{{short description|French military title}} {{More citations needed|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox military rank | name = Marshal of France | native_name = {{lang|fr|Maréchal de France}} | image = [[File:Flag of Marshal of France.svg|border|100px]] | image_size = | alt = | caption = Rank flag | image2 = {{nobreak|[[File:Army-FRA-OF-10.svg|80px]][[File:France-Army-OF-10 Sleeve.svg|80px]]}} | image_size2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = Shoulder and sleeve insignia | image3 = | image_size3 = | alt3 = | caption3 = | country = France | service branch = [[French Army]] | abbreviation = | rank group = [[General officer]] | rank = | NATO rank = OF-10 | Non-NATO rank = | pay grade = | formation = 1185 | abolished = | higher rank = <!-- Highest rank --> | lower rank = [[Army general (France)|Army general]]{{efn|A military rank.}} | equivalents = [[Admiral of France]] | history = [[Marshal of the Empire]] }} '''Marshal of France''' ({{langx|fr|Maréchal de France}}, plural ''{{lang|fr|Maréchaux de France}}'') is a French military distinction, rather than a [[military rank]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Les grades dans l'armée de Terre|trans-title=Ranks in the French Army|language=French|website=[[Ministry of Armed Forces (France)|Ministry of Armed Forces]]|url=https://www.defense.gouv.fr/terre/grades-larmee-terre|quote=The marshalship is not a rank but a dignity.}}</ref> that is awarded to [[General officer|generals]] for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the [[Great Officers of the Crown of France]] during the {{lang|fr|[[Ancien Régime]]}} and [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]], and one of the [[Grand Dignitaries of the French Empire|Grand Dignitaries of the Empire]] during the [[First French Empire]] (when the title was [[Marshal of the Empire]], not Marshal of France).
Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of [[Marshal General of France]]: {{lang|fr|[[Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron|Biron]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières|Lesdiguières]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne|Turenne]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[Claude Louis Hector de Villars|Villars]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[Maurice de Saxe|Saxe]]}}, and {{lang|fr|[[Jean-de-Dieu Soult|Soult]]}}.
The distinction of [[Admiral of France]] is the equivalent in the [[French Navy]].
==History== The title derived from the office of ''marescallus Franciae'' created by King [[Philip II of France|Philip II Augustus]] for [[Albéric Clément]] about 1190.
The title was abolished by the [[National Convention]] in 1793. It was restored as Marshal of the Empire during the First French Empire by [[Napoleon]]. Under the Bourbon Restoration, the title reverted to Marshal of France, and [[Napoleon III]] kept that designation.
After the fall of Napoleon III and the [[Second French Empire]], the Third Republic did not use the title until the [[World War I|First World War]], when it was recreated as a military distinction and not a rank.
As with any official position, the distinction of Marshal of France is awarded by [[Decree#France|executive decree]]<ref>[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000321614 Decree of november 21st 1918 nominating Philippe Pétain as Marshall of France]</ref>, but usually after a special law voted by the [[French Parliament]].
The last living Marshal of France was [[Alphonse Juin]], promoted in 1952, who died in 1967. The latest Marshal of France was [[Marie-Pierre Kœnig]], who was made a Marshal posthumously in 1984. Today, the title of Marshal of France can only be granted to a general officer who fought victoriously in war-time.
==Insignia and symbols== A Marshal of France wears insignia consisting of seven stars on each shoulder strap. As a symbol of their rank, marshals are also presented with a ceremonial [[Baton (military)|baton]], a blue cylinder adorned with stars that historically featured [[fleur-de-lis|fleurs-de-lis]] under the monarchy and [[French Imperial Eagle|eagle]]s during the First French Empire. The baton bears the [[Latin]] motto ''Terror belli, decus pacis'', meaning "terror in war, ornament in peace".
<gallery mode="packed" heights="250px"> File:Musee-de-lArmee-IMG 1071.jpg|''Terror belli''... File:Musee-de-lArmee-IMG 1070.jpg|...''decus pacis'' File:Musee-de-lArmee-IMG 1072.jpg|Modern-day baton, belonging to one of the four Marshals of France appointed after World War II (Leclerc, de Lattre, Juin, and Kœnig) </gallery>
==Direct Capetians== ===Philip II, 1180–1223=== * [[Albéric Clément]], Lord of Le Mez (died 1191), Marshal of France in 1185 * [[Matthew II of Montmorency]], Lord of Montmorency and Marly, Marshal of France in 1191 * Guillaume de Bournel (died 1195), Marshal of France in 1192 * Nivelon d'Arras (died 1204), Marshal of France in 1202 * Henry I Clément, called the "Little Marshal", Lord of Le Mez and of [[Argentan]] (1170–1214), Marshal of France in 1204 * Jean III Clément, Lord of Le Mez and of Argentan (died 1262), Marshal of France in 1214 * Guillaume de la Tournelle (dates unknown), Marshal of France in 1220
===Louis IX, 1226–1270=== * Ferry Pasté, Lord of Challeranges (died 1247), Marshal of France in 1240 * Jean Guillaume de Beaumont (died 1257), Marshal of France in 1250 * Henri de Cousances (died 1268), Marshal of France in 1255 * Gauthier III, Lord of Nemours (died 1270), Marshal of France in 1257 * Henri II Clément, Lord of Le Mez and Argentan (died 1265), Marshal of France in 1262 * Héric de Beaujeu (died 1270), Marshal of France in 1265 * Renaud de Précigny (died 1270), Marshal of France in 1265 * Hugh of Mirepoix, Marshal of France in 1266<ref>Steven Runciman, ''The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century'', (Cambridge University Press, 2000), 93.</ref> * [[Raoul II Sores]] (died 1282), Marshal of France in 1270 * [[Lancelot de Saint-Maard]] (died 1278), Marshal of France in 1270
===Philip III, 1270–1285=== * Ferry de Verneuil (died 1283), Marshal of France in 1272 * Guillaume V du Bec Crespin (died 1283), Marshal of France in 1283 * [[Lords and Counts of Harcourt|Jean II d'Harcourt]], Viscount of Châtellerault, Lord of Harcourt (died 1302), Marshal of France in 1283 * Raoul V Le Flamenc (died 1287), Marshal of France in 1285
===Philip IV, 1285–1314=== * Jean de Varennes (died 1292), Marshal of France in 1288 * [[Simon de Melun]], Lord of La Loupe and of Marcheville (died 1302), Marshal of France in 1290 * [[Guy I of Clermont|Guy Ier de Clermont de Nesle]] (died 1302), Marshal of France in 1292 * [[Foulques du Merle]] (died 1314), Marshal of France in 1302 * [[Miles de Noyers|Miles VI de Noyers]] (died 1350), Marshal of France in 1302 * [[Jean de Corbeil]], Lord of Grez (died 1318), Marshal of France in 1308
===Louis X, 1314–1316=== * [[Jean IV de Beaumont]] (died 1318), Marshal of France in 1315
===Philip V, 1316–1322=== * [[Mathieu III de Trie|Mathieu de Trie]] (died 1344), Marshal of France in 1318 * Jean des Barres (dates unknown), Marshal of France in 1318 * [[Bernard VI of Moreuil|Bernard VI de Moreuil]], Lord of Moreuil (died 1350), Marshal of France in 1322
===Charles IV, 1322–1328=== * [[Robert VIII Bertrand de Bricquebec|Robert-Jean Bertran de Briquebec]], Baron of Briquebec, Viscount of Roncheville (1285–1348), Marshal of France in 1325
==Valois== ===Philip VI, 1328–1350=== * Anseau de Joinville (1265–1343), Marshal of France in 1339 * [[Charles I de Montmorency]]<!--Q2959418-->, Lord of Montmorency (1325–1381), Marshal of France in 1344 * Robert de Waurin, Lord of Saint-Venant (died 1360), Marshal of France in 1344 * [[Guy II de Nesle]], Lord of Offémont and of Mello (died 1352), Marshal of France in 1345 * [[Édouard I de Beaujeu]], Lord of Châteauneuf (1316–1351), Marshal of France in 1347
===Jean II 1350–1364=== * [[Arnoul d'Audrehem]], Lord of Audrehem (died 1370), Marshal of France in 1351 * [[Rogues de Hangest]], Lord of Avesnecourt (died 1352), Marshal of France in 1352 * [[Jean de Clermont]], Lord of Chantilly and of Beaumont (died 1356), Marshal of France in 1352 * [[Jean I Le Maingre]] (1310–1367), Marshal of France in 1356
===Charles V, 1364–1380=== * [[Jean IV de Mauquenchy]], Lord of Blainville (died 1391), Marshal of France in 1368 * [[Louis de Sancerre]], Count of Sancerre (1342–1402), Marshal of France in 1369
===Charles VI, 1380–1422=== * [[Jean II Le Maingre|Jean II Le Meingre]] (1364–1421), Marshal of France in 1391 * [[Jean II de Rieux]], Lord of Rochefort and of Rieux (1342–1417), Marshal of France in 1397 * Pierre de Rieux, Lord of Rochefort and of Rieux (1389–1439), Marshal of France in 1417 * Claude de Beauvoir, Lord of Chastellux and Viscount of Avallon (1385–1453), Marshal of France in 1418 * [[Jean de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam]] (1384–1437), Marshal of France in 1418 * Jacques de Montberon, Lord of Engoumois (died 1422), Marshal of France in 1418 * [[Gilbert Motier de La Fayette]] (1396–1464), Marshal of France in 1421 * Antoine de Vergy (died 1439), Marshal of France in 1422 * [[Jean de La Baume]], Count of Montrevel-en-Bresse (died 1435), Marshal of France in 1422
===Charles VII, 1422–1461=== * [[Amaury de Sévérac|Amaury de Séverac]], Lord of Beaucaire and of Chaude-Aigues (died 1427), Marshal of France in 1424 * [[Jean de Brosse]], Baron of Boussac and of Sainte-Sévère (1375–1433), Marshal of France in 1426 * [[Gilles de Rais]], Lord of Ingrande and of Champtocé ({{circa}} 1405 – 1440), Marshal of France in 1429 * [[André de Laval-Montmorency]], Lord of Lohéac and of Retz (1408–1486), Marshal of France in 1439 * [[Philippe de Culant]], Lord of Jaloignes, of La Croisette, of Saint-Armand and of Chalais (died 1454), Marshal of France in 1441 * [[Jean Poton de Xaintrailles]], Seneschal de Limousin (1390–1461), Marshal of France in 1454
===Louis XI, 1461–1483=== * [[Joachim Rouault|Joachim Rouhault de Gamaches]], Lord of Boismenard (died 1478), Marshal of France in 1461 * [[Jean de Lescun]], Count of Comminges (died 1473), Marshal of France in 1461 * [[Wolfert VI of Borselen|Wolfart VI Van Borselleen]], Lord of [[Veere]] in [[Zeeland]] and Earl of Buchan in Scotland (died 1487), Marshal of France in 1464 * Pierre de Rohan de Gié, Lord of Rohan (1450–1514), Marshal of France in 1476
===Charles VIII, 1483–1498=== * [[Philippe de Crèvecœur d'Esquerdes]] (1418–1494), Marshal of France in 1486 * [[Jean de Baudricourt]], Lord of Choiseul and Bailiff of Chaumont (died 1499), Marshal of France in 1486
==Valois-Orléans== ===Louis XII, 1498–1515=== * [[Gian Giacomo Trivulzio]], Marquis of Vigevano (1448–1518), Marshal of France in 1499 * [[Charles II d'Amboise]], Lord of Chaumont, of Meillan and of Charenton (1473–1511), Marshal of France in 1506 * [[Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec|Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec]], Viscount of Lautrec (1485–1528), Marshal of France in 1511 * [[Robert Stewart, 5th Lord of Aubigny|Robert Stewart, Lord of Aubigny]], Count of Lennox (1470–1544), Marshal of France in 1514
==Valois-Angoulême== ===Francis I 1515–1547=== * [[Jacques de La Palice|Jacques II de Chabannes]], Lord of La Palice (died 1525), Marshal of France in 1515 * [[Gaspard I de Coligny]], Lord of Châtillon-sur-Loing (died 1522), Marshal of France in 1516 * [[Thomas de Foix-Lescun]] (died 1525), Marshal of France in 1518 * [[Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency|Anne de Montmorency]], [[Duke of Montmorency]] and Baron of Damville, Count of Beaumont-sur-Oise and of Dammartin, Viscount of Melun, first Baron of France and Grand Master, [[Constable of France]] etc. (1492–1567), Marshal of France in 1522 * [[Teodoro Trivulzio|Théodor Trivulce]] (1458–1531), Marshal of France in 1526 * [[Robert III de La Marck]], Duke of Bouillon, Lord of Sedan (1491–1537), Marshal of France in 1526 * [[Claude d'Annebault|Claude d'Annebaut]] (1500–1552), Marshal of France in 1538 * René de Montjean (died 1538), Lord of Montjean, Marshal of France in 1538 * Oudard du Biez, Seigneur of Le Biez (died 1553), Marshal of France in 1542 * Antoine de Lettes-Desprez, Lord of Montpezat (1490–1544), Marshal of France in 1544 * Jean Caraccioli, Prince of Melphes (1480–1550), Marshal of France in 1544
===Henry II 1547–1559=== * [[Jacques d'Albon|Jacques d'Albon de Saint-André, Marquis of Fronsac]] (died 1562), Marshal of France 1547 * [[Robert IV de La Marck|Robert IV de La Marck, Duke of Bouillon and Prince of Sedan]] (1520–1556), Marshal of France in 1547<ref>Frederic J. Baumgartner, ''Henry II: King of France 1547–1559'', (Duke University Press, 1988), 56.</ref> * [[Charles de Cossé, Count of Brissac]] (1505–1563), Marshal of France in 1550 * [[Piero Strozzi|Pietro Strozzi]] (1500–1558), Marshal of France in 1554 * [[Paul de Thermes|Paul de La Barthe, Lord of Thermes]] (1482–1562), Marshal of France in 1558
===Francis II 1559–1560=== * [[François de Montmorency, 2nd Duke of Montmorency|François de Montmorency]], Duke of Montmorency (1530–1579), Marshal of France in 1559
===Charles IX, 1560–1574=== * [[François de Scépeaux]], Lord of Vieilleville (1509–1571), Marshal of France in 1562 * [[Imbert de La Platière|Imbert de La Plâtière]], Lord of Bourdillon (1524–1567), Marshal of France in 1562 * [[Henri de Montmorency, 3rd Duke of Montmorency|Henri I de Montmorency]], Lord of Damville, Duke of Montmorency, Count of Dammartin and Alais, Baron of Chateaubriant, Lord of Chantilly and Ecouen (1534–1614), Marshal of France in 1566 * [[Artus de Cossé|Artus de Cossé-Brissac]], Lord of Gonnor and Count of Secondigny (1512–1582), Marshal of France in 1567 * [[Gaspard de Saulx]], Lord of Tavannes (1509–1575), Marshal of France in 1570 * [[Honorat II of Savoy|Honorat II de Savoye]], Marquis of Villars (1511–1580), Marshal of France in 1571 * [[Albert de Gondi]], Duke of Retz (1522–1602), Marshal of France in 1573
===Henry III 1574–1589=== * [[Roger I de Saint-Lary]], Lord of Bellegarde (died 1579), Marshal of France in 1574 * [[Blaise de Monluc|Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, Seigneur de Montluc]] (1500–1577), Marshal of France in 1574 * [[Louis Prévost de Sansac]], Baron de Sansac (1496–1576), Marshal of France * [[Armand de Gontaut, Baron of Biron|Armand de Gontaut, Baron de Biron]] (1524–1592), Marshal of France in 1577 * [[Jacques II de Goyon]], Lord of Matignon and of Lesparre, Count of Thorigny, Prince of Mortagne sur Gironde (1525–1597), Marshal of France in 1579 * [[Jean VI d'Aumont]], Baron of Estrabonne, Count of Châteauroux (1522–1595), Marshal of France * [[Guillaume de Joyeuse]], Viscount of Joyeuse, Lord of Saint-Didier, of Laudun, of Puyvert and of Arques (1520–1592), Marshal of France in 1582
==Bourbons== [[File:Orn ext Maréchal de France.svg|thumb|Marshal's baton during the Bourbon monarchy]]
===Henry IV 1589–1610=== * [[Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon|Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Duc de Bouillon]] (1555–1623), Marshal of France in 1592 * [[Charles de Gontaut, 1st Duke of Biron|Charles de Gontaut, Duc de Biron]] (1562–1602), Marshal of France in 1594 * [[Claude de La Châtre]] (1536–1614), Marshal of France in 1594 * {{ill|Jean de Montluc de Balagny|fr|Jean de Montluc de Balagny}} (1560–1603), Marshal of France in 1594 * [[Charles de Cossé, 1st Duke of Brissac|Charles II de Cossé]], Duke of Brissac (1562–1621), Marshal of France in 1594 * [[Jean de Beaumanoir (marquis)|Jean III de Baumanoir, Marquis of Lavardin and Count of Nègrepelisse]] (1551–1614), Marshal of France in 1595 * [[Henri, Duke of Joyeuse]] (1567–1608), Marshal of France in 1595 * {{ill|Urbain de Montmorency-Laval|fr|Urbain de Laval Boisdauphin|lt=Urbain de Montmorency-Laval, Marquis of Sablé}} (1557–1629), Marshal of France in 1595 * [[Alphonse d'Ornano]] (1548–1610), Marshal of France in 1597 * {{ill|Guillaume de Hautemer de Grancey|fr|Guillaume de Hautemer de Grancey|lt=Guillaume de Hautemer, Count of Grancey}} (1537–1613), Marshal of France in 1597 * [[François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières]] (1543–1626), Marshal of France in 1608
===Louis XIII, 1610–1643=== [[File:Charles de Schomberg (Rouillard).jpg|thumb|[[Charles de Schomberg]]]]
* [[Concino Concini]], Marquis of Ancre (1575–1617), Marshal of France in 1613 * [[Gilles de Souvré, Marquis de Courtanvaux, Baron de Lezines|Gilles de Courtenvaux, Marquis of Souvré]] (1540–1626), Marshal of France in 1614 * [[Antoine de Roquelaure|Antoine, Baron de Roquelaure]] (1560–1625), Marshal of France in 1614 * {{ill|Louis de La Châtre de Maisonfort|fr|Louis de La Châtre|lt=Louis de La Châtre, Baron de Maisonfort}} (died 1630), Marshal of France in 1616 * {{ill|Pons de Lauzières-Thémines-Cardaillac|fr|Pons de Lauzières-Thémines|lt=Pons de Lauzières-Thémines-Cardaillac, Marquis of Thémines}} (1553–1627), Marshal of France in 1616 * {{ill|François de La Grange d'Arquian|fr|François de La Grange d'Arquian}}, Lord of Montigny and of Séry in Bérry (1554–1617), Marshal of France in 1616 * [[Nicolas de L'Hôpital]], Duke of Vitry (1581–1644), Marshal of France in 1617 * {{ill|Charles de Choiseul-Praslin, Marquis of Praslin|fr|Charles de Choiseul-Praslin (1563-1626)}} (1563–1626), Marshal of France in 1619 * {{ill|Jean-François de La Guiche|fr|Jean-François de La Guiche|lt=Jean-François de La Guiche, Count of La Palice}} (1569–1632), Marshal of France in 1619 * [[Honoré d'Albert, 1st Duke of Chaulnes|Honoré d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes]] (1581–1649), Marshal of France in 1620 * {{ill|François d'Esparbes de Lussan d'Aubeterre|fr|François d'Esparbès de Lussan d'Aubeterre|lt=François d'Esparbes de Lussan, Viscount of Aubeterre}} ({{circa|1571}}–1628), Marshal of France in 1620 * [[Charles de Blanchefort|Charles de Créquy, Prince of Poix, Duke of Lesdiguières]] (1580–1638), Marshal of France in 1621 * [[Jacques Nompar de Caumont, 1st Duke of La Force|Jacques Nompar de Caumont, Duke of La Force]] (1558–1652), Marshal of France in 1621 * [[François de Bassompierre|François, Marquis of Bassompierre]] (1579–1646), Marshal of France in 1622 * [[Gaspard III de Coligny|Gaspard de Coligny, Duke of Châtillon]] (1584–1646), Marshal of France in 1622 * [[Henri de Schomberg]] (1574–1632), Marshal of France in 1625 * [[Jean-Baptiste d'Ornano]] (1581–1626), Marshal of France in 1626 * [[François Annibal d'Estrées|François Annibal, Duc d'Estrées]] (1573–1670), Marshal of France in 1626 * [[Timoléon d'Espinay|Timoléon d'Epinay de Saint-Luc]] (1580–1644), Marshal of France in 1627 * [[Louis de Marillac]], Count of Beaumont-le-Roger (1572–1632), Marshal of France in 1629 * [[Henri de Montmorency, 4th Duke of Montmorency|Henri II, Duke of Montmorency and of Damville]], also [[Admiral of France]] (1595–1632), Marshal of France in 1630 * [[Jean Caylar d'Anduze de Saint-Bonnet|Jean Caylar d'Anduze de Saint-Bonnet, Marquis of Toiras]] (1585–1636), Marshal of France in 1630 * [[Antoine Coiffier de Ruzé, marquis d'Effiat|Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé d'Effiat]] (1581–1632), Marshal of France in 1631 * [[Urbain de Maillé, 1st Marquis of Brézé|Urbain de Maillé, Marquis of Brézé]] (1597–1650), Marshal of France in 1633 * [[Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully]] (1560–1641), Marshal of France in 1634 * [[Charles de Schomberg|Charles de Schomberg, Duke of Halluin]] (1601–1656), Marshal of France in 1637 * [[Charles de La Porte, 1st Duke of La Meilleraye|Charles de La Porte, Marquis of Meilleraye]] (1602–1664), Marshal of France in 1639 * [[Antoine de Gramont, 2nd Duke of Gramont|Antoine III, Duke of Gramont]] (1604–1678), Marshal of France in 1641 * [[Jean-Baptiste Budes, Comte de Guébriant|Jean-Baptiste Budes, Count of Guébriant]] (1602–1643), Marshal of France in 1642 * [[Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt|Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt, Duke of Cardona]] (1605–1657), Marshal of France in 1642 * [[François de L'Hospital|François de L'Hôpital, Count of Rosnay]] (1583–1660), Marshal of France in 1643 * [[Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne|Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne]] (1611–1675), Marshal of France in 1643, [[Marshal General of France]] in 1660 * [[Jean de Gassion|Jean, Count of Gassion]] (1609–1647), Marshal of France in 1643{{cn|date=March 2024}}
===Louis XIV, 1643–1715=== [[File:Sebastien le Prestre de Vauban.png|thumb|[[Sébastien Le Prestre, Marquis of Vauban|Sébastien de Vauban]]]]
* [[César de Choiseul, 1st Duke of Choiseul|César, Duke of Choiseul]] (1598–1675), Marshal of France in 1645 * [[Josias von Rantzau|Josias, Count of Rantzau]] (1609–1650), Marshal of France in 1645 * [[Nicolas de Neufville, 1st Duke of Villeroy|Nicolas de Neufville, Duke of Villeroi]] (1597–1685), Marshal of France in 1646 * [[Antoine d'Aumont, 1st Duke of Aumont|Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron, Duc d'Aumont]] (1601–1669), Marshal of France in 1651 * [[Jacques d'Étampes|Jacques d'Étampes, Marquis of la Ferté-Imbault]] (1590–1663), Marshal of France in 1651 * [[Henri de La Ferté-Senneterre|Henri, Duke of la Ferté-Senneterre]] (1600–1681), Marshal of France in 1651 * [[Charles de Monchy d'Hocquincourt|Charles de Monchy, Marquis d'Hocquincourt]] (1599–1658), Marshal of France in 1651 * [[Jacques Rouxel de Grancey|Jacques Rouxel, Count of Grancey]] (1603–1680), Marshal of France in 1651 * [[Armand Nompar de Caumont, 2nd Duke of La Force|Armand Nompar de Caumont, Duke of La Force]] (1582–1672), Marshal of France in 1652 * {{ill|Philippe de Clérambault de Palluau|fr|Philippe de Clérambault|lt=Philippe de Clérambault, Count of Palluau}} (1606–1665), Marshal of France in 1652 * [[César Phoebus d'Albret, Count of Miossens]] (1614–1676), Marshal of France in 1653 * {{ill|Louis de Foucault de Saint-Germain Beaupré|fr|Louis Foucault du Daugnon}} Count of Le Daugnon (1616–1659), Marshal of France in 1653 * [[Jean de Schulemberg|Jean de Schulemberg, Count of Montejeu]] (1597–1671), Marshal of France in 1658 * [[Abraham de Fabert|Abraham de Fabert, Marquis of Esternay]] (1599–1662), Marshal of France in 1658 * [[Jacques de Mauvisière de Castelnau|Jacques de Mauvisière, Marquis of Castelnau]] (1620–1658), Marshal of France in 1658 * [[Bernardin Gigault de Bellefonds|Bernardin Gigault, Marquis of Bellefonds]] (1630–1694), Marshal of France in 1668 * [[François de Créquy]], Marquis of Marines (1620–1687), Marshal of France in 1668 * [[Louis de Crevant, Duke of Humières]] (1628–1694), Marshal of France in 1668 * [[Godefroi, Comte d'Estrades|Godefroy d'Estrades]], Count of Estrades (1607–1686), Marshal of France in 1675 * {{ill|Philippe de Montaut-Bénac de Navailles|fr|Philippe de Montaut-Bénac de Navailles|lt=Philippe de Montaut-Bénac, Duke of Navailles}} (1619–1684), Marshal of France in 1675 * [[Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg|Frédéric Armand, Duke of Schomberg]] (1616–1690), Marshal of France in 1675 * [[Jacques Henri de Durfort, 1st Duke of Duras|Jacques Henri de Durfort, Duke of Duras]] (1626–1704), Marshal of France in 1675 * [[François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade|François d'Aubusson, Duke of la Feuillade]] (1625–1691), Marshal of France in 1675 * [[Louis Victor de Rochechouart, Duke of Vivonne|Louis Victor de Rochechouart, Duke of Mortemart ''le Maréchal de Vivonne'']] (1636–1688), Marshal of France in 1675 * [[François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg]] (1628–1695), Marshal of France in 1675 * {{ill|Henri Louis d'Aloigny de Rochefort|fr|Henri Louis d'Aloigny|lt=Henri Louis d'Aloigny, Marquis of Rochefort}} (1636–1676), Marshal of France in 1675 * [[Guy Aldonce de Durfort, 1st Duke of Quintin|Guy de Durfort, Duke of Lorges]] (1630–1702), Marshal of France in 1676 * [[Jean d'Estrées, Count of Estrées|Jean II, Count of Estrées]] 1624–1707), Marshal of France in 1681 * [[Claude de Choiseul, Marquis of Francières]] (1632–1711), Marshal of France in 1693 * [[Jean-Armand de Joyeuse, Marquis de Grandpré|Jean Armand de Joyeuse, Marquis of Grandpré]] (1632–1710), Marshal of France in 1693 * [[François de Neufville, 2nd Duke of Villeroy|François de Neufville, Duke of Villeroi]] (1644–1730), Marshal of France in 1693 * [[Louis-François de Boufflers|Louis François, duc de Boufflers, comte de Cagny]] (1644–1711), Marshal of France in 1693 * [[Anne Hilarion de Tourville|Anne-Hilarion de Costentin, Count of Tourville]] (1642–1701), Marshal of France in 1693 * [[Anne Jules de Noailles, 2nd Duke of Noailles|Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles]] (1650–1708), Marshal of France in 1693 * [[Nicolas Catinat]] (1637–1712), Marshal of France in 1693 * [[Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme|Louis Joseph de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme]] (1654–1712), Marshal of France in 1695 * [[Claude Louis Hector de Villars, 1st Duke of Villars|Claude Louis Hector, Duke of Villars]] (1653–1734), Marshal of France in 1702, [[Marshal General of France]] in 1733 * [[Noël Bouton de Chamilly|Noël Bouton, Marquis of Chamilly]] (1636–1715), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[Victor-Marie d'Estrées|Victor Marie, Duc d'Estrées]] (1660–1737), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[François Louis Rousselet de Châteaurenault|François Louis Rousselet, Marquis of Château-Renault]] (1637–1716), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[Sébastien Le Prestre, Marquis of Vauban]] (1633–1707), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[Conrad von Rosen|Conrad, Marquis of Rosen]] (1628–1715), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[Nicolas Chalon du Blé|Nicolas Chalon du Blé, Marquis of Huxelles]] (1652–1730), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[René de Froulay, Count of Tessé]] (1651–1725), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard]] (1652–1728), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[Nicolas Auguste de La Baume|Nicolas Auguste de La Baume, Marquis of Montrevel]] (1636–1716), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[Henri d'Harcourt, 1st Duke of Harcourt|Henry, duc d'Harcourt]] (1654–1718), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[Ferdinand de Marsin|Ferdinand, Count of Marsin]] (1656–1706), Marshal of France in 1703 * [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]] (1670–1734), Marshal of France in 1706 * [[Charles Auguste de Goyon, Count of Gacé|Charles Auguste Goyon, Count of Matignon]] (1647–1729), Marshal of France in 1708 * [[Jacques Bazin de Bezons|Jacques de Bazin, Marquis of Bezons]] (1645–1733), Marshal of France in 1709 * [[Pierre de Montesquiou d'Artagnan|Pierre de Montesquiou, Count of Artagnan]] (1645–1725), Marshal of France in 1709 ''N.B.: not the famous [[D'Artagnan]], but a relative''
===Louis XV, 1715–1774=== [[File:Maurice de Saxe (1696-1750).PNG|thumb|[[Maurice de Saxe]]]]
* [[Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie]] (1646–1727), Marshal of France in 1724 * [[Antoine Gaston de Roquelaure|Antoine Gaston Jean Baptiste, Duke of Roquelaure]] (1656–1738), Marshal of France in 1724<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Vol 23, Ed. Hugh Chisholm, (1911), 719.</ref> * [[Jacques Eléonor Rouxel de Grancey|Jacques Rouxel, Count of Grancey and of Médavy]] (1655–1725), Marshal of France in 1724 * [[Éléonor Marie du Maine du Bourg|Éléonor du Maine, Count of Le Bourg]] (1655–1739), Marshal of France in 1724 * [[Yves d'Alègre|Yves, marquis d'Alègre]] (1653–1733), Marshal of France in 1724 * [[Louis d'Aubusson de La Feuillade|Louis d'Aubusson, Duke of la Feuillade]] (1673–1725), Marshal of France in 1724 * [[Antoine de Gramont, 4th Duke of Gramont|Antoine V, Duke of Gramont]] (1671–1725), Marshal of France in 1724 * [[Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon|Alain Emmanuel, Marquis of Coëtlogon]] (1646–1730), Marshal of France in 1730 * [[Charles Armand de Gontaut, Duke of Biron|Charles de Gontaut, Duke of Biron]] (1663–1756), Marshal of France in 1734 * [[Jacques François de Chastenet de Puységur|Jacques de Chastenet, Marquis of Puységur]] (1665–1743), Marshal of France in 1734 * [[Claude François Bidal d'Asfeld|Claude Bidal, Marquis of Asfeld]] (1665–1743), Marshal of France in 1734 * [[Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd Duke of Noailles|Adrien-Maurice, 3rd duc de Noailles]] (1678–1766), Marshal of France in 1734 * [[Christian Louis de Montmorency-Luxembourg|Christian Louis de Montmorency-Luxembourg, Prince de Tingry]] (1713–1787), Marshal of France in 1734 * [[François Marie de Broglie, 1st Duke of Broglie|François Marie II, Duke of Broglie]] (1671–1745), Marshal of France in 1734 * [[François de Franquetot de Coigny|François de Franquetot, Duke of Coigny]] (1670–1759), Marshal of France in 1734 * {{ill|Charles Eugène de Lévis-Charlus|fr|Charles-Eugène de Lévis-Charlus|lt=Charles, Duke of Lévis-Charlus}} (1669–1734), Marshal of France in 1734{{cn|date=March 2024}} * [[Louis, Marquis of Brancas and Prince of Nisaro|Louis de Brancas de Forcalquier, Marquis of Céreste]] (1671–1750), Marshal of France in 1740 * [[Louis Auguste d'Albert, 4th Duke of Chaulnes|Louis Auguste d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes]] (1676–1744), Marshal of France in 1741 * {{ill|Louis Armand de Brinchanteau de Nangis|fr|Louis Armand de Brichanteau|lt=Louis Armand de Brichanteau, Duke of Nangis}} (1682–1742), Marshal of France in 1741 * {{ill|Louis de Gand de Mérode de Montmorency|fr|Louis de Gand de Mérode de Montmorency|lt=Louis de Gand de Mérode de Montmorency, prince d'Isenghien}} (1678–1762), Marshal of France in 1741 * [[Jean Baptiste de Durfort, 3rd Duke of Duras|Jean-Baptiste de Durfort, Duke of Duras]] (1684–1778), Marshal of France in 1741 * [[Jean-Baptiste François des Marets, marquis de Maillebois|Jean-Baptiste Desmarets, Marquis of Maillebois]] (1682–1762), Marshal of France in 1741 * [[Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, Duke of Belle-Isle|Charles Fouquet, Duke of Belle-Isle]], called ''the Marshal of Belle-Isle'' (1684–1762), Marshal of France in 1741 * [[Maurice de Saxe|Maurice, comte de Saxe]] (1696–1750), Marshal of France in 1741, [[Marshal General of France]] in 1747 * [[Jean-Baptiste Louis Andrault de Maulévrier|Jean-Baptiste Andrault, Marquis of Maulévrier]] (1677–1754), Marshal of France in 1745 * [[Claude-Guillaume Testu|Claude Testu, Marquis of Balincourt]] (1680–1770), Marshal of France in 1746 * [[Philippe Charles de La Fare|Philippe Charles, Marquis of la Fare]] (1687–1752), Marshal of France in 1746 * [[François d'Harcourt (Marshal of France)|François, duc d'Harcourt]] (1689–1750), Marshal of France in 1746 * [[Guy-Claude-Roland de Laval-Montmorency|Guy, Count of Montmorency-Laval]] (1677–1751), Marshal of France in 1747 * [[Gaspard de Clermont-Tonnerre|Gaspard, Duke of Clermont-Tonnerre]] 1688–1781, Marshal of France in 1747 * {{ill|Louis Charles de La Mothe-Houdancourt|fr|Louis Charles de La Mothe-Houdancourt|lt=Louis Charles, Marquis of La Mothe-Houdancourt}} (1687–1755), Marshal of France in 1747 * [[Ulrich Friedrich Woldemar von Löwendal|Ulrich, Count of Löwendahl]] (1700–1755), Marshal of France in 1747 * [[Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, 3rd Duke of Richelieu|Louis François Armand du Plessis, duc de Richelieu]] (1696–1788), Marshal of France in 1748 * {{ill|Jean Hector de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg|fr|Jean Hector de Faÿ de La Tour-Maubourg|lt=Jean de Fay, Marquis of la Tour-Maubourg}} (1684–1764), Marshal of France in 1757 * [[Louis Antoine de Gontaut, 6th Duke of Biron|Louis Antoine de Gontaut]] (1701–1788), Count (afterwards Duke) of Biron, Marshal of France in 1757 * {{ill|Daniel François de Gélas de Lautrec|fr|Daniel François de Gélas de Lautrec|lt=Daniel François de Gélas de Voisons d'Ambres, Viscount of Lautrec}} (1686–1762), Marshal of France in 1757 * [[Charles II François Frédéric de Montmorency-Luxembourg|Charles François Frédéric de Montmorency, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg]] (1702–1764), Marshal of France in 1757 * [[Louis Charles César Le Tellier, Duke of Estrées|Louis Le Tellier, Duc d'Estrées]] (1695–1771), Marshal of France in 1757 * [[Jean Charles de Saint-Nectaire|Jean Charles de la Ferté]], Marquis of La Ferté Senneterre (1685–1770), Marshal of France in 1757 * [[Charles O'Brien, 8th Earl of Thomond|Charles O'Brien de Thomond]], Count of Thomond and of Clare (1699–1761), Marshal of France in 1757 * [[Gaston Pierre de Lévis]], Duke of Mirepoix (1699–1758), Marshal of France in 1757 * [[Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny]] (1689–1778), Marshal of France in 1758 * [[Hubert de Brienne|Hubert de Brienne, Count of Conflans]] (1690–1777), Marshal of France in 1758 * [[Louis Georges Érasme de Contades|Louis Georges, Marquis of Contades]] (1704–1793), Marshal of France in 1758 * [[Charles, Prince of Soubise|Charles de Rohan, Prince of Soubise]] (1715–1787), Marshal of France in 1758 * [[Victor François de Broglie, 2nd Duke of Broglie|Victor François, Duke de Broglie]] (1718–1804), Marshal of France in 1759 * [[François-Charles de Bourlamaque]] (1716-1764), Marshal of France in 1763 * [[Guy Michel de Durfort, 2nd Duke of Lorges|Guy Michel de Durfort de Lorge, Duke of Randan]] (1704–1773), Marshal of France in 1768 * [[Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières|Louis de Brienne de Conflans, Marquis of Armentières]] (1711–1774), Marshal of France in 1768 * [[Jean Paul Timoléon de Cossé, 7th Duke of Brissac|Jean de Cossé, Duke of Brissac]] (1698–1780), Marshal of France in 1768
===Louis XVI, 1774–1792=== [[File:Ségur, maréchal de.jpg|thumb|[[Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur|Philippe de Ségur]]]]
* [[Anne Pierre d'Harcourt|Anne Pierre, Duke of Harcourt]] (1701–1783), Marshal of France in 1775 * [[Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles|Louis, 4th duc de Noailles]] (1713–1793), Marshal of France in 1775 * [[Nicolay family|Antoine, Count of Nicolaï]] (1712–1787), Marshal of France in 1775 * [[Charles de Fitz-James, 4th Duke of Fitz-James|Charles, Duke of Fitz-James]] (1712–1787), Marshal of France in 1775 * [[Philippe de Noailles|Philippe, Duke of Mouchy]] (1715–1794), Marshal of France in 1775 * [[Emmanuel Félicité de Durfort, 4th Duke of Duras|Emmanuel de Durfort, Duke of Duras]] (1715–1789), Marshal of France in 1775 * [[Louis Nicolas Victor de Félix d'Ollières|Louis Nicolas, Duc du Muy]] (1702–1775), Marshal of France in 1775 * [[Claude Louis, Comte de Saint-Germain|Claude, Count of Saint-Germain]] (1707–1778), Marshal of France in 1775 * [[Guy André Pierre de Montmorency-Laval|Guy de Montmorency, Duke of Laval]] (1723–1798), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[Augustin-Joseph de Mailly|Augustin, Count of Mailly]] (1708–1794), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[Henri Joseph Bouchard d'Esparbès de Lussan d'Aubeterre|Henri Bouchard de Lussan, Marquis of Aubeterre]] (1714–1788), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[Charles Juste de Beauvau, 2nd Prince of Craon|Charles de Beauvau, Prince of Beauvau-Craon]] (1720–1793), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[Noël Jourda de Vaux|Noël Jourda, Count of Vaux]] (1705–1788), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur]] (1724–1801), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[Jacques Philippe de Choiseul, Duke of Stainville|Jacques de Choiseul-Stainville, Count of Choiseul]] (1727–1789), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[Charles Eugène Gabriel de La Croix|Charles de La Croix, Marquis of Castries]] (1727–1801), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[Emanuel, Prince of Solre, 7th Duke of Croÿ|Emmanuel de Croÿ-Solre, Duke of Croÿ]] (1718–1784), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[François Gaston de Lévis|François Gaston de Lévis, Duc de Lévis]] (1719–1787), Marshal of France in 1783 * [[Nicolas Luckner]], Comte Luckner (1722–1794), Marshal of France since in 1791 * [[Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau]] (1725–1807), Marshal of France in 1791
==First Empire== {{main|Marshal of the Empire}} [[File:Napoleonic Marshal baton.svg|thumb|right|Graphic representation of a Marshal's baton during the First French Empire]]
===Napoleon I, 1804–1814, 1815=== Throughout his reign, Napoleon created a total of twenty-six Marshals of the Empire:<ref>R.P. Dunn-Pattison ''Napoleon's Marshals'' Methuen 1909 – Reprinted Empiricus Books 2001.</ref>
[[File:Marechal Ney.jpg|thumb|[[Michel Ney]], who received his marshal's baton on 19 May 1804]]
* [[Louis-Alexandre Berthier]], Prince of Neuchâtel and [[Princes of Wagram|of Wagram]], Duke of Valangin (1753–1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Joachim Murat]], Prince of the Empire, [[Duchy of Berg|Grand Duke of Berg]], [[Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)|King of Naples]] (1767–1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey, duc de Conegliano|Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey]], Duke of Conégliano (1754–1842), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Jean-Baptiste Jourdan]], Count of the Empire (1762–1833), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[André Masséna]], Duke of Rivoli, [[Prince of Essling]] (1758–1817), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Charles-Pierre Augereau|Pierre Augereau]], Duke of Castiglione (1757–1816), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Charles XIV John|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]] (1763–1844), [[Principality of Pontecorvo|Prince of Pontecorvo]], King of Sweden and Norway under the name Charles XIV John (1818–1844), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Guillaume Brune|Guillaume Marie-Anne Brune]], Count of the Empire (1763–1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult]], Duke of Dalmatie (1769–1851), Marshal of the Empire in 1804, [[Marshal General of France]] in 1847 * [[Jean Lannes]], [[Duc de Montebello|Duke of Montebello]] (1769–1809), Marshal of the Empire in 1804{{KIA}} * [[Édouard Mortier, Duke of Treviso|Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise]] (1768–1835), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Michel Ney]], [[Prince de la Moskowa|Duke of Elchingen]], Prince of the Moskva (1769–1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Louis-Nicolas Davout]], Duke of Auerstädt, Prince of Eckmühl (1770–1823), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * [[Jean-Baptiste Bessières, duc d'Istrie|Jean-Baptiste Bessières]], Duke of Istria (1768–1813), Marshal of the Empire in 1804{{KIA}} * [[François Christophe de Kellermann]], Duke of Valmy (1737–1820), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary) * [[François Joseph Lefebvre, duc de Dantzig|François Joseph Lefebvre]], Duke of Danzig (1755–1820), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary) * [[Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon]], Marquis of Grenade (1754–1818), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary) * [[Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier]], Count of the Empire (1742–1819), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary) * [[Claude-Victor Perrin|Claude Victor-Perrin]], Duke of Belluno (1764–1841), Marshal of the Empire in 1807 * [[Étienne Macdonald, duc de Tarente|Jacques MacDonald]], Duke of Tarento (1765–1840), Marshal of the Empire in 1809 * [[Nicolas Oudinot]], Duke of Reggio (1767–1847), Marshal of the Empire in 1809 * [[Auguste de Marmont]], Duke of Ragusa (1774–1852), Marshal of the Empire in 1809 * [[Louis-Gabriel Suchet, duc d'Albuféra|Louis-Gabriel Suchet]], Duke of Albufera (1770–1826), Marshal of the Empire in 1811 * [[Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr]], Marquis of Gouvion-Saint-Cyr (1764–1830), Marshal of the Empire in 1812 * [[Józef Poniatowski]], Polish Prince Poniatowski (1763–1813), Marshal of the Empire in 1813{{KIA}} * [[Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy|Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis of Grouchy]] (1766–1847), Marshal of the Empire in 1815
The names of nineteen of these have been given to successive stretches of boulevards encircling [[Paris]], which has thus been nicknamed the ''Boulevards des Maréchaux'' ([[Boulevards of the Marshals]]). Another three Marshals have been honored with a street elsewhere in the city. The four Marshals banned from memory are: Bernadotte and Marmont, considered as traitors; Pérignon, stricken off the list by Napoleon in 1815; and Grouchy, regarded as responsible for the defeat at Waterloo.
==Restoration== ===Louis XVIII, 1815–1824=== [[File:Jacques Alexandre Law de Lauriston (Godefroid).jpg|thumb|[[Jacques Lauriston]]]]
* [[Georges Cadoudal]] (1771–1804), Marshal of France in 1814 (''posthumous'') * [[Jean Victor Marie Moreau]] (1763–1813), Marshal of France in 1814 (''posthumous'') * [[François-Henri de Franquetot de Coigny]], Duke of Coigny (1737–1821), Marshal of France in 1816 * [[Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke]], Duke of Feltre (1765–1818), Marshal of France in 1816 * [[Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville|Pierre Riel de Beurnonville]], Marquis of Beurnonville (1752–1821), Marshal of France in 1816 * [[Charles du Houx, Marquis of Vioménil|Charles Joseph Hyacinthe du Houx de Viomesnil]], Marquis of Viomesnil (1734–1827), Marshal of France in 1816 * [[Jacques Lauriston|Jacques Alexandre Law]], Marquis of Lauriston (1768–1828), Marshal of France in 1823 * [[Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor]], Count Molitor (1770–1849), Marshal of France in 1823
===Charles X, 1824–1830=== * [[Louis Aloysius, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein|Louis Aloy de Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein]], Prince of Hohnlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (1765–1829), Marshal of France in 1827 * [[Nicolas Joseph Maison]], Marquis Maison (1771–1840), Marshal of France in 1829 * [[Louis-Auguste-Victor, Count de Ghaisnes de Bourmont|Louis Auguste Victor de Ghaisne de Bourmont]], Count of Bourmont (1773–1846), Marshal of France in 1830
==July Monarchy== ===Louis-Philippe 1830–1848=== [[File:Court - Sylvain Charles Valée (1773-1846) - MV 1176.jpg|thumb|[[Sylvain Charles Valée]]]]
* [[Étienne Maurice Gérard]], Count Gérard (1773–1852), Marshal of France in 1830 * [[Bertrand Clauzel]], Count Clauzel (1772–1842), Marshal of France in 1831 * [[Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy|Emmanuel de Grouchy]], Marquis of Grouchy (1766–1847), Marshal of France in 1831 * [[Georges Mouton]], Count Lobau (1770–1838), Marshal of France in 1831 * [[Sylvain Charles Valée]], Count Valée (1773–1846), Marshal of France in 1837 * [[Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta|Horace Sébastiani]], Count Sébastiani (1772–1851), Marshal of France in 1840 * [[Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon|Jean-Baptiste Drouet]], Count d'Erlon (1765–1844), Marshal of France in 1843 * [[Thomas Robert Bugeaud]], Duke of Isly (1784–1849), Marshal of France in 1843 * [[Honoré Charles Reille]], Count Reille (1775–1860), Marshal of France in 1847 * [[Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie]], Viscount de la Brunerie (1775–1851), Marshal of France in 1847
==Second Republic== ===Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1848–1852=== [[File:Rémy-Isidore Exelmans.jpg|thumb|[[Rémy Joseph Isidore Exelmans|Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans]]]]
* [[Jérôme Bonaparte]], former King of Westphalia (1784–1860), Marshal of France in 1850 * [[Rémy Joseph Isidore Exelmans|Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans]], Count Exelmans (1775–1852), Marshal of France in 1851 * [[Jean Isidore Harispe]], Count Harispe (1768–1855), Marshal of France in 1851 * [[Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant]], Count Vaillant (1790–1872), Marshal of France in 1851 * [[Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud]] (1798–1854), Marshal of France in 1852 * [[Bernard Pierre Magnan]] (1791–1865), Marshal of France in 1852 * [[Boniface de Castellane]], Marquis of Castellane (1788–1862), Marshal of France in 1852
==Second Empire== ===Napoleon III, 1852–1870=== [[File:RANDON2.jpg|thumb|[[Jacques Louis Randon]]]]
* [[Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers]], Count Baraguey d'Hilliers (1795–1878), Marshal of France in 1854 * [[Aimable Pélissier]], Duke of Malakoff (1794–1864), Marshal of France in 1855 * [[Jacques Louis Randon]], Count Randon (1795–1871), Marshal of France in 1856 * [[François Certain de Canrobert]] (1809–1895), Marshal of France in 1856 * [[Pierre Bosquet]] (1810–1861), Marshal of France in 1856 * [[Patrice de MacMahon]], Duke of Magenta (1809–1893), Marshal of France in 1859 * [[Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély]] (1794–1870), Marshal of France in 1859 * [[Adolphe Niel]] (1802–1869), Marshal of France in 1859 * [[Philippe Antoine d'Ornano]], Count of Ornano (1784–1863), Marshal of France in 1861 * [[Élie Frédéric Forey]] (1804–1872), Marshal of France in 1863 * [[François Achille Bazaine]] (1811–1888), Marshal of France in 1864 * [[Edmond Le Bœuf]] (1809–1888), Marshal of France in 1870
==Third Republic== [[File:Maarschalk Ferdinand Foch (1851-1929), Bestanddeelnr 158-1095 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Ferdinand Foch]]]]
===Raymond Poincaré, 1913–1920=== * [[Joseph Joffre]] (1852–1931), Marshal of France in 1916 * [[Ferdinand Foch]] (1851–1929), Marshal of France in 1918 * [[Philippe Pétain]] (1856–1951), Marshal of France in 1918
===Alexandre Millerand, 1920–1924=== * [[Joseph Gallieni]] (1849–1916), Marshal of France in 1921 (''posthumous'') * [[Hubert Lyautey]] (1854–1934), Marshal of France in 1921 * [[Louis Franchet d'Espèrey]] (1856–1942), Marshal of France in 1921 * [[Émile Fayolle|Marie Émile Fayolle]] (1852–1928), Marshal of France in 1921 * [[Michel-Joseph Maunoury]] (1847–1923), Marshal of France in 1923 (''posthumous'')
==Fourth Republic== ===Vincent Auriol, 1947–1954=== * [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]] (1889–1952), Marshal of France in 1952 (''posthumous'') * [[Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque]] (1902–1947), Marshal of France in 1952 (''posthumous'') * [[Alphonse Juin]] (1888–1967), Marshal of France in 1952
==Fifth Republic== ===François Mitterrand, 1981–1995=== * [[Marie-Pierre Kœnig]] (1898–1970), Marshal of France in 1984 (''posthumous'')
==Refused== This distinction was refused by:
* [[Louis-Eugène Cavaignac|Eugène Cavaignac]] (1802–1857), head of the [[Cabinet of General Cavaignac|Government of the Second Republic]], in 1848 * [[Louis-Jules Trochu]] (1815–1896), head of the [[Government of National Defense]], in 1871 * [[Charles de Gaulle]] (1890–1970), president of the [[Provisional Government of the French Republic]], in 1946.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bering |first=Henrik |date=February 1, 2013 |title=The Audacity of de Gaulle |url=https://www.hoover.org/research/audacity-de-gaulle |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en}}</ref>
==See also== * [[Admiral of France]] * [[Constable of France]] * [[Marshal of the Empire]] * [[Marshal General of France]]
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marshals of France}} [[Category:Marshals of France| ]] [[Category:Lists of field marshals|France]] [[Category:Lists of French military personnel]] [[Category:Military ranks of France]]