Mary Wings

{{Short description|American novelist (1949–2024)}} <!-- Deleted image removed: alt=|thumb|325x325px|Mary Wings, cartoonist, writer, and artist. --> {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}

'''Mary Wings''' (born '''Mary Lee Geller'''; April 14, 1949 – July 3, 2024) was an American cartoonist, writer, and artist. She was known for highlighting lesbian themes in her work. In 1973, she made history by releasing ''Come Out Comix'', the first lesbian comic book. She also wrote a series of detective novels featuring lesbian heroine Emma Victor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 1993 |title=Divine Victim |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/mary-wings/divine-victim/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=Kirkus Reviews}}</ref> ''Divine Victim'', Wings' only Gothic novel, won the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery in 1994.

== Early life and education == Mary Wings was born on April 14, 1949, in Chicago, Illinois<ref name="contemporary" /> as Mary Lee Geller.<ref name="pseud">{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Pseudonyms|author=Adrian Room|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSIhzKnNUf4C&pg=PA512|page=512|year=2010|publisher=McFarland |isbn=9780786457632}}</ref> She later changed her last name to Wings, "inspired by the adage that 'friendship is love with wings'", according to ''The New York Times''.<ref name = Risen>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/08/arts/mary-wings-dead.html|title = Mary Wings, Pioneering Creator of Queer Comics, Dies at 75|last = Risen|first = Clay|date = August 8, 2024|accessdate = August 8, 2024|newspaper = The New York Times|url-access = limited}}</ref>

Wings was raised in the Baháʼí Faith in Chicago.<ref name="contemporary" /> She attended Shimer College, a Great Books college<ref name="curriculum">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shimer.edu/academicprograms/curriculum/index.cfm |author=Shimer College |title=Great Books curriculum |access-date=September 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117120930/http://www.shimer.edu/academicprograms/curriculum/index.cfm |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref> then located in the town of Mount Carroll, Illinois.<ref name="contemporary" /> Later, she studied ceramics at Museum Art College in Portland, Oregon.<ref name="contemporary">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B5ffAAAAMAAJ|title=Contemporary Lesbian Writers of the United States: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook|author=Lewin|first=Ellen|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1993|isbn=0313282153|editor-last=Pollack|editor-first=Sandra|location=Westport, Connecticut|pages=572–577|chapter=Mary Geller (1949&ndash; )|editor-last2=Knight|editor-first2=Denise D.}}</ref> She also studied theater set design at San Francisco State University.<ref name="contemporary" />

== Career == Wings was known for her work in lesbian-themed comics and mystery novels. Her work was driven generally by the desire to discuss underrepresented topics that are relevant to her personal life. Initially, she did not intend to publish any of her work.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mary-wings-created-first-lesbian-comic-book_us_5b23d937e4b0d4fc01fdd783|title=Mary Wings Just Wanted An Orgasm When She Created The First Lesbian Comic Book|last=Frank|first=Priscilla|date=June 19, 2018|work=Huffington Post|access-date=November 7, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wmCmueP-EQ&t=1780s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/6wmCmueP-EQ| archive-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live|title=Queers & Comics: Pioneers of Queer Women's Comics|last=Meire|first=Samantha|date=May 7, 2015|website=Youtube|type=Conference Presentation}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.podbean.com/media/share/pb-btiyq-69f5eb|title=Episode #63-Roberta Gregory, Mary Wings, & MORE! Queers & Comics 2017!!|last=Georges|first=Nicole|date=April 21, 2017|website=Sagittarian Matters|type=Podcast}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Anna|date=1996|title=Death and the Mainstream: Lesbian Detective Fiction and the Killing of the Coming-Out Story|journal=Feminist Studies|volume=22|issue=2|pages=251–258|doi=10.2307/3178413|jstor=3178413|hdl=2027/spo.0499697.0022.203|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

=== Comics === Wings was not originally a cartoonist or part of the 1970s underground comix movement when she created her first comic book, ''Come Out Comix.'' This comic book was created in response to Trina Robbins' comic in ''Wimmen's Comix'' #1, "Sandy Comes Out" — the first comic about lesbians.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Female Comics from Teens to Zines|last=Robbins|first=Trina|publisher=Chronicle Books|year=1999|isbn=0811821994|pages=91–92}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=No Straight Lines: Four Decades of Queer Comics|last=Hall|first=Justin|publisher=Fantagraphics Books, Inc.|year=2012|isbn=978-1-60699-506-8|location=Seattle|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/nostraightlinesf0000unse}}</ref> Wings was angered by "Sandy Comes Out," believing that the complex process of coming out was misrepresented by Robbins, a straight woman. She wrote ''Come Out Comix'' in seven days.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Wings self-published ''Come Out Comix,'' printing copies in the basement of a karate studio.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> The plot of this comic book focuses on the character Maggi, who is coming to terms with her lesbian identity and finding a lover in the process.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=Come Out Comix|last=Wings|first=Mary|year=1973}}</ref> ''Come Out Comix'' is influenced by the author's own experience of coming out.<ref name=":2" /> Wings was also attributed with creating the first homosexual non-erotic comic book because comic books pre-dating Wings often fetishized any homosexual themes.<ref name=":1" />

Wings later published two other comic books, ''Dyke Shorts'' and ''Are Your Highs Getting You Down?''. The latter, ''Are Your Highs Getting You Down'', was funded by a California Arts Council grant in 1979, tackled the growing issue of drug addiction and abuse.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://comixjoint.com/areyourhighsgettingyoudown.html|title=Are Your Highs Getting You Down? 2nd Printing at Comixjoint.com|website=comixjoint.com|access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref> She also contributed to Howard Cruse's publication, ''Gay Comix.'' She wrote comic strips for issue numbers one and two.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":72">{{Cite web|url=https://www.comics.org/issue/167514/|title=Gay Comix #1|website=www.comics.org|access-date=November 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":82">{{Cite web|url=https://www.comics.org/issue/167515/|title=Gay Comix #2|website=www.comics.org|access-date=November 7, 2018}}</ref>

Her comics became very popular in the lesbian community.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Rather than simply including lesbian characters in her comics, she addressed themes specific to the community such as coming out,<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://comixjoint.com/dykeshorts-sample1.html|title=Dyke Shorts sample page 1 at Comixjoint.com|website=comixjoint.com|access-date=November 23, 2018}}</ref> artificial insemination,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://comixjoint.com/dykeshorts-sample2.html|title=Dyke Shorts sample page 2 at Comixjoint.com|website=comixjoint.com|access-date=November 23, 2018}}</ref> discovering your parents' homosexuality,<ref name=":4" /> and writing lesbians into history.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":82" /> Because of her open addressing of homosexuality, her comic books were controversial. Notably, a shipment of her books were seized at the border of Canada due to the content.<ref name=":4" />

=== Novels === thumb|Colors of Mexico (Mary Wings, 2007) Although Wings started her career in comics, she later longed to create more complex plot lines, leading her to pursue fiction through novels rather than comics.<ref name=":2" />

Lesbian detective fiction first appeared in 1984 in response to the decline of the coming out story and the assertion of lesbian identity as separate from feminist theory. Wings was one of the originators of lesbian detective fiction, publishing her first mystery novel, ''She Came Too Late'', in England in 1986 and the United States in 1988.<ref name="contemporary" /><ref name=":5" /> ''She Came Too Late'' was a success and gave Wings notoriety as the book appeared for seven weeks on the London City Limits Bestseller List and won Best Novel of the Year in the 1986 Reader's Poll.<ref name="contemporary" /> She later wrote four other mysteries starring the same lesbian detective, Emma Victor.

Wings's only standalone novel, ''Divine Victim'', is a lesbian mystery-thriller that won the 1994 Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=http://www.lambdaliterary.org/winners-finalists/07/13/lambda-literary-awards-1993/|title=6th Annual Lambda Literary Awards|date=July 14, 1994|work=Lambda Literary|access-date=November 23, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-525-93626-8|title=Fiction Book Review: Divine Victim by Mary Wings|work=PublishersWeekly.com|access-date=November 23, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

=== Later projects === Wings worked on a new comics project entitled ''Old''.{{when|date=August 2024}} She created this comic in response to the lack of content appealing to people her age. She also hoped to fight stigmas related to ageism. Her comic may include paper doll cut-outs reminiscent of early comics for women.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" />

Wings discussed her work in news articles, and on podcasts.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> She gave talks at art schools on panels with artists like Trina Robbins and Lee Marrs.<ref name="Risen" />

== Personal life == Wings first heard the term lesbian when she was 19 years old, and she came out at age 21.<ref name=":4" /> Her mother did not understand Wings's identity, and she begged Wings not to tell her father.<ref name=":2" />

Her mother died when Wings was in her mid-twenties after unexpectedly being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.<ref name=":1" />

Around this time, Wings published ''Come Out Comix'' and her sexuality was made known to the public. Due to the Briggs Initiative, Wings feared that her open lesbianism would bar her from ever becoming a teacher in California, a childhood dream of hers.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/12/the-plight-of-being-a-lgbt-teacher/383619/|title=The Plight of Being a Gay Teacher|last=Machado|first=Amanda|date=December 16, 2014|work=The Atlantic|access-date=November 8, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

Wings also played the banjo in a band called Robin, Woody and Wings with Robin Flower and Woody Simmons. After her mother's death, Wings moved with her band to San Francisco. She later left the band.<ref name="contemporary" />

In 1980, Wings left San Francisco and moved to the Netherlands where she became fluent in Dutch.<ref name="contemporary" />

In 1987, Wings returned to San Francisco after the publication of her first novel. Upon her return, she became once again active with gay and lesbian causes, participating in the San Francisco Gay and Lesbian History Project and the Frameline Film Festival.<ref name="contemporary" /><ref name="selfwriting">{{citation |title=Lesbian Self-Writing: The Embodiment of Experience |first=Lynda |last=Hall |year=2000 |publisher=Haworth Press |isbn=1-56023-143-2 |page=159}}</ref>

Wings died from lung cancer at her home in San Francisco, on July 3, 2024, at the age of 75.<ref name = Risen/>

== Bibliography == {{Library resources box|by=yes|lcheading= Wings, Mary}}

=== Comic books === * ''Come Out Comix'' (1973)<ref name=":6" /> * ''Dyke Shorts'' (1978)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://comixjoint.com/dykeshorts.html|title=Dyke Shorts at Comixjoint.com|website=comixjoint.com|access-date=November 27, 2018}}</ref> * ''Are Your Highs Getting You Down?'' (1980)

=== Other comics contributions ===

* "A Visit From Mom" published in ''Gay Comix #1: Lesbians and Gay Men Put It On Paper!'' (1980)<ref name=":72" /> * "Child Labor"<ref name=":3" /> published in ''Gay Comix #2: One Step Ahead of the Homophobes!'' (1981)<ref name=":82" />

=== Novels === ''Divine Victim'' (1993) - Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery winner

'''Emma Victor series''' * ''She Came Too Late'' (1986) * ''She Came in a Flash'' (1988) * ''She Came by the Book'' (1995) * ''She Came to the Castro'' (1997) * ''She Came in Drag'' (1999)

=== Short stories ===

* "Kill the Man for Me" published in ''A Women's Eye'' fiction collection (1992)<ref name="contemporary" /> * "Mars Bar" published in ''Out/Look'' magazine<ref name="contemporary" />

=== Lectures ===

*''A Woman of Affairs'' with historian Eric Garber (1993) — The Life of Greta Garbo<ref name="contemporary" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.garboforever.com/Garbo_Related_Films-01.htm|title=GarboForever - A Woman of Affairs: Greta Garbo's Lesbian Past|website=www.garboforever.com|access-date=November 23, 2018}}</ref>

== References == <references />

== External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070807081043/http://www.lib.msu.edu/comics/rri/wrri/wine.htm Comic Art Collection, Michigan State University]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wings, Mary}} Category:1949 births Category:2024 deaths Category:20th-century American novelists Category:20th-century American women novelists Category:American LGBTQ novelists Category:American expatriates in the Netherlands Category:American women comics writers Category:American lesbian writers Category:American mystery novelists Category:Deaths from lung cancer in California Category:LGBTQ comics creators Category:LGBTQ crime writers Category:LGBTQ people from Illinois Category:Lambda Literary Award winners Category:Novelists from Chicago Category:Pacific Northwest College of Art alumni Category:Shimer College alumni Category:Writers from San Francisco Category:Writers of lesbian crime fiction