Maxwell Garnett

{{Short description|English educationalist, barrister, peace campaigner (1880–1958)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox person | name = Maxwell Garnett | honorific_suffix = [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] | image = Maxwell Garnett in 1944.jpg | alt =  | caption = Garnett in 1944 | birth_name = James Clerk Maxwell Garnett | birth_date = {{Birth date|1880|10|13|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Cherry Hinton]], [[Cambridge]], United Kingdom | death_date = {{Death date and age|1958|03|19|1880|10|13|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Isle of Wight]], United Kingdom | other_names = | occupation = {{flatlist| *Barrister *physicist *educationist *activist}} | education = [[St Paul's School, London]] | alma_mater = [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] | years_active = | known_for = [[Effective medium approximations#Maxwell Garnett equation|Maxwell Garnett approximation]] | notable_works = | father = [[William Garnett (professor)|William Garnett]] | children = [[Peggy Jay]] }}

'''James Clerk Maxwell Garnett''' [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (13 October 1880 – 19 March 1958), commonly known as '''Maxwell Garnett''', was an English [[educationist]], [[barrister]], [[peace campaigner]] and [[physicist]]. He was [[Secretary]] of the [[League of Nations Union]].<ref name="cdob"/> The [[Effective medium approximations#Maxwell Garnett equation|Maxwell Garnett approximation]] is named after him.

==Early life== Garnett was born on 13 October 1880 at [[Cherry Hinton]], [[Cambridge]], [[England]], the son of physicist [[William Garnett (professor)|William Garnett]], and was named after his father's friend [[James Clerk Maxwell]].<ref name="Oxford University Press"/> He was educated at [[St Paul's School, London]], and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], gaining scholarships at both.<ref name="cdob" />

At Cambridge, Garnett worked in [[optics]], publishing papers on the optical properties of metals and [[Amorphous metal|metal glasses]] in the early years of the new century.<ref name="composite"/><ref name="paper1"/><ref name="paper2"/>

==Career== He came upt with [[Effective medium approximations#Maxwell Garnett equation|Maxwell Garnett approximation]] for effective mediums in 1904.<ref name="theory" />

Garnett was an examiner at the [[Board of Trade]] from 1904 to 1912, during which time he was [[call to the bar|called to the bar]] from the [[Inner Temple]] in 1908. He was [[Principal (college)|Principal]] of the [[University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology|Manchester College of Technology]] from 1912 to 1920, then returned to the capital city as Secretary of the [[League of Nations Union]] from 1920 to 1938).<ref name="cdob" />

His daughter [[Peggy Jay|Peggy]] was later convinced that her father's career was "wrecked by his gift for launching daringly radical and eventually successful new ideas two decades too soon."<ref>{{cite web |title=Peggy Jay: A tribute |url=https://www.heathandhampstead.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Peggy_Jay_tribute.pdf |publisher=The Heath & Hampstead Society |access-date=2 November 2023 |date=May 2008}}</ref>

==Personal life== In 1910, Garnett married Margaret Lucy Poulton, daughter of the evolutionary biologist [[Sir Edward Poulton]] FRS, in [[Headington]], [[Oxford]].<ref name="genealogy1"/> They had six children, including Peggy Jay. The Garnetts lived at 37 [[Park Town, Oxford|Park Town]], [[North Oxford]], from 1939 until 1955, when they moved to the [[Isle of Wight]].<ref name="symonds"/>

Garnett died at his Isle of Wight home on 19 March 1958;<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 1958 |title=Dr. Maxwell Garnett Dies at Seaview |pages=3 |work=[[Isle of Wight County Press]]}}</ref> after a funeral at [[St Helen's Church, St Helens, Isle of Wight|St Helen's Church]] his body was cremated at Southampton<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 1956 |title=The Late Dr. Maxwell Garnett, Funeral at St Helens |pages=5 |work=[[Isle of Wight County Press]]}}</ref> and his cremated remains were then set in the transept floor of the church.<ref>{{Cite book |title=St Helens Church Burial Register |location=Isle of Wight Record Office, Hillside, Newport, IW}}</ref>

==Honours== Garnett was appointed a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] in 1919. ==Selected publications== ;Journal papers *{{cite journal |last= Maxwell Garnett |first= J. C. |date=1904 |title=Colours in metal glasses and in metallic films |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]] |volume=203 |issue=359–371 |pages= 385–420|doi=10.1098/rsta.1904.0024 |bibcode= 1904RSPTA.203..385G |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |last= Maxwell Garnett |first= J. C. |date=1906 |title= Colours in metal glasses, in metallic films, and in metallic solutions |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]] |volume=205 |issue=387–401 |pages= 237–288|doi=10.1098/rsta.1906.0007 |bibcode= 1906RSPTA.205..237G |doi-access=free }}

==References== <references>

<ref name="cdob">{{cite book| chapter=Garnett, (James Clerk) Maxwell | title=[[The Concise Dictionary of National Biography]]| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] | date=1992 | page=1106 | volume=II: G–M }}</ref>

<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book| chapter-url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/33333 | chapter=Garnett, (James Clerk) Maxwell | title=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]| publisher=Oxford University Press | date=2004–14 }}</ref>

<ref name="genealogy1">{{cite web| url=http://genealogy.links.org/links-cgi/readged?/home/ben/camilla-genealogy/current+!0:126721+2-2-0-1-0 | title=James Clerk Maxwell (Maxwell) Garnett 1880–1958 | work=Links Genealogy | access-date=3 August 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name="symonds">{{cite book |last=Symonds |first=Ann Spokes |title=The Changing Faces of North Oxford | volume=Book One |year=1998 |location=Witney |publisher=[[Robert Boyd Publications]] |chapter=Families |pages=81–83, 95–96 |isbn=1-899536-25-6 }}</ref>

<ref name="composite">{{cite book |last= Simovski |first= Constantin |date= 2018 |title= Composite Media with Weak Spatial Dispersion |publisher= [[CRC Press]] |isbn= 978-1351166225}}</ref>

<ref name="paper1">{{cite journal |last= Maxwell Garnett |first= J. C. |date=1904 |title=Colours in metal glasses and in metallic films |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]] |volume=203 |issue=359–371 |pages= 385–420|doi=10.1098/rsta.1904.0024 |bibcode= 1904RSPTA.203..385G |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="paper2">{{cite journal |last= Maxwell Garnett |first= J. C. |date=1906 |title= Colours in metal glasses, in metallic films, and in metallic solutions |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]] |volume=205 |issue=387–401 |pages= 237–288|doi=10.1098/rsta.1906.0007 |bibcode= 1906RSPTA.205..237G |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="theory">{{cite journal |last= Markel |first=Vadim A. |date=2016 |title= Introduction to the Maxwell Garnett approximation: tutorial |url=https://www.osapublishing.org/josaa/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-33-7-1244 |journal=[[Journal of the Optical Society of America A]] |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages= 1244–1256 |doi=10.1364/JOSAA.33.001244 |pmid=27409680 |bibcode=2016JOSAA..33.1244M |s2cid=29531454 }}</ref>

</references>

==External links== * {{Internet Archive author |sname=James Clerk Maxwell Garnett |birth=1880 |death=1958}} * [https://www.amazon.com/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3AJames%20Clerk%20Maxwell%20Garnett Books by James Clerk Maxwell Garnett] on [[Amazon.com]] * [http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp75051/james-clerk-maxwell-garnett (James Clerk) Maxwell Garnett (1880–1958), Barrister-at-Law] portraits in the [[National Portrait Gallery, London]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maxwell Garnett, James Clerk}} [[Category:1880 births]] [[Category:1958 deaths]] [[Category:People from Cherry Hinton]] [[Category:People educated at St Paul's School, London]] [[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]] [[Category:People associated with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology]] [[Category:League of Nations]] [[Category:English educational theorists]] [[Category:English barristers]] [[Category:English anti-war activists]] [[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Category:English male non-fiction writers]] [[Category:British optical physicists]] [[Category:20th-century English physicists]] [[Category:20th-century English lawyers]] [[Category:20th-century English male writers]] [[Category:Jay–Garnett family]] [[Category:20th-century English non-fiction writers]]