Max von Fabeck

{{Infobox military person |name = Max von Fabeck |birth_date = 6 May 1854 |death_date = {{Death date and age|1916|12|16|1854|5|6|df=yes}} |image = Max von Fabeck (1915).jpg |caption = |nickname = |birth_place = Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia |death_place = Partenkirchen, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire |allegiance = {{flag|Prussia}}<br>{{flag|German Empire}} |branch = 23px Imperial German Army |service_years = 1871–1916 |rank = 25px ''General der Infanterie'' |unit = |commands = {{plainlist | * 15px 78th Infantry Regiment (Osnabrück) * 15px 25th Infantry Brigade (Münster) * 15px 28th Division (Karlsruhe) * 15px XV Corps (Straßburg) * 15px XIII Corps (Stuttgart) * 15px 11th Army * 15px 1st Army * 15px 12th Army * 15px 8th Army}} |battles = World War I * First Battle of Ypres (1914) * Battle of Mons (1914) * Battle of Le Cateau (1914) * First Battle of the Marne (1914) ** Battle of the Ourcq |awards = ''Pour le Mérite'' |relations = |other_work = }} '''Herrmann Gustav Karl Max von Fabeck''' (6 May 1854 – 16 December 1916) was a Prussian military officer and a German ''General der Infantarie'' during World War I. He commanded the 13th Corps in the 5th Army and took part in the Race to the Sea on the Western Front and also commanded the new 11th Army on the Eastern Front. Subsequently, he commanded several German armies during the war until his evacuation from the front due to illness in 1916 and died on 16 December. A competent and highly decorated commander, von Fabeck is a recipient of the Pour le Mérite, Prussia's and Germany's highest military honor.<ref name = poursource>William E. Hamelman: ''The History of the Prussian Pour le Mérite Order, Volume III (1888–1918)'' Matthäus Publishers, 1986</ref>

== Life == Fabeck was born in Berlin in 1854, when it was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. He was the son of Prussian Lieutenant-General Hermann von Fabeck (1816–1873) and wife Bertha, née von dem Borne (1829–1910). By the time he was 17 years old he was already a second lieutenant in the 1st Footguards Regiment ({{langx|de|1. Garde-Regiment zu Fuß}}). From 1878 to 1879 he attended the Prussian Military Academy. In 1882 he was appointed to the German General Staff and was promoted to captain in 1884. From 1886 he served in the General Staff of the 28. Division in Karlsruhe.

On 24 October 1887 married Helene von Seldeneck (7 October 1863 in Karlsruhe – 13 July 1938 in Cologne), the daughter of William and Julie (nee Brandt Von Lindau) von Seldeneck, chamberlain of the Grand Duke of Baden. The couple had four daughters Ilse, Maria, Margaret, and Hildegard.

He became a staff officer to the VI Army Corps in Breslau in 1889 and shortly thereafter was promoted to major. From 1893 he served in the regiment ''Grenadier König Friedrich Wilhelm II. (1. Schlesisches ) Nr. 10 '' in Schweidnitz. In 1896 he was a Lieutenant Colonel Chief of Staff of the XI. Army Corps in Kassel. In 1898 he was promoted to colonel and received his first command: the ''Infanterie-Regiments „Herzog Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig“ (Ostfriesisches) Nr. 78'' in Osnabrück. From 1901 he led the 25th Infantry Brigade in the 13th Army Division in Münster. He was promoted to major general that same year.

In 1906 Fabeck was promoted to lieutenant general and commander of the 28th Army Division in Karlsruhe. In 1910 he was appointed general of the infantry and commanding general of the XV Army Corps in Strasbourg. In 1913 he assumed the same position at the XIII (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps in Stuttgart. He met Fritz von Loßberg as the chief of staff. Loßberg helped Fabeck to have a united staff officers before the war.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lossberg|first=Fritz von|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdgwDwAAQBAJ&dq=Max+von+Fabeck&pg=PT22|title=Lossberg's War: The World War I Memoirs of a German Chief of Staff|date=2017-11-15|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-6982-8|language=en}}</ref>

== World War I == At the beginning of World War, the XIII Army Corps commanded by von Fabeck was part of Germany's 5th Army which was commanded by Crown Prince Wilhelm. It participated in the mobile battles known as the Race to the Sea. During the First Battle of Ypres, Fabeck made his move with newly formed 5 divisions with backups of heavy reserve artillery. It was job of I Corps to fight back them.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Congreve|first=Billy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZ6aBQAAQBAJ&dq=Max+von+Fabeck&pg=PA72|title=Armageddon Road: A VC's Diary 1914-1916|date=2014-08-18|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=978-1-4738-2119-4|pages=72|language=en}}</ref> In March 1915 von Fabeck briefly commanded the newly formed 11th Army, which was quickly transferred from the Western to the Eastern fronts with whom he fought in Lithuania.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Foley|first1=Robert T.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOJ0iRmWGCIC&dq=Max+von+Fabeck&pg=PA157|title=German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich Von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870-1916|last2=Foley|first2=Robert Thomas|date=2005-01-06|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84193-1|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> In April 1915 he replaced the injured Alexander von Kluck as commander of the 1st Army. In September 1915 von Fabeck got command of the 12th Army, with whom he transferred to the Eastern Front. He was also attached à la suite to Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 129 on 27 January 1916.<ref name=machine /> Before he fell ill in October 1916 von Fabeck was the commander of 8th Army for a few weeks.

General von Fabeck was awarded the Pour le Mérite for outstanding military leadership during the 1914–15 campaigns in Flanders and northern France,<ref name=machine>[https://archive.today/20121220130816/http://home.comcast.net/~jcviser/aok/fabeck.htm Max von Fabeck] at ''The Prussian Machine'', Retrieved 6 June 2012</ref> as well as in recognition of successful operational planning in the battles at Mons, Le Cateau and the Ourcq river. He received a personal telegram from the Wilhelm II congratulating him on the award.<ref name=pouronline>[http://www.pourlemerite.org/wwi/army/fabeck.html Max von Fabeck – Orden Pour le Mérite] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015213301/http://www.pourlemerite.org/wwi/army/fabeck.html |date=2008-10-15 }} at pourlemerite.org, Retrieved 4 June 2012.</ref>

== Death == In October 1916 von Fabeck became seriously ill and he committed suicide on 16 December 1916 at Partenkirchen, Kingdom of Bavaria.<ref name=machine/>

== Awards == * Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Württemberg<ref name="Rangliste1914">Preußisches Kriegsministerium: ''Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee und des XIII. (Königlich Württembergischen) Armeekorps für 1914'' (Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, 1914) p. 1160</ref> * Grand Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion<ref name=Rangliste1914/> * Bavarian Military Merit Order<ref name=Rangliste1914/> * Grand Cross of the Order of Philip the Magnanimous<ref name=Rangliste1914/> * Grand Cross of the Order of Red Eagle with Oak Leaves <ref name=Rangliste1914/> * Order of the Crown of Prussia, 1st class <ref name=Rangliste1914/> * Prussian Service Award Cross<ref name=Rangliste1914/> * Grand Cross of the Albert Order with Gold Star <ref name=Rangliste1914/> * Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy<ref name=Rangliste1914/> * Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Romania<ref name=Rangliste1914/> * Iron Cross (1914), 1st and 2nd class * Commander of the Military Merit Order of Württemberg on 1 November 1914 <ref>Otto von Moser: ''Die Württemberger im Weltkriege'', Second Expanded Edition (Stuttgart: Chr. Belser AG, 1928) p. 109</ref> * Pour le Mérite 23 August 1915<ref name = poursource/>

==Dates of ranks== * Fähnrich—1 October 1871 * Leutnant—18 October 1871 * Oberleutnant—18 October 1879 * Hauptmann—12 July 1884 * Major—19 November 1889 * Oberstleutnant—27 January 1896 * Oberst—24 May 1898 * Generalmajor—14 November 1901 * Generalleutnant—27 January 1906 * General der Infanterie—13 January 1910

== References == {{reflist}}

== Literature == * Holger Afflerbach: ''Kaiser Wilhelm II. als oberster Kriegsherr im Ersten Weltkrieg. Quellen aus der militärischen Umgebung des Kaisers 1914–1918'' Deutsche Geschichtsquellen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, Band 64. (München: Oldenbourg, 2005) {{ISBN|3-486-57581-3}} * Ian F. W. Beckett: ''Ypres. The First Battle, 1914.'' (Harlow: Pearson/Education, 2004) {{ISBN|0-582-50612-3}} * Robert T. Foley: ''German Strategy and the Path to Verdun. Erich Falkenhayn and the development of Attrition 1870–1916'' (Cambridge University Press, 2005) {{ISBN|0-521-84193-3}}

== External links == * [http://gw2.geneanet.org/index.php3?b=jrdus&lang=fr;pz=friedrich+oskar+walter;nz=rolcke;ocz=0;p=max+karl+gustav+hermann;n=von+fabeck Stammbaum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025192241/http://www.wennedach.de/Leute/Baron/Fabeck/fabeck.html Familiengeschichte mit Kurzbiografie und Foto] * [http://www.hood.de/auction/35033572/sammelbild-deutsche-heerfuehrer-stollwerck.htm Stollwerck-Sammelbild mit Kurzbiografie]

{{S-start}} {{s-mil}} {{Succession box| title=Commander, XV Corps| before=General der Infanterie Leopold Hentschel von Gilgenheimb | after=General der Infanterie Berthold von Deimling | years=31 January 1910 – 1 March 1913}} {{Succession box| title=Commander, XIII (Royal Württemberg) Corps| before=General der Kavallerie Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg | after=General der Infanterie Theodor von Watter | years=1 March 1913 – 9 March 1915}} {{Succession box| title=Commander, 11th Army| before=New Formation | after=Generalfeldmarschall August von Mackensen | years=9–27 March 1915}} {{Succession box| title=Commander, 1st Army| before=Generaloberst Alexander von Kluck | after=Dissolved | years=28 March – 17 September 1915}} {{Succession box| title=Commander, 12th Army| before=General der Artillerie Max von Gallwitz | after=Dissolved | years=22 September 1915 – 4 October 1916}} {{Succession box| title=Commander, 8th Army| before=General der Infanterie Otto von Below | after=General der Infanterie Bruno von Mudra | years=5–22 October 1916}} {{S-end}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Fabeck, Max von}} Category:1854 births Category:1916 deaths Category:Military personnel from Berlin Category:Military personnel from the Province of Brandenburg Category:German Army generals of World War I Category:Generals of the infantry (Prussia) Category:German military personnel who died by suicide Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) Category:Recipients of the Military Merit Order (Bavaria) Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania) Category:Suicides in Germany