{{Short description|Seyfert 2 galaxy in the constellation Boötes}} {{Infobox galaxy|name=[[Markarian galaxies|Markarian]] 471|epoch=[[J2000]]|constellation name=[[Boötes]]|ra={{RA|14|22|55.33}}<ref name="ned" />|dec={{DEC|+32|51|02.43}}<ref name="ned" />|z=0.034189<ref name="ned" />|h_radial_v=10,250 [[kilometer per second|km/s]] ± 2<ref name="ned" />|dist_ly=489 [[light year|Mly]]|appmag_v=14.42|appmag_b=15.27|type=SBa Sy1.8<ref name="ned" />|size=~{{convert|51.7|kpc|ly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}} (estimated){{r|ned}}|names=[[Uppsala General Catalogue|UGC]] 9214, CG 0411, [[Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies|CGCG]] 192-009, [[Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies|MCG]] +06-32-014, [[IRAS]] 14207+3304, [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 51371, NSA 081577<ref name="ned" />|image=File:Image of Markarian 471.png|caption=[[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]] image of Markarian 471.}}
'''Markarian 471''' also known as '''MRK 471''', is a Type 1 [[Seyfert galaxy]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Vaucouleurs |first=G. |last2=de Vaucouleurs |first2=A. |last3=Corwin |first3=J. R. |date=1976 |title=Second reference catalogue of bright galaxies |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976RC2...C......0D/abstract |journal=Second reference catalogue of bright galaxies |language=en |volume=1976 |pages=0}}</ref> located in the constellation of [[Boötes]]. The [[redshift]] of the galaxy is (z) 0.0341<ref name="ned">{{Cite web |title=NED Search results for Markarian 471 |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=UGC+9214&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1 |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database}}</ref> and it was first discovered by Thomas F. Adams from a survey of Seyfert galaxies in January 1977.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=Thomas F. |date=January 1977 |title=A Survey of the Seyfert Galaxies Based on Large-Scale Image-Tube Plates |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1977ApJS...33...19A |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |language=en |volume=33 |pages=19 |doi=10.1086/190416 |issn=0067-0049}}</ref>
== Description == Markarian 471 is classified as a type SBa [[barred spiral galaxy]] or a theta-shaped spiral.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martini |first=Paul |last2=Pogge |first2=Richard W. |date=December 1999 |title=Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the CFA Seyfert 2 Galaxies: The Fueling of Active Galactic Nuclei |url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9909032 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |language=en |volume=118 |issue=6 |pages=2646–2657 |doi=10.1086/301140 |issn=0004-6256|arxiv=astro-ph/9909032 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=McLeod |first=K. K. |last2=Rieke |first2=G. H. |date=March 1995 |title=Near-Infrared Imaging of CfA Seyfert Galaxies |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1995ApJ...441...96M/0000098.000.html |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=441 |pages=96 |doi=10.1086/175339 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Takase |first=B. |last2=Miyauchi-Isobe |first2=N. |date=1984 |title=Kiso survey for ultraviolet-excess galaxies. I. |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984AnTok..19..595T/abstract |journal=Annals of the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory |language=en |volume=19 |pages=595–638 |issn=0082-4704}}</ref> The circumnuclear region of the galaxy is found to have a [[Cosmic dust|dust]] obscured appearance with ultraviolet imaging showing a nucleus that is point-like and [[Star formation|star forming]] blob regions that are scattered in all directions with many [[Star cluster|star clusters]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Muñoz Marín |first=VÍctor M. |last2=González Delgado |first2=Rosa M. |last3=Schmitt |first3=Henrique R. |last4=Cid Fernandes |first4=Roberto |last5=Pérez |first5=Enrique |last6=Storchi-Bergmann |first6=Thaisa |last7=Heckman |first7=Tim |last8=Leitherer |first8=Claus |date=August 2007 |title=An Atlas of the Circumnuclear Regions of 75 Seyfert Galaxies in the Near-Ultraviolet with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys |url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/0704.3617 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |language=en |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=648–667 |doi=10.1086/519448 |issn=0004-6256|arxiv=0704.3617 }}</ref>
There is also presence of several [[Dust lane|dust lanes]] along the direction of the galaxy's galactic bar, which in turn enters into the circumnuclear region of the galaxy. The [[Spiral arm|spiral arms]] are suggested to curve in an inwards direction.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martini |first=Paul |last2=Regan |first2=Michael W. |last3=Mulchaey |first3=John S. |last4=Pogge |first4=Richard W. |date=June 2003 |title=Circumnuclear Dust in Nearby Active and Inactive Galaxies. I. Data |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/367817/pdf |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=146 |issue=2 |pages=353–406 |doi=10.1086/367817 |issn=0067-0049|arxiv=astro-ph/0212396 }}</ref> Dust structures within the stellar bar region are shown to connect together and subsequently going towards the center in a curve formation forming a type GD structure.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deo |first=R. P. |last2=Crenshaw |first2=D. M. |last3=Kraemer |first3=S. B. |date=July 2006 |title=The Host Galaxies of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies: Nuclear Dust Morphology and Starburst Rings |url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0603806 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |language=en |volume=132 |issue=1 |pages=321–346 |doi=10.1086/504894 |issn=0004-6256|arxiv=astro-ph/0603806 }}</ref> There is also a nuclear spiral region present with an approximate mass [[Area density|surface density]] of 16 M<sub>☉</sub> pc<sup>−2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martini |first=Paul |last2=Pogge |first2=Richard W. |date=December 1999 |title=Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the CFA Seyfert 2 Galaxies: The Fueling of Active Galactic Nuclei |url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9909032 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |language=en |volume=118 |issue=6 |pages=2646–2657 |doi=10.1086/301140 |issn=0004-6256|arxiv=astro-ph/9909032 }}</ref>
A multi-wavelength study of the galaxy's [[spectrum]], has found it is a Type 1.9 Seyfert galaxy with a [[Active galactic nucleus|narrow-line region]] that is extremely reddened. However, there are no signs of any board components that are classified as very variable.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Trippe |first=M. L. |last2=Crenshaw |first2=D. M. |last3=Deo |first3=R. P. |last4=Dietrich |first4=M. |last5=Kraemer |first5=S. B. |last6=Rafter |first6=S. E. |last7=Turner |first7=T. J. |date=December 2010 |title=A Multi-wavelength Study of the Nature of Type 1.8/1.9 Seyfert Galaxies |url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/1010.2750 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=725 |issue=2 |pages=1749–1767 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/1749 |issn=0004-637X|arxiv=1010.2750 }}</ref>
==Supernova== One [[supernova]] has been observed in Markarian 471: * '''SN 2026dds''' ([[type Ia supernova|Type{{nbsp}}Ia]], mag. 19.9161) was discovered by the [[Zwicky Transient Facility]] on 7 February 2026.{{r|TNS-2026dds}}
== References == <references>
<ref name=TNS-2026dds>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN 2026dds | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2026dds | publisher = [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] | access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref>
</references>
== External links == *{{WikiSky}} *[https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?bibyear1=1850&bibyear2=%24currentYear&submit=Display&Ident=%402249118&Name=Z+192-9&bibdisplay=refsum&bibyear1=1850&bibyear2=%24currentYear#lab_bib Markarian 471 on SIMBAD]
{{Boötes}} [[Category:Seyfert galaxies]] [[Category:Markarian galaxies|471]] [[Category:Boötes]] [[Category:Active galaxies]] [[Category:Barred spiral galaxies]] [[Category:UGC objects|09214]] [[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|051371]] [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1977]] [[Category:IRAS catalogue objects]] [[Category:MCG objects|+06-32-014]]