Marla Spivak

{{short description|American entomologist}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Marla Spivak | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = Spivak in 2010 | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1955}}  | birth_place = Denver, Colorado<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|title=Ten Entomologists Join the Ranks of Fellows of the Entomological Society of America | Entomological Society of America|access-date=2017-11-09|archive-date=2017-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110061733/http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|url-status=dead}}</ref> | death_date =  | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates =  | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = entomology | workplaces = University of Minnesota | patrons = | alma_mater = California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, University of Kansas | thesis_title =  | thesis_url =  | thesis_year =  | doctoral_advisor = Dr. Orley (Chip) Taylor<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|title=Ten Entomologists Join the Ranks of Fellows of the Entomological Society of America | Entomological Society of America|access-date=2017-11-09|archive-date=2017-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110061733/http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.beelab.umn.edu/sites/beelab.umn.edu/files/back-on-feet.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-10-25 |archive-date=2017-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713040408/https://www.beelab.umn.edu/sites/beelab.umn.edu/files/back-on-feet.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | academic_advisors = Dr. Gloria Degrandi-Hoffman and Dr. Martha Gilliam<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|title=Ten Entomologists Join the Ranks of Fellows of the Entomological Society of America | Entomological Society of America|access-date=2017-11-09|archive-date=2017-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110061733/http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|url-status=dead}}</ref> | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Bee research<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beelab.umn.edu/ |title=Home |website=beelab.umn.edu}}</ref> | influences = | influenced = | awards = MacArthur Fellowship, Siehl Prize for Excellence in Agriculture, Women of Discovery Award, Fellow of the Entomological Society of America,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|title=Ten Entomologists Join the Ranks of Fellows of the Entomological Society of America|access-date=November 9, 2017|archive-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110061733/http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2003 Hambleton Award from the Eastern Apicultural Society<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.easternapiculture.org/awards/previos-award-winners.html |title=Previous Hambleton Award Recipients |access-date=November 11, 2017 |archive-date=September 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901005326/http://www.easternapiculture.org/awards/previos-award-winners.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse =  | partner =  | children = | signature =  | signature_alt = | website = {{URL|beelab.umn.edu}} | footnotes = }}

'''Marla Spivak''' (born 1955) is an American entomologist, and Distinguished McKnight University Professor at the University of Minnesota specializing in apiculture and social insects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entomology.umn.edu/People/GradFaculty/Spivak/ |title=Marla Spivak : Department of Entomology : College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences : University of Minnesota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825090039/http://www.entomology.umn.edu/People/GradFaculty/Spivak/ |archive-date=2014-08-25 }}</ref>

==Career and research== Spivak graduated with a B.A. from Humboldt State University and a Ph.D. from the University of Kansas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/43/|title=Marla Spivak — MacArthur Foundation|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.entomology.umn.edu/faculty-staff/marla-spivak|title=Marla Spivak|last=dalyx224|date=2014-08-11|website=Department of Entomology|language=en|access-date=2019-03-07}}</ref> She is particularly well known for her work breeding lines of honey bees that detect and quickly remove diseased larvae and pupae, which is called hygienic behavior.<ref name="Spivak et al 2008">{{cite journal|url=https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/the-future-of-the-mn-hygienic-stock-of-bees-is-in-good-hands|title=The Future of the MN Hygienic Stock of Bees is in Good Hands!|last=Spivak|first=Marla|date=December 2008|journal=American Bee Journal|volume=149|issue=10|pages=965–967|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Spivak_(2008)">{{cite web |last1=Spivak |first1=Marla |title=The Future of the MN Hygienic Stock of Bees is in Good Hands! |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279896898 |website=ResearchGate |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> Spivak has extensively studied the causes and impacts of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), a phenomenon where honey bee hives are abandoned by their worker bees. She attributes CCD to a combination of factors, including parasites, diseases, poor nutrition, pesticide poisonings, and habitat loss. Her research aims to identify stress factors that compromise bee immune systems and develop methods to mitigate these stresses.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://new.nsf.gov/news/marla-spivak-scientist-real-bee-her-bonnet | title=Marla Spivak: A Scientist with a Real Bee in Her Bonnet | NSF - National Science Foundation | date=7 July 2011 }}</ref> She was instrumental in setting up the first bee Tech-Transfer Team in the United States,<ref name="McNeil 2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.beelab.umn.edu/sites/beelab.umn.edu/files/back-on-feet.pdf|title=Getting bees back on their own six feet|last=McNeil|first=M.E.A.|date=September 2010|work=American Bee Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081530/https://www.beelab.umn.edu/sites/beelab.umn.edu/files/back-on-feet.pdf|access-date=October 25, 2016|archive-date=2019-03-08}}</ref><ref name="Lee 2011- Bee Informed Partnership Blog">{{cite web|url=https://beeinformed.org/2011/06/07/origins/|title=Origins|last=Lee|first=Katie|date=June 2011|work=Bee Informed Partnership Blog|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129044200/https://beeinformed.org/2011/06/07/origins/|access-date=October 25, 2016|archive-date=2020-11-29}}</ref> which continues to help honey bee queen breeders select for disease resistance traits.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beeinformed.org/programs/tech-teams/|title=Tech Teams - Bee Informed Partnership|publisher=|access-date=2016-10-25|archive-date=2017-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025222556/https://beeinformed.org/programs/tech-teams/|url-status=dead}}</ref> More recently, she has begun studying the role of resins, which bees collect and mix with wax to make propolis coatings on the inside of their hives, as an example of honey bee social immunity.<ref name="Spivak 2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.beelab.umn.edu/prod/groups/cfans/@pub/@cfans/@bees/documents/article/cfans_article_435997.pdf|title=The Benefits of Propolis|last=Spivak|first=Marla|date=March 2013|work=Bee Craft Magazine|access-date=August 8, 2015|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211051537/http://www.beelab.umn.edu/prod/groups/cfans/@pub/@cfans/@bees/documents/article/cfans_article_435997.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her lab also studies the effect of the surrounding landscape on the health and nutrition of both honey bees and native bees.<ref name="Miller 2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.mprnews.org/story/2013/04/01/daily-circuit-saving-the-bees|title=With hives in sharp decline, expert calls for bee-friendly flowers|last=Miller|first=Kerri|date=April 1, 2013|work=MPR News|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref>

==Awards== She was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship grant in 2010 for her work with honey bees.<ref name="Ross">{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/103973263.html|title=Buzz about U professor is 'genius'|last=Ross|first=Jenna|date=September 28, 2010|work=Star Tribune|access-date=April 25, 2014|archive-date=April 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232222/http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/103973263.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Horn2011">{{cite book|last=Horn|first=Tammy|title=Beeconomy: What Women and Bees Can Teach Us about Local Trade and the Global Market|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kUWyjIVzwUC&pg=PT170|date=November 1, 2011|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813134369|pages=170}}</ref> After receiving the MacArthur grant, she started an organization called the [https://www.beelab.umn.edu/bee-squad Bee Squad], which works to help beekeepers and people in the Twin Cities community improve the health of bee pollinators.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beelab.umn.edu/bee-squad|title=Bee Squad|last=hvander|date=2015-01-27|website=Bee Lab|language=en|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://beelab.umn.edu/BeeSquad/ |title=Bee Squad : Bee Lab : Department of Entomology : University of Minnesota |publisher=Regents of the University of Minnesota |year=2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414013345/http://beelab.umn.edu/BeeSquad/ |archive-date=2013-04-14 }}</ref> In 2015, she won the Distinguished Service Award from the Minnesota AgriGrowth Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://agrigrowth.org/membership/distinguished-service-award/|title=Distinguished Service Award|publisher=AgriGrowth|date=2016|access-date=2016-05-31|archive-date=2017-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221080345/http://agrigrowth.org/membership/distinguished-service-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016, she won the Siehl Prize for Excellence in Agriculture (category: Knowledge) for her many contributions to understanding bee biology and threats to bee health<ref>{{cite web|url=http://discover.umn.edu/news/food-agriculture/siehl-prize-excellence-agriculture-announces-2016-laureates/|title=Siehl Prize for Excellence in Agriculture announces 2016 laureates|last=Anonymous|date=16 March 2016|publisher=}}</ref> and a Women of Discovery Award from Wings Worldquest, honoring her pioneering work promoting bee health and conservation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wingsworldquest.org/2016-womenofdiscovery-gala/ |title=2016 Women of Discovery Awards |publisher=WINGS WorldQuest |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901204504/http://www.wingsworldquest.org/2016-womenofdiscovery-gala |archive-date=2016-09-01 }}</ref> Spivak was elected a Fellow of the Entomological Society of America in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|title=Ten Entomologists Join the Ranks of Fellows of the Entomological Society of America | Entomological Society of America|access-date=2017-11-09|archive-date=2017-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110061733/http://entsoc.org/ten-entomologists-join-ranks-fellows-entomological-society-america|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2020 a former student of Spivak's, bee taxonomist Joel Gardner, named a species of sweat bee ''Lasioglossum spivakae'' in her honor.<ref name="Gardner and Gibbs 2020">{{cite journal|url=https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1167|title=The 'red-tailed' Lasioglossum (Dialictus) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) of the western Nearctic|last=Gardner and Gibbs|date=December 2020|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|issue=725|pages=1–242|doi=10.5852/ejt.2020.725.1167|s2cid=229449584|access-date=December 6, 2020|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Works== * {{cite book | last1=Spivak | first1=M. | last2=Reuter | first2=G.S. | author3=Minnesota Extension Service | title=Successful Queen Rearing: Short Course | publisher=University of Minnesota | year=2006 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9kmAQAAMAAJ }} * {{cite book | last1=Spivak | first1=M. | last2=Reuter | first2=G.S. | author3=Minnesota Extension Service | title=Honeybee Diseases and Pests | publisher=University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology and Minnesota Extension Service | year=2006 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNkmAQAAMAAJ }} * {{cite book | last1=Lee-Mäder | first1=E. | last2=Spivak | first2=M. | last3=Evans | first3=E. | title=Managing Alternative Pollinators: A Handbook for Beekeepers, Growers, and Conservationists | publisher=Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education | series=NRAES (Collection) | year=2010 | isbn=978-1-933395-20-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lylJPgAACAAJ }} * {{cite book | last1=Spivak | first1=M. | last2=Fletcher | first2=D.J.C. | last3=Breed | first3=M.D. | title=The African Honey Bee | publisher=Taylor & Francis Group | series=Westview studies in insect biology | year=2019 | isbn=978-0-367-28999-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRWmyQEACAAJ }}

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==External links== {{stack|{{External media | float = | width = | video1 = [https://www.ted.com/talks/marla_spivak_why_bees_are_disappearing Marla Spivak: Why bees are disappearing], TEDGlobal 2013 | video2 = | video3 = }}}} * [http://beelab.umn.edu/ Bee Lab] at University of Minnesota * {{cite web|url=http://www.thepromisedland.org/episode/15-marla-spivak|title=Marla Spivak: The Promised Land|publisher=American Public Media}} *[https://www.ted.com/talks/marla_spivak_why_bees_are_disappearing?language=en TED Talk (Why bees are disappearing)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spivak, Marla}} Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:University of Minnesota faculty Category:MacArthur Fellows Category:California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, alumni Category:University of Kansas alumni Category:American women entomologists Category:Coleopterists