{{New Testament verse short description}} {{Bible chapter|letname= Matthew 28:18 |previouslink= Matthew 28:17 |previousletter= 28:17 |nextlink= Matthew 28:19 |nextletter= 28:19 |book=Gospel of Matthew |biblepart=New Testament | filename= STP-ELP19.jpg |size=240px | caption=<div style="width: 240px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">''The Great Commission'', stained glass window, Cathedral Parish of Saint Patrick in El Paso, Texas</div>}} '''Matthew 28:18''' is the eighteenth verse of the twenty-eighth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This verse is part of the Great Commission narrative, containing the emphatic declaration of Jesus' absolute authority over the universe.
==Content== The original Koine Greek, according to Westcott and Hort/[NA27 and UBS4 variants], reads:<ref>[https://biblehub.com/text/matthew/28-18.htm Greek Text Analysis: Matthew 28:18]. Biblehub</ref> :18: καὶ προσελθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς λέγων Ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς·
In the King James Version of the Bible it is translated as: :18: And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
The modern World English Bible translates the passage as: :18: Jesus came to them and spoke to them, saying, "All authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth.{{efn|For a collection of other versions see [http://biblehub.com/matthew/28-18.htm BibleHub: Matthew 28:18]}}
==Analysis== The word "all" ({{langx|grc|πᾶσα}}, ''{{Strong-number|pasa|G|3956}}'') are found multiple times in the verses 18–20, tying them together: ''all'' power/authority, ''all'' nations, ''all'' things ("that I have commanded you") and ''all'' the days ("always").<ref name=carson>{{cite book|last= Carson| first= D. A. |title= Matthew |series =The Expositor's Bible Commentary| others= Contributors: Tremper Longman III, David E. Garland |edition = revised| publisher= Zondervan Academic | date= 2017 |isbn=9780310531982 }}</ref>
Dale Allison considers the suggestions of the verse 18 allusion to {{bibleverse|Daniel|7:13–14|KJV}} or {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|36:23|KJV}} improbable.<ref name=allison>{{cite book|last= Allison | first= Dale C. Jr.| chapter = 57. Matthew | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| page=885| access-date=February 6, 2019}}</ref> A more persistent correlation with Moses, however, is worthy of consideration, starting with "the mountain", as 'Moses ended his earthly course on a mountain'; the commissioning of Joshua by God through Moses; and the close parallels in {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|31:14–15|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|31:23|KJV|23}}; and {{bibleverse|Joshua|1:1–9|KJV}}, which are 'all about God'.<ref name=allison/>
The Greek word for "power" is ''{{Strong-number|exousia|G|1849}}'', which refers to 'delegated power or authority along with the right to use it'; not quite adequately translated by the word "power" or "authority" alone.<ref name=phillips>{{cite book |last= Phillips |first= John | title= Exploring the Gospel of Matthew: An Expository Commentary| volume= 1 |series= The John Phillips Commentary Series | edition=reprint |publisher= Kregel Academic| date= 2005 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=q38MnaH8Oj4C |isbn= 9780825433924 |page = 546}}</ref> The ''exousia'' of Jesus is already stressed previously in the same gospel ({{bibleref2|Matthew|7:29; 10:1, 7-8; 11:27; 22:43-44; 24:35|KJV}}; cf. {{bibleverse|John|17:2|KJV}}), so it is not entirely correct to claim that the resurrected Jesus has more authority than the Jesus before the crucifixion.<ref name=carson/> During his ministry, his words, just as God's, will not pass away ({{bibleverse|Matthew|24:35|KJV}}) and he, like God, forgives sins ({{bibleverse|Matthew|9:6|KJV}}), but only after the resurrection, his spheres of exercising absolute authority can be said to include all heaven and earth (that is, "the universe").<ref name=carson/> The authority is given to Jesus by the Father (thus, the Father is exempt from the Son's authority; cf. {{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|15:27–28|KJV}}), and the Son becomes "the one through whom ''all'' God's authority is mediated (thus, Jesus as the "mediatorial King").<ref name=carson/> The received "well-defined exercise of authority" is the climactic vindication of Jesus' humiliation (cf. {{bibleverse|Philippians|2:5–11|KJV}}) and marks a turning point in the redemptive history that the "Messiah's Kingdom" or Jesus' "king-dominion" has risen up in new power: the exercise of Jesus' "divine and saving authority".<ref name=carson/>
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
{{sequence | prev = Matthew 28:17 | list = Gospel of Matthew<br />Chapter 28 | next = Matthew 28:19 }} {{Matthew 28}}
Category:Matthew 28