{{short description|Greek film director and screenwriter}} {{Infobox person | name = Maria Plyta | image = Maria-plyta-mixani.webp | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = 27 November 1915 | birth_place = Thessaloniki, Greece | death_date = 4 March 2006 (age 90) | death_place = Athens, Greece | other_names = | citizenship = Greek | occupation = Director, screenwriter, editor | years_active = 1948–1972 | known_for = Being the first female Greek cinema director }} '''Maria Plyta''' (27 November 1915 – 4 March 2006) was a Greek screenwriter and film director.<ref>Karalis p.60</ref> She was known for her work with the melodramatic and her capacity to convey a distinctly feminine sense of culture, civilization and identity. Through her work, she managed to create the space that is necessary for a female voice to speak in the first person and be heard.<ref name="Ζαχαρίου">{{Cite web |last=Ζαχαρίου |first=Αριστούλα |date=2022-03-04 |title=Μαρία Πλυτά: Οι γυναικείοι χαρακτήρες μέσα από τα μάτια της πρώτης Ελληνίδας σκηνοθέτριας |url=https://www.monopoli.gr/2022/03/04/istories/san-simera/457494/maria-plyta-oi-gynaikeioi-xaraktires-mesa-apo-ta-matia-tis-protis-ellinidas-skinothetrias/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=monopoli.gr |language=el}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Karalis |first=Vrasidas |title=The first Greek Female Director Maria Plyta by V Karalis |url=https://www.academia.edu/9563345}}</ref>
== Early life == Not much is available regarding Plyta’s personal life as she maintained a relatively quiet life and spent much of her time away from the spotlight. She was born in Thessaloniki on November 26, 1915, and became a single mother in adulthood, it is not known what happened to her partner, only that her last name was hyphenated until 1954. She stated once that she never pictured herself working in film until she found herself "alone and with little money",<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-08 |title=Από τα αρχεία {{!}} Μια συνομιλία με την Μαρία Πλυτά, την πρώτη Ελληνίδα σκηνοθέτιδα – FLIX |url=https://flix.gr/articles/archives-plyta-interview.html |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=flix.gr |language=el}}</ref> presumably after becoming a single woman. She worked as a novelist and playwright prior to stepping into the film industry. Following the German occupation, she released her first novels, ''Bound Wings'' in 1944 and ''Chains'' in 1946. Her first role in the film industry was that of artistic director and producer for the films ''Marinos Kontaras'' and ''Marina''.<ref name="flix.gr">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-08 |title=Από τα αρχεία {{!}} Μια συνομιλία με την Μαρία Πλυτά, την πρώτη Ελληνίδα σκηνοθέτιδα – FLIX |url=https://flix.gr/articles/archives-plyta-interview.html |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=flix.gr |language=el}}</ref><ref name="Ζαχαρίου"/> Her directing career began in 1948<ref name="flix.gr"/> with her adaption of Dimitris Bogris's ''The Engagements'' (T’arravoniasmata), released in 1950 and featuring Aimilios Veakis in the leading role.
She recounts, in the only known interview she ever gave, in 1979 that she was inclined to become a filmmaker for two reasons: to see her characters portrayed on screen and to support herself financially.<ref name=":1" />
== Career == Maria Plyta is considered a pioneer in Greek cinema.<ref name="Ζαχαρίου"/> Working alongside Athenian writers and directors Alekos Sakellarios and Giorgios Tzavellas, she managed to slowly begin creating a name for herself in a heavily male-dominated field. For the first time in Greek cinematic history, female experience was becoming a central narrative through the newfound establishment of the female gaze. Her debut film, ''The Engagements'', which was based on a play by the same name,<ref>{{Citation |title=Dimitrios Bogris |date=2022-11-17 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimitrios_Bogris&oldid=1122493363 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-11-03 |language=en}}</ref> was released in 1950, and it marked the first time a woman in Greece was credited as the director.
Plyta was known for her use of the melodramatic as a genre. Her work is characterized by dark atmospheres depicting trauma and loss through her interior settings, lighting, and effective camera shots. When asked what she thought the melodramatic consisted of, she replied: “The melodramatic was not only in the whole of the story but also in the direction. For example, if someone was stubborn, we took it out through a close-up of the clenched fist."<ref name="flix.gr"/><ref name="Ζαχαρίου"/> She used physicality and physical elements within her scenes to establish metaphors in her melodramatic movies, such as the depiction of alienation through domestic chores, or coercion through brief glimpses into the bedroom. The most obvious example of this skill can be found in the 1962 film, ''The Shoe-Shine Boy'', when two young characters begin to have sex and a cross appears above them on the wall<ref name=":0"/> symbolizing the relationship of the practice of marriage with regard to intercourse. She was also recognized for her skills in representing the individual as a focal point within the social fabric.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Karalis |first=Vrasidas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=328oUbR8iT0C&q=maria+plyta |title=History of Greek Cinema |date=2012-02-02 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-4411-9447-3 |language=en}}</ref> She was consistently meticulous with regards to the designs of her work despite budget restrictions, prejudice, and rejection based on her gender and lack of experience.<ref name=":2" />
Plyta worked over the span of two decades to provide a unique perspective into the lives of societies marginalized outcast individuals.<ref name=":2" /> From her first film to her last she presented strong-willed, individual women, disrupting the societal expectations of the viewers.<ref name=":0" />
==Complete filmography== <nowiki>*</nowiki>please note that translations vary regarding the film titles {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Film !Credited as !Notes !Ref |- |1972 |''A Mother is Accused'' |Writer | | |- |1972 |''Far From Home'' |Writer | | |- |1970 |''Unknown Woman of the Night'' |Director, writer | | |- |1967 |''The Poor Merchant'' |Director, writer | | |- |1967 |''Between Two Women'' |Writer | | |- |1966 |''Proxenitra, Praktor 017'' |Writer |uncredited |[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0687745/] |- |1965 |''The Victor'' |Director, writer | | |- |1964 |''Uphill'' |Director, writer | | |- |1963 |''The Prodigal Son'' |Director, writer | | |- |1963 |''Jealousy'' |Writer | | |- |1962 |''The Shoe-Shine Boy'' |Director, writer | | |- |1961 |''You Came Too Late'' |Director | | |- |1960 |''I Am A Man and...I Will Do As I Please'' |Director, writer | | |- |1959 |''Moment of Passion'' |Director | | |- |1958 |''Only for One Night'' |Director | | |- |1957 |''Jeep, Kiosk and Land'' |Director | | |- |1956 |''The Duchess of Plakendia'' |Director, writer, editor | | |- |1954 |''The Girl of the Neighbourhood'' |Director, editor | | |- |1953 |''Eva'' |Director, editor* |*as Maria Plyta-Hatzinakou |[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0687745/] |- |1952 |''The Godson'' |Director* |*as Maria Plyta-Hatzinakou | |- |1951 |''The She-Wolf'' |Director, writer* |*as Maria Plyta-Hatzinakou | |- |1950 |''The Engagements'' |Director, writer* |*as Maria Plyta-Hatzinakou | |}
== Selected filmography == * ''The She-Wolf'' (1951) * ''Eva'' (1953) * ''The Duchess of Plakendia'' (1956)
== References == {{Reflist}}
== Bibliography == * Vrasidas Karalis. ''A History of Greek Cinema''. A&C Black, 2012.
== External links == * {{IMDb name|0687745}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Plyta, Maria}} Category:1915 births Category:2006 deaths Category:Mass media people from Thessaloniki Category:Greek film directors Category:20th-century Greek screenwriters