{{Short description|Indian classical dancer and choreographer (1928-2014)}} {{for|Indian artist and comedian|Maya Krishna Rao}} {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}} {{Infobox dancer | name = Maya Rao | image = MayaRaoPic.jpg | alt = | caption = | full_name = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1928|05|02}} | birth_place = Malleswaram, Bangalore | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2014|09|01|1928|05|02}} | death_place = Bangalore | occupation = Kathak guru, dancer, choreographer<br> Founder Natya Institute of Kathak and Choreography (NIKC, 1987) | years_active = 1945– 2014 | current_group = Natya and Stem Dance Kampani | former_groups = | dances = Kathak | website = <!-- {{URL|website}} --> }}
'''Maya Rao''' (2 May 1928 – 1 September 2014) was an Indian classical dancer, choreographer and educator, in Kathak dance. She is known for her pioneering work in Kathak choreography, especially in dance ballets,<ref name=hindusep14/> and is credited for bringing Kathak, a North Indian-dance style to South India, when she opened her dance school, Natya Institute of Kathak and Choreography (NIKC) in Malleswaram, Bangalore in 1987.<ref name=mint>{{cite web | title = How Kathak breached the north-south divide|author=Shoba Narayan |publisher= Mint| url = http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/hPoqKRykCDhyxQHaXCT19N/How-Kathak-breached-the-northsouth-divide.html |date=26 July 2014|accessdate = 26 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Taking it a step higher, again|work= The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/taking-it-a-step-higher-again/article2835397.ece |date=27 January 2012|accessdate = 26 July 2014 | first = Madhu | last = Nataraj }}</ref> She was also the founder director of her dance company, "Natya and Stem Dance Kampni", an amalgam of NIKC and the STEM Dance Kampni ( founded by her daughter Madhu Nataraj) based in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web | title = About Kampni | url = http://www.stemdancekampni.in/Kampni.html | publisher = stemdancekampni.in | accessdate = 26 July 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140701095933/http://www.stemdancekampni.in/Kampni.html | archive-date = 1 July 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=hinducom>{{cite web | title = Where contemporary keeps step with classical |work=The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/where-contemporary-keeps-step-with-classical/article4858879.ece |date=28 June 2013| accessdate = 26 July 2014 }}</ref> After her early training under Guru Sohanlal of Jaipur Gharana, followed by Guru Sunder Prasad also of the Jaipur Gharana, and went to train under Guru Shambhu Maharaj of Lucknow Gharana at Kathak Kendra (National Institute of Kathak Dance) in Delhi.
She was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, given by Sangeet Natak Akademi, the National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama in 1989. In 2011, the Akademi awarded her the Sangeet Natak Akademi Tagore Ratna, given to 100 artists from across India to mark the 150th birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore, for their contribution in the field of performing arts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sangeet Natak Akademi Ratna and Akademi Puraskar |url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/tagoreawards.htm |quote=".. a one-time honour of Tagore Samman to be awarded to 100 persons of the age of 75 years and above who have made significant contribution in the field of performing arts." |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |date=2011 |accessdate=2 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707094419/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/tagoreawards.htm |archivedate=7 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=List of recipients of Tagore Akademi Puraskar|url = http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2012/apr/d2012042301.pdf |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India|accessdate = 2 August 2014 }}</ref>
==Early life== She was born in Malleswaram, Bangalore to orthodox Konkani Saraswat Brahmin family of Hattangadi Sanjeev Rao, a renowned architect in the city, and Subhadra Bai. She had three brothers and three sisters. At an early age she learnt Hindustani classical music – vocal and instrumental dilruba from Rama Rao, being from an orthodox family where girls didn't learn dance, considered a taboo. However, this changed when at age 12, after she and her architect father watched dancer Uday Shankar's troupe perform at BRV Talkies auditorium in Bangalore. Moved by the performance, his father wanted his daughters to learn dance.<ref name=profile>{{cite web | title =Profiles: Kathak Guru Dr. Maya Rao turns 86 today! |publisher=narthaki|url =http://www.narthaki.com/info/profiles/profl161.html | accessdate = 27 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=toijuly>{{cite web |title = Maya Rao took forbidden dance to a new level |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/Maya-Rao-took-forbidden-dance-to-a-new-level/articleshow/40863459.cms |author= GS Kumar |date= 25 August 2014 |accessdate= 1 September 2014 |work= The Times of India}}</ref>
Her guru Pandit Ramarao Naik, was a disciple of Ustad Faiyaz Khan, and vocalist of the Agra gharana.<ref>{{cite web | title =Namaskara to the Agra master|work= The Music Magazine|author=S R Ramakrishna| url = http://www.themusicmagazine.com/ramaraonaik.html | accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref> He ran music and dance school at Benson Town, Bangalore, where various dance and music styles were taught. Here Sohan Lal from Jaipur Gharana was in charge of the Kathak section.<ref name=whirl/> Soon, her younger sisters, Uma and Chitra, six years and four years old respectively, started learning Kathak from under Guru Sohanlal, while she at age twelve was considered too old for Kathak. Finally, her father allowed her to start her Kathak training in 1942, with a promise to never dance professionally or on stage, which she was soon break. She learnt from him for next two years. However, when she gave a first performance in 1944, at the Town Hall for a Saraswat Samaj community programme, her father didn't object.<ref name=profile/><ref name=toijuly/><ref name=whirl/>
After completing her schooling she joined B.A. (hon.) in English literature at Central College, Bangalore in 1945,<ref name=toijuly/> and later studied at Maharani's College in Bangalore. Here, she formed a club to dance and presented dance-dramas.<ref name=toipioneer>{{cite web | title = Pioneering dancer and a much-loved mentor | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Pioneering-dancer-and-a-much-loved-mentor/articleshow/41452533.cms |date=2 September 2014|accessdate = 2 September 2014 | work = The Times of India}}</ref> This paved way for her first major performance, a ballet "Sita Haran" in 1947, for poor students at Maharani's College. Meanwhile, her father died in 1946, after being cheated in business and incurring heavy losses. Their family home was auctioned within a year and the family moved to a one-room house. Soon she along with her brother Manohar took charge to household, and she started teaching dance at age 17, to support her family.<ref name=profile/><ref name=toijuly/><ref name=whirl>{{cite web | title = Maya Rao's Whirlwind World |work= The New Indian Express | url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Maya-Rao%E2%80%99s-Whirlwind-World/2014/09/02/article2409427.ece | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140905021827/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Maya-Rao%E2%80%99s-Whirlwind-World/2014/09/02/article2409427.ece | url-status = dead | archive-date = 5 September 2014 |date= 2 September 2014| accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref>
==Career== She moved to Jaipur in 1951, in search of Kathak. She also started teaching English at the Maharani Gayatri Devi Girls' Public School for next two years. She then moved to Sri Lanka and studied Kandyan dance with legendary dancer, Chitrasena. Subsequently, in 1955, she received the prestigious Government of India scholarship and trained under noted Guru, Shambhu Maharaj of the Lucknow Gharana at the Bharatiya Kala Kendra, New Delhi. She was the first student of the Kendra and Pt Shambhu Maharaj was the first Guru. She was the only student he ever danced with in all his life. In 1960, she was selected for the USSR Cultural Scholarship in Choreography to study for her Master's in Choreography. Upon her return from Russia in 1964, with the help of Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, then Vice Chairperson of Sangeet Natak Akademi, she started the Natya Institute of Choreography in Delhi under the aegis of the Bharatiya Natya Sangh.<ref name=profile/><ref name=toijuly/><ref name="Kothari1989">{{cite book|author=Sunil Kothari|authorlink=Sunil Kothari|title=Kathak, Indian Classical Dance Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAbMS6ynGJ8C&pg=PA192|year=1989|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-223-9|page=192}}</ref><ref name="BithellHill2014">{{cite book|author1=Caroline Bithell|author2=Juniper Hill|title=The Oxford Handbook of Music Revival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N8GiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA217|date=24 May 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-938492-1|pages=217–}}</ref>
Thereafter, she was based in Delhi for several years before she moved NIKC to Bangalore on invitation from the then Chief Minister Ramakrishna Hegde, which opened on 12 July 1987.<ref name=mint/><ref>{{cite book|last=Massey|first=Reginald |title=India's kathak dance, past present, future |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFXkPk3zMeYC&q=Kathak+Kendra&pg=RA1-PA29|year=1999|publisher=Abhinav Publications|pages=29, 157 |isbn=81-7017-374-4|ref=Ma}}</ref> Already known for her ''abhinaya'' anga, she has to her credit several notable dance ballets production, such as Venkateshwara Vilasam, Kathak through the Ages, Art ''and Life'', Surdas, ''Barsha Mangal'', ''Tarana'', ''Ramayana Darshanam'', ''Hoysala Vaibhava'', ''The Vision of Amir Khusrau'', ''Tulsi Ke Ram'', and ''Urubhanga'' by Bhasa,<ref name=toipioneer/> besides ''Krishnadevaraya'', ''Vijayanagara Vaibhava'', Masti Venkatesha Iyengar's ''Kaamana Billu'' and works of noted Kannada writer Kuvempu.<ref name=hindusep14>{{cite news | title = Renowned Kathak dancer Maya Rao dead |work=The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/renowned-kathak-dancer-maya-rao-dead/article6370522.ece?homepage=true | accessdate = 2 September 2014| first = Ranjani | last = Govind |date=September 2014 }}</ref>
She became the chairperson of Karnataka Sangeet Nritya Academy, state academy for music and dance, and during her tenure from 1987 to 1990, she started National Performing Arts Festivals at heritage monuments of the state, like Somanathapura, Pattadakal and Halebidu.<ref name=dec14/> She was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Creative dance/Choreography, given by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi Official website |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archivedate=30 May 2015 }}</ref> She was awarded Rajyotsava Award, second highest civilian honour of the Karnataka state in 1986,<ref name=newexp>{{cite web | title = Maya Rao Brought Kathak to City |work=The New Indian Express| url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Maya-Rao-Brought-Kathak-to-City/2014/09/02/article2410544.ece | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140905021831/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Maya-Rao-Brought-Kathak-to-City/2014/09/02/article2410544.ece | url-status = dead | archive-date = 5 September 2014 |date= 2 September 2014| accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref> and the Shantala Award for the year 1999, by Government of Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web | title = State's honour of Allahrakha: Maya Rao bags Shantala Award | url = http://www.thehindu.com/2000/01/05/stories/0405210c.htm | archive-url = https://archive.today/20140902060830/http://www.thehindu.com/2000/01/05/stories/0405210c.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2 September 2014 |date=5 January 2000| work = The Hindu | accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref> In 2013, she received the 'Tagore Ratna' award, given Sangeet Natak Akademi, also in the same year she received the lifetime achievement award for her contribution to dance and choreography at the Epic Women conference.<ref>{{cite web | title = The dance continues... |work=The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-arts/chen-dance/the-dance-continues/article4262920.ece |date=2 January 2013| accessdate = 26 July 2014 | first = Veejay | last = Sai }}</ref> Over the years, she has trained over 3,000 students,<ref name=mint/> notably, Nirupama Rajendra, Syed Sallauddin Pasha, Satya Narayana Charka, Shambhu Hegde, Shivananda Hegde, and Nandini Mehta.
Her daughter Madhu Nataraj is an acclaimed dancer and choreographer, and started STEM Kampni, a branch of NIKC.She continued as s a consultant choreographer at her institute till her last days. Maya Rao's autobiography, ''Maya Rao – A Lifetime in Choreography'' was completed by her in 2013 and released by playwright and Jnanpith awardee Shri Girish Karnad in July 2014.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ananth Nag and Girish Karnad attend a book launch at ITC Windsor, Bangalore | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bangalore/Ananth-Nag-and-Girish-Karnad-attend-a-book-launch-at-ITCWindsor-Bangalore/articleshow/38670970.cms |date=20 July 2014| accessdate = 26 July 2014 | work = The Times of India }}</ref>
She died of massive cardiac arrest shortly after midnight on 1 September 2014, at M S Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, where she was admitted around 11.30 pm due complains of breathlessness and chest pain. She was survived by her sisters Chitra Venugopal and Uma Rao, and daughter Madhu Nataraj, Kathak and contemporary dancer.<ref name=dec14>{{cite web | title = Kathak danseuse Maya Rao no more | url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/428769/kathak-danseuse-maya-rao-no.html |date=1 September 2014|accessdate = 2 September 2014 }}</ref><ref name=newexp/>
==Awards and honors== *1989: Sangeet Natak Akademi Award *1999: Shantala Natya Sri Award<ref name="Karnataka">{{cite web |title=Profile of recipients of 'Shantala Natya Sri Awards' |url=https://www.karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State+Awards/Shantala+Natya+Awards/en |website=www.karnataka.gov.in |publisher=Karnataka Government}}</ref> *2004: Keremane Award<ref>{{cite news |title=Maya Rao will receive first Keremane Award |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb092004/s10.asp |access-date=2 May 2024 |work=Deccan Herald |date=9 February 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050414031617/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb092004/s10.asp |archive-date=14 April 2005}}</ref> *2011: Sangeet Natak Akademi Tagore Ratna
== References == {{Reflist|2}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dutt |first=Bishnupriya |date=2015 |title=Performing Resistance with Maya Rao: Trauma and Protest in India |journal=Contemporary Theatre Review |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=371–385|doi=10.1080/10486801.2015.1049823 |s2cid=192583044 }}</ref>
==External links== * [http://www.natyamaya.in/ Natya Institute of Kathak and Choreography, website] * Personal Obituary by Culture Critic Veejay Sai in www.narthaki.com, http://www.narthaki.com/info/profiles/profl170.html
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Maya}} Category:1928 births Category:2014 deaths Category:Kathak dancers Category:Indian classical choreographers Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance Category:Artists from Bengaluru Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Category:Indian autobiographers Category:Indian women non-fiction writers Category:Indian arts administrators Category:Businesspeople from Bengaluru Category:Businesswomen from Karnataka Category:Indian female classical dancers Category:Indian women choreographers Category:Dancers from Karnataka Category:Women educators from Karnataka Category:20th-century Indian educators Category:20th-century Indian women educators Category:20th-century Indian women artists Category:20th-century Indian dancers Category:Women autobiographers Category:Women writers from Karnataka Category:Educators from Karnataka Category:Women artists from Karnataka Category:Scholars from Bengaluru <references group="References" />