer * [[William Quin]], plasterer and politician * [[Theophilus Robin]], timber merchant * [[A. T. Saunders]], amateur historian * [[William Scott (South Australian politician)|William Scott]], "Captain Scott", shipping agent and politician * [[John Mitchell Sinclair]], shipping agent and politician * [[Jacob Smith (politician)|Jacob Smith]], mayor and politician * [[Fos Williams]], footballer

==See also== *[[Naval Base Adelaide]]

== References == {{reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book|title=The horse tramways of Adelaide and its suburbs, 1875–1907 |last =Kingsborough |first =L.S. |publisher = Libraries board of South Australia |location = Adelaide |year=1965}} * {{cite book|title=Port Misery and the new port|year=1997|last=Parsons|first=Ronald|location=[[Lobethal, South Australia]]|publisher=Ronald Parsons|isbn=0-909418-53-5}} * {{cite book|title=Southern passages; A maritime history of South Australia|last=Parsons|first=Ronald|publisher=Wakefield Press|location=[[Netley, South Australia]]|year=1986|isbn=0-949268-66-6}} * {{cite book|publisher=Port Adelaide Historical Society Inc. | year=2002 | isbn=0-9595577-3-3|location=Port Adelaide|last=Reynolds|first=Yvonne|title=Pubs of Port Adelaide}} * {{cite book|publisher=National Railway Museum|location=Port Adelaide|title=Your guide to the National Railway Museum|date=June 2003|edition=5th|author = Sampson Bob, Offler Ingrid}} * {{cite book|publisher=Port Centre Project Office|location=Port Adelaide|title=The Port Adelaide Centre: past and present|year=1987|last=Samuels|first=Brian|isbn=0-7316-3009-2}} * {{cite book|title=Transit in Adelaide: the story of the development of street public transportation in Adelaide from horse trams to the present bus and tram system |year=1978 |author=State Transport Authority|publisher=State Transport Authority|location=Adelaide|isbn =0-7243-5299-6}} * {{cite book|title=The burnside lines|last=Steele|first=Christopher|isbn=0-909459-08-8 |publisher=Australian Electric Traction Association |year=1981 |location=Sydney}} * {{cite book|publisher=The Critic|author=The Critic|location=Adelaide|year=1909|title=The Tramways of Adelaide, past, present, and future: a complete illustrated and historical souvenir of the Adelaide tramways from the inception of the horse trams to the inauguration of the present magnificent electric trolley car system}} {{refend}}

== Further reading == * {{cite web|url=https://southaustralianhistory.com.au/portadelaide.htm|publisher=Flinders Ranges Research|title=Port Adelaide|last=Klaassen|first=Nic}} * {{cite book|title=Rails Through Swamp and Sand – A History of the Port Adelaide Railway|last=Thompson|first=M|publisher=Port Dock Station Railway Museum|year=1988|isbn=0-9595073-6-1}}

== External links == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.saam.org.au/ South Australian Aviation Museum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120605125814/http://www.history.sa.gov.au/maritime/maritime.htm South Australian Maritime Museum] Accessed 30 March 2012. * [http://www.flindersports.com.au/portfacilities2.html ''Port Adelaide''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214073209/http://www.flindersports.com.au/portfacilities2.html |date=14 February 2010 }} – Flinders Ports. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080518101839/http://www.portenf.sa.gov.au/ Port Adelaide Enfield Council] * [https://mapco.net/port1839/port1839.htm Map of Port Adelaide 1839. Taken From "The District Of Adelaide, South Australia, As Divided Into Country Sections. From The Trigonometrical Surveys Of Colonel Light, Late Survr. Genl." Febry 18th, 1839.] * [https://mapco.net/port1852/port.htm Map Of Port Adelaide, Section 2112 B. 25 November 1852.] * [http://www.adelaidefounder.blogspot.com/ Review of Founding History]

[[Category:Ports and harbours of South Australia|Adelaide, Port]] [[Category:Suburbs of Adelaide]]