thumb|John A. McCaull The '''McCaull Comic Opera Company''', also called the '''McCaull Opera Comique Company''', was an American theatral production company founded by Colonel John A. McCaull in 1880. The company produced operetta, comic opera and musical theatre in New York City and on tour in the eastern and midwestern U.S. and Canada until McCaull's death in 1894. It nurtured such stars, in their early careers, as Lillian Russell and DeWolf Hopper.
==History== ===Early years=== McCaull (1846–1894) was born in Scotland. He served as a colonel in the Confederate Army and later became a lawyer in Baltimore.<ref name=Bordman>Bordman, Gerald and Thomas S. Hischak. "McCaull, John A." in ''The Oxford Companion to American Theatre'', 2004, [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O149-McCaullJohnA.html Encyclopedia.com], accessed 21 September 2011</ref> He was representing John T. Ford, lessee of the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York, when Gilbert and Sullivan presented ''H.M.S. Pinafore'' in December 1879 and premiered ''The Pirates of Penzance'' at the end of that month. McCaull was attracted to theatrical production and became involved as an investor with these productions. He then quit his law practice to produce light opera. For the Christmas season in 1880, he staged ''Olivette'' at the Bijou Theatre in New York. The strong success of this piece encouraged him to continue to present comic opera.<ref name=Busch/>
McCaull explained the goals of his opera company to ''The New York Times'': "The public demands good voices. .... Our aim is to build up this thing until we get something like the Opéra comique in Paris".<ref name=Busch>Busch, Stephen E. [http://www.operaoldcolo.info/personages/company8.html "John A. McCaull Comic Opera Companies"], at the ''Opera in Old Colorado'' website, accessed September 21, 2011</ref> McCaull invested $10,000 in Rudolph Aronson's newly rebuilt Casino Theatre in New York in 1882.<ref name=Bordman/> He opened the theatre the same year with the American premiere of the Strauss operetta ''The Queen's Lace Handkerchief''.<ref name=TimesLate>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/11/14/106841149.pdf "The Late John A. M'Caull"], ''The New York Times'', November 14, 1894, accessed September 22, 2011</ref> Also there, the company produced ''Prince Methusalem'' (1883), ''Der Bettelstudent'' (1883–84), ''Falka'' (1884), ''Nell Gwynne'' (with a new libretto),<ref>Fiske, Stephen. "Dramatic Feuilleton," ''The Art Amateur'', Vol. 12, No. 1 (December 1884), p. 4. Fiske noted: "Colonel McCaull produced the new opera magnificently. ... The scenery and costumes were superb."</ref> ''Die Fledermaus'' (1885), ''Apajune, the Water Nymph'' (1885)<ref>Fiske, Stephen. "Music and Drama", ''The Art Amateur'', Vol. 12, No. 3 (February 1885), p. 58</ref> and ''The Black Hussar'' (1885). The success of ''The Black Hussar'' led to an extended run.<ref>Fiske, Stephen. "Music and Drama", ''The Art Amateur'', Vol. 13, No. 4 (September 1885), p. 68</ref> After this, McCaull quarrelled with the Aronsons and was forced out of the theatre, so the company became exclusively a touring company.<ref name=TimesLate/><ref>According to critic Stephen Fiske (in ''The Art Amateur'', Vol. 13, No. 1 (June 1885), pp. 3–4, the break in relations necessitated performing ''The Black Hussar'' at Wallack's Theatre.</ref> The company returned to Broadway, however, for summer seasons at Wallack's Theatre.<ref name=TimesLate/><ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1888/10/07/106197881.pdf "Comic Opera in America"], ''The New York Times'', October 7, 1888</ref>
The company appeared in Denver, Colorado, in 1883, again playing ''The Queen's Lace Handkerchief''. The review in the ''Rocky Mountain News'' praised the cast and stated that "in musical and dramatic ability and magnificent costuming, the McCaull opera company is the best that has ever visited Denver. The scenery is very pretty and appropriate, the chorus well trained and well dressed."<ref name=Busch/> By 1885, McCaull had three companies on tour almost continually. He told ''The New York Times'': "Two of these companies play 40 weeks in the year. The other plays 52 weeks. ... [T]here are 1,300 people who receive their direct support in connection with my companies."<ref name=Busch/> The performers included Frederick Leslie, Eugène Oudin, Digby Bell, Lillian Russell, Frank Daniels, Francis Wilson, May Yohé and DeWolf Hopper. In 1890 in Kansas City and Denver, the company produced ''The Black Hussar'' and Von Suppe's opera ''Clover'', "which was given to a crowded and appreciative house. It was exceedingly well put on and was fully enjoyed, applause being continued and frequent. The chorus work was excellent, and the work of the principals left nothing to be desired."<ref name=Busch/>
===Later years=== Late in 1888 in Chicago, McCaull fell on ice, receiving a deep cut on his head. This caused a brain injury that led to paralysis of the muscles of his throat and right side. For about a year afterwards, he continued to direct the company, although his speech was so difficult to understand that he eventually had to give up directing. The De Wolf Hopper Opera Company was then formed with some of McCaull's singers.<ref name=TimesLate/> Francis Wilson also formed his own opera company. By 1890, there were rumors that McCaull's company would disband.<ref>"The 'Seven Saubians' in Trouble: Rumors that the McCaull Opera Company Will Disband", ''Critic-Record'', October 20, 1890.</ref> By 1891, McCaull had sold his properties and rights to perform works to Harry Askin. But McCaull and his wife sued Askin for not paying the full amount.<ref>"By the Name of M'Caull: Disagreements and a Suit Over the Opera Company's Affairs", ''New York Herald-Tribune'', July 5, 1891.</ref> McCaull continued to control his companies, using hired managers, nearly until his death in 1894.<ref name=Busch/><ref>On February 11, 1892, a benefit performance was given for McCaull at the Metropolitan Opera House, raising $8,000. Another benefit that year in Chicago raised an additional $1,450. In 1893, McCaull moved to Greensborough, North Carolina, where he died on November 11, 1894. His funeral was held on November 14, 1894 at St. Martin's Catholic Church in Baltimore, where he was buried. He was survived by three daughters, Winifred, Angela (both actresses) and Margaret. See: [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/11/13/106840970.pdf "Death of John A. McCaull"], ''The New York Times'', November 12, 1894, p. 8.</ref>
Biographer Johnson Briscoe remarked: "Col. John A. McCaull was one of the greatest light opera's impresarios that this country has ever known, and the McCaull Opera Company was a truly wonderful organization, the like of which we shall probably never know again."<ref>Briscoe, Johnson . [https://books.google.com/books?id=VzFAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA71 "Angela McCaull"], ''The Actors' Birthday Book: an Authoritative Insight into the Lives of the Men and Women of the Stage Born Between January 1 and December 31'', Moffat, Yard & Company (1907), p. 71</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{IBDB name|407309}}
{{authority control}}
Category:1880 establishments in New York (state) Category:1894 disestablishments in the United States Category:Defunct American opera companies Category:Musical groups established in 1880