{{Short description|Genus of cacti}} {{About|the genus|the town|Matucana, Peru}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Matucana_paucicostata_02.jpg |image_caption = ''Matucana paucicostata'' |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Matucana |authority = [[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]] & [[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]]<ref name=POWO_5414-1/> |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text |type_species = ''[[Matucana haynii]]'' |synonyms= *''Anhaloniopsis'' {{Au|(Buxb.) Mottram 2014}} *''Eomatucana'' {{Au|F.Ritter 1965}} *''Submatucana'' {{Au|Backeb. 1959}} *''Oroya'' {{au|Britton & Rose 1922}} |synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO_5414-1/> }}
'''''Matucana''''' is a [[genus]] of [[cactus|cacti]] ([[Family (taxonomy)|family]] Cactaceae), containing approximately 20 [[species]] of mostly globular plants.<ref>{{Cite web|title = BioLib - Matucana|url = https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id298308/|website = Biolib|access-date = 20 June 2015|first = |last = }}</ref> The genus is known only from [[Peru]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://seedscactus.com/en/content/44-focus-on-genus-matucana|title = Matucana|date = 15 January 2013|access-date = 20 June 2015|website = Seeds Cactus|publisher = |last = Divulgazione|first = Divisione}}</ref> mostly along the [[Marañón River]].
Some species are endangered due to collection for the specialist market.
==Description== Plants within this genus may be identified by the distinctive structure of their fruits, which are marked by vertical splits that release their seeds upon maturity. The overall body shape, spination, offset production, and preferred habitat exhibit considerable variability, mirroring the diverse nature of the flowers within the genus. Species of ''Matucana'' have low, globose or shortly cylindrical bodies, either solitary or clustering. The flowers are subapical, usually more or less [[zygomorphic]], diurnal, of various colours, but usually red, yellow or pink.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Complete Illustrated Guide to Growing Cacti & Succulents|last = Anderson|first = Miles|publisher = Lorenz Books|year = 2008|isbn = 9780754818427|location = London|pages = 92–93}}</ref> However, a few species, notably ''M. oreodoxa'', have [[actinomorphic]] flowers and were placed in a separate genus - ''Eomatucana'' - by [[Friedrich Ritter|F. Ritter]]. They are reported to flower at a young age.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.bcss.org.uk/pom092014.php|title = Plant of the Month: ''Matucana madisoniorum''|date = August 2014|access-date = 20 June 2015|website = The British Cactus & Succulent Society|publisher = |last = |first = |archive-date = 21 June 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150621091936/http://www.bcss.org.uk/pom092014.php|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="Charles 2013 pp. 2–4">{{cite journal | last=Charles | first=Graham | title=Matucana rebutiiflora, a new cactus species from Ancash, Peru | journal=Bradleya | volume=31 | issue=31 | date=2013-08-31 | issn=0265-086X | doi=10.25223/brad.n31.2013.a2 | pages=2–4}}</ref>
==Taxonomy== The first species was discovered near the town of [[Matucana, Peru|Matucana]] and described as ''Echinocactus haynii'' by [[Christoph Friedrich Otto]] in 1849. The genus ''Matucana'' was erected by [[Nathaniel Lord Britton]] and [[Joseph Nelson Rose]] in 1922 to differentiate it from the diverse ''[[Echinocactus]]'' genus.<ref name=":0" />
==Species== {{As of|2025|October}}, the following species were accepted:<ref name=POWO_5414-1>{{Cite POWO|title=''Matucana'' Britton & Rose|id=5414-1|access-date=2023-10-14|mode=cs1}}</ref><ref name="Korotkova Aquino Arias Eggli p. ">{{cite journal | last=Korotkova | first=Nadja | last2=Aquino | first2=David | last3=Arias | first3=Salvador | last4=Eggli | first4=Urs | last5=Franck | first5=Alan | last6=Gómez-Hinostrosa | first6=Carlos | last7=Guerrero | first7=Pablo C. | last8=Hernández | first8=Héctor M. | last9=Kohlbecker | first9=Andreas | last10=Köhler | first10=Matias | last11=Luther | first11=Katja | last12=Majure | first12=Lucas C. | last13=Müller | first13=Andreas | last14=Metzing | first14=Detlev | last15=Nyffeler | first15=Reto | last16=Sánchez | first16=Daniel | last17=Schlumpberger | first17=Boris | last18=Berendsohn | first18=Walter G. | title=Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family | journal=Willdenowia | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin | volume=51 | issue=2 | date=2021-08-31 | issn=0511-9618 | doi=10.3372/wi.51.51208 | page=| doi-access=free | url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/206623/1/Korotkova-et-al_2021_Cactaceae_data_paper.pdf }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Image !! Scientific name !! Distribution |- |[[File:Matucana fruticosa 01.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana aurantiaca]]'' {{small|(Vaupel) Buxb.}} || Peru. |- |[[File:Matucana aureiflora (4508580768).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana aureiflora]]'' {{small|F.Ritter}} || Peru. |- |[[File:Oroya borchersii, flores 1.jpg|120px]]||''[[Matucana borchersii]]'' {{small|(Boed.) G.J.Charles}} ||Peru (Ancash) |- | ||''[[Matucana charlesiorum]]'' {{small|Hoxey}} ||Peru |- | ||''[[Matucana chrysacantha]]'' {{small|Hoxey & G.J.Charles}} ||Peru |- |[[File:Matucana formosa.JPG|120px]] || ''[[Matucana formosa]]'' {{small|F.Ritter}} || Peru. |- | ||''[[Matucana gigantea]]'' {{small| G.J.Charles}} ||Peru |- |[[File:Matucana haynei (8956638749).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana haynii]]'' {{small|(Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose}} || Peru. |- | || ''[[Matucana hoxeyi]]'' {{small|(G.J.Charles) G.J.Charles}} || Peru. |- |[[File:Matucana huagalensis 2019-06-09 01.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana huagalensis]]'' {{small|(Donald & A.B.Lau) Bregmann, Meerst., Melis & Pullen}} || Peru. |- |[[File:Matucana intertexta 2.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana intertexta]]'' {{small|F.Ritter}} || Peru. |- | || ''[[Matucana klopfensteinii]]'' {{small|Cieza & Pino}} ||Peru (Cajamarca). |- |[[File:Matucana krahnii (5011339998).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana krahnii]]'' {{small|(Donald) Bregmann}} ||Peru. |- |[[File:Matucana madisoniorum 31.JPG|120px]] || ''[[Matucana madisoniorum]]'' {{small|(Hutchison) G.D.Rowley}} ||Peru. |- |[[File:Matucana oreodoxa 2.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana oreodoxa]]'' {{small|(F.Ritter) Slaba}} ||Peru. |- | || ''[[Matucana ostolazae]]'' {{small| (Pino & L.E.Alomía) Pino & L.E.Alomía}} ||Peru (Junín) |- |[[File:Matucana paucicostata 02.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana paucicostata]]'' {{small|F.Ritter}} ||Peru. |- |[[File:Oroya (4877090482).jpg|120px]] ||''[[Matucana peruviana]]'' {{small|(K.Schum.) G.J.Charles}} ||Peru (Cuzco, Junin) |- | || ''[[Matucana pughii]]'' {{small|G.J.Charles}} ||Peru. |- |[[File:Matucana pujupatii 1.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana pujupatii]]'' {{small|(Donald & A.B.Lau) Bregmann}} ||Peru. |- | || ''[[Matucana rebutiiflora]]'' {{small|G.J.Charles}} ||Peru. |- |[[File:Matucana ritteri (cropped).jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana ritteri]]'' {{small|Buining}} ||Peru. |- | || ''[[Matucana roseiflora]]'' {{small| (G.J.Charles) G.J.Charles & Hoxey}} ||Peru. |- |[[File:Matucana tuberculata 2.jpg|120px]] || ''[[Matucana tuberculata]]'' {{small|(Donald) Bregman, Meerst., Melis & A.B.Pullen}} ||Peru. |- |[[File:Matucana weberbaueri.JPG|120px]] || ''[[Matucana weberbaueri]]'' {{small|(Vaupel) Backeb.}} ||Peru. |}
==Cultivation== All members of the genus cannot tolerate too much moisture so that it is recommended that they be watered only during their growing season and when the [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]] is dry. They risk losing their roots if they are not kept warm through the winter. Members of ''Matucana'' grow quickly and may be grown from seed.<ref name=":0" />
==References== {{Commons category}} {{Wikispecies|Matucana}} {{Reflist}} * Bregman, Rob: ''The Genus Matucana. Biology and systematics of fascinating Peruvian cacti''. A.A.Balkema 1996. * Ritter, Friedrich: ''Kakteen in Südamerika'', Band 4, s. 1486–87. Friedrich Ritter Selbstverlag 1981.
{{Taxonbar|from=Q311767}} {{Authority control}}
[[Category:Matucana|*]] [[Category:Cacti of South America]] [[Category:Endemic flora of Peru]] [[Category:Cereeae genera]]