{{short description|German British psychiatrist (1912–2002)}} {{Use British English|date=January 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox person | name = Max Glatt | image = Max Glatt (1a).jpg | alt = Lean-faced man in striped suit, aged around 80, with moustache and white hair combed back 1940s-style. | caption = Glatt, {{circa|1990}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1912|01|26|df=y}} | birth_place = Berlin, Germany | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2002|05|14|1912|01|26|df=y}}}} | death_place = London, United Kingdom | education = University of Leipzig | occupation = {{hlist|Psychiatrist| addiction expert|editor}} | organizations = {{ubl| Warlingham Park Hospital | British Journal of Addiction | Medical Council on Alcohol }} }} '''Max Meier Glatt''' (26 January 1912{{spaced ndash}}14 May 2002) was a German British psychiatrist and addiction expert.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Marsh |first=Dave |date=19 October 1978 |title=Keith Moon: 1947(''sic'')-1978 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/keith-moon-1947-1978-19781019 |access-date=23 September 2013 |magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref><ref name="Richmond">{{Cite journal |last=Richmond |first=Caroline |date=8 June 2002 |title=Max Meier Glatt |journal=BMJ: British Medical Journal |volume=324 |issue=7350 |pages=1399 |doi=10.1136/bmj.324.7350.1399 |pmc=1123343 }}</ref> A survivor of the Dachau concentration camp, he went on to become a prominent expert in the treatment of addiction in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Benaim">{{Cite news |last=Benaim |first=Silvio |date=25 May 2002 |title=Max Glatt: Pioneer in the treatment of alcohol and drug addicts |url=https://www.theguardian.com/drugs/Story/0,2763,721888,00.html |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian Newspapers Limited |location=UK}}</ref><ref name="Richmond" /> He was one of the pioneers in the treatment of people with an addictive personality trait.
==Early life== Born in Berlin, because of his Jewish origins, Glatt had to overcome considerable resistance in order to be able to study under the Nazi regime. Nevertheless, he received his doctorate as a neurologist from the University of Leipzig in 1936.<ref name="Elected" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 July 2002 |title=Saw alcoholism as a disease |work=Herald Sun |location=Melbourne |id={{EBSCOhost|200207021062191678}}}}</ref> When he tried to flee to the Netherlands after the November pogrom in 1938, he was arrested at the border and sent to the Dachau concentration camp.<ref name="Richmond" /> After his release from the Dachau concentration camp, he emigrated to Great Britain. After the start of the Second World War, he was deported as an enemy alien first to the Isle of Man and then on a prison ship to Australia.<ref name="Benaim" /> In 1942 he returned to Britain. There he learnt that his parents had been deported to Estonia, where they were later murdered in a concentration camp. Only he and his sister, who managed to escape to Holland, survived the Holocaust.<ref name="Benaim" />
==Addiction treatment pioneer== From 1951, Glatt worked as a doctor and psychotherapist in various London clinics, including Warlingham Park Hospital.<ref name="ObitAddiction">{{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=Griffith |date=September 2002 |title=Max Glatt: Distinguished Fellow of the Society for the Study of Addiction |journal=Addiction |volume=97 |issue=9 |issn=0965-2140}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=September 1983 |title=Conversation with Max Glatt |journal=Addiction |volume=78 |issue=3 |doi=10.1111/j.1360-0443.1983.tb02504.x |issn=0952-0481 |id={{EBSCOhost|6275036}} |pages=231–243|pmid=6354231 |last1=Glatt |first1=M. }}</ref> He made significant breakthroughs in the development of the "Jellinek curve" of alcoholic addiction.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=L. Venner |first1=Kamilla |last2=Feldstein |first2=Sarah W. |title=Natural History of Alcohol Dependence and Remission Events for a Native American Sample |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol |date=2006 |volume=67 |issue=5 |pages=675–684 |doi=10.15288/jsa.2006.67.675 |pmid=16847535 |pmc=2911362 |language=en}}</ref>
Glatt treated HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs' addicts, and such was the success of his programmes that the prison's football team was nicknamed the "Glatt Dynamos".<ref name="Benaim" />
Glatt was appointed as a consultant in 1958 he set up an alcohol dependency unit in a female ward in St Bernard's Hospital, Hanwell.<ref name="Rollin">{{Cite web |last=Rollin |first=Henry H |title=Max Meier Glatt |url=https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/max-meier-glatt |website=RCPLondon.ac.uk}}</ref> His approach of creating a "therapeutic community" with a 12-week inpatient stay to help patents come to terms with their problems and explore new methods of living in the future without their addiction was found to be a great success.<ref name="Richmond" /> In 1982 this facility was moved and became a drug and alcohol dependence unit;<ref name="A and A Obit">{{Cite journal |last=Marjot |first=David Henry |date=1 November 2002 |title=Max Glatt: MCA Vice President and Alcohologist Extraordinaire |url=https://academic.oup.com/alcalc/article/37/6/623/205138 |journal=Alcohol and Alcoholism |volume=37 |issue=6 |doi=10.1093/alcalc/37.6.623 |via=Oup.com |pages=623–624|url-access=subscription }}</ref> it moved again in 2000. It is currently run by the Central North West London Mental Health NHS Trust Substance Misuses Service.<ref name="Substance Misuses Service">{{Cite web |last=Max Glatt Unit |title=Substance Misuses Service |url=http://www.cnwl.org/Substance_Ealing_The_Max_Glatt_Unit.html |access-date=1 October 2006 |publisher=Central North West London NHS Foundation Trust}}</ref>
He was one of the scientists who early on postulated that alcohol addiction was a disease and lobbied the World Health Organization to this end.<ref name="A and A Obit"/> Glatt also firmly opposed the criminalization of drug addiction.<ref>{{harvnb|Glatt|Marks|1982}}</ref>
In 1962, Glatt took over as editor of the ''British Journal of Addiction'', a position he held for fifteen years.<ref name="ObitAddiction" /> He was also a vice-president of the Medical Council on Alcohol.<ref name="A and A Obit"/>
=== Personal life === Glatt was married to Gisella, also a Holocaust survivor; the couple had a son and several grandchildren.<ref name="Rollin" /> He was described as deeply religious, modest and gentle with a sense of humour. He ran a weekly group at Florence Nightingale Hospital after retirement until he suffered a fall.<ref name="Benaim" />
Glatt died on 14 May 2002 at age 90.<ref name="Benaim" /><ref name="Rollin" />
==Honours== Glatt was elected distinguished fellow of the Society for the Study of Addiction.<ref name="Elected">{{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=G. |date=December 2000 |title=Max Glatt is elected Distinguished Fellow by the Society for the Study of Addiction |journal=Addiction |location=Abingdon, England |volume=95 |issn=1360-0443 |id={{EBSCOhost|11177487}} |number=12|pages=1749–1750 |doi=10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.951217491.x |pmid=11177487 }}</ref> The therapeutic community he founded is now known as the "Max Glatt Unit".<ref name="A and A Obit"/><ref name="Substance Misuses Service"/>
==Publications (selection)== *{{Cite book |last=Glatt |first=Max Meier |title=The Drug Scene in Britain - Journey Into Loneliness |year=1967 |ref=none}} *{{Cite book |last=Glatt |first=M.M. |title=A Guide to Addiction and Its Treatment |publisher=Springer Netherlands |year=1973 |isbn=9401158991 |ref=none}} *{{Cite book |last=Glatt |first=Max Meier |title=Alcoholism - A Social Disease |publisher=Teach Yourself Books |year=1975 |isbn=0340195037 |ref=none}} *{{Cite book |last=Glatt |first=Max Meier |title=The Alcoholic and the Help He Needs |publisher=Taplinger |year=1974 |isbn=9780800801656 |ref=none}} *{{Cite book |last=Glatt |first=M.M. |title=Drug Dependence - Current Problems and |publisher=Springer Netherlands |year=1977 |isbn=9789401161480 |ref=none}} *{{Cite book |title=The Dependence Phenomenon |publisher=Springer |year=1982 |isbn=978-94-011-7459-6 |editor-last=Glatt |editor-first=M. M. |location=Dordrecht |doi=10.1007/978-94-011-7457-2 |editor-last2=Marks |editor-first2=J.}}
==References== {{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Glatt, Max}} Category:Jewish German scientists Category:1912 births Category:2002 deaths Category:21st-century German Jews Category:English people of German-Jewish descent Category:German emigrants to the United Kingdom Category:History of mental health in the United Kingdom Category:Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom Category:Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom Category:Dachau concentration camp survivors Category:German psychotherapists Category:British psychotherapists Category:German psychiatrists Category:British psychiatrists Category:German neurologists Category:British neurologists Category:Leipzig University alumni Category:21st-century British Jews