{{Short description |Town in Chodziez County, Poland}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Margonin | image_skyline = Margonin, Greater Poland.jpg | image_caption = St. Adalbert Church | image_flag = POL Miasto i Gmina Margonin flag.svg | image_shield = POL Miasto i Gmina Margonin COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Greater Poland Voivodeship|name=Greater Poland}} | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Chodzież | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Margonin | established_title = Established | established_date = 7th century | established_title2 = First mentioned | established_date2 = 1364 | established_title3 = Town rights | established_date3 = 1402 | area_total_km2 = 5.15 | population_as_of = 2016 | population_total = 3022 | population_density_km2 = auto | coordinates = {{coord|52|58|N|17|5|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}} | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | registration_plate = PCH | blank_name_sec1= Voivodeship roads | blank_info_sec1 = 32px 32px | postal_code = 64-830 | website = http://www.margonin.pl }} '''Margonin''' {{IPAc-pl|m|a|r|'|g|o|ń|i|n}} is a town in Chodzież County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland,{{TERYT}} with 3,022 inhabitants (2016).
== History == [[File:Margonin 857-24.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Interior of the Baroque St. Adalbert Church]] Margonin dates back to the 7th century, and in the 9th–12th it was a defensive stronghold,<ref name=his>{{cite web|url=http://www.margonin.pl/dla-turysty/dla-turysty-margonin/dla-turysty-historia-miasta|title=Historia miasta|website=Gmina Margonin|author=Waldemar L. Janiszewski|accessdate=3 October 2020|language=pl|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022154623/http://www.margonin.pl/dla-turysty/dla-turysty-margonin/dla-turysty-historia-miasta|url-status=dead}}</ref> which became part of Poland after the establishment of the state in the 10th century. Margonin was first mentioned when Archbishop Jarosław Bogoria of Skotniki of Gniezno and the Bishop of Poznań, Jan Doliwa, agreed on 15 May 1364 that Margonin parish should belong to the Diocese of Poznań. Town rights were received in 1402. Margonin was a private town of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Kcynia County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany|year=2017|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk|page=1b}}</ref> Much of the town was destroyed in 1655 during the Swedish invasion of Poland (''Deluge''), and the town lost its rights. They were restored on 20 July 1696. An orphanage was established in 1725. The Catholic Church was heavily damaged by a storm in 1737, and was repaired between 1753 and 1755.
As a result of the First Partition of Poland, in 1772, it was annexed by Prussia. Polish jurist, poet, political and military activist Józef Wybicki, best known as the author of the lyrics of the national anthem of Poland, married Kunegunda Drwęska in Margonin in 1773.<ref name=his/> After the successful Greater Poland uprising of 1806, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw, but in 1815 it was re-annexed by Prussia, and was then part of the semi-autonomous Grand Duchy of Posen until 1848, and then part of the Prussian province of Posen until 1918, also within Germany from 1871. Gas lanterns illuminated the town from 1905. In 1908, the town was connected to the railway spur running between Gołańcz (then officially ''Gollantsch'') and Chodzież (''Kolmar'').
thumb|left|Railway station in the interwar period After World War I, in 1918, Poland regained independence and the Greater Poland uprising (1918–19) broke out, which aim was to reintegrate the region with Poland. Polish insurgents captured Margonin on 6 January 1919.<ref name=his/> It was recaptured by Germans in February, despite prior agreements.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pw.ipn.gov.pl/pwi/historia/przebieg-walk-powstancz/walki-na-frontach-powst/8656,Walki-na-Froncie-Polnocnym-miedzy-KCYNIA-i-LABISZYNEM-21-stycznia17-lutego-1919-.html|title=Walki na Froncie Północnym między KCYNIĄ i ŁABISZYNEM 21 stycznia–17 lutego 1919 r.|website=Instytut Pamięci Narodowej|author=Marek Rezler|accessdate=3 October 2020|language=pl}}</ref> Nevertheless, in accordance to the Treaty of Versailles, it was reintegrated with Poland in January 1920.<ref name=his/> 18 inhabitants of Margonin and its suburbs died in the Polish–Soviet War, and four were awarded with the Virtuti Militari, the highest Polish military decoration, for their bravery in the Battle of Warsaw (1920).<ref name=his/> In interwar Poland Margonin became a popular tourist destination with several hotels.<ref name=his/>
During World War II, the town was under German occupation from 5 September 1939 to 22 January 1945, the area having been made part of the Reichsgau Wartheland. The Polish population was subjected to various crimes, including murders, deportations to Nazi concentration camps and expulsions. Inhabitants of Margonin were among 41 Poles murdered in the nearby village of Morzewo on 7 November 1939.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|page=200}}</ref> On 10–12 December 1939 the Germans expelled many Polish inhabitants to the Warsaw District of the General Government in German-occupied central Poland.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2017|title=Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|pages=157–158|isbn=978-83-8098-174-4}}</ref> The Germans operated a Nazi prison in the town<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=2638|title=NS-Gefängnis Margonin|website=Bundesarchiv.de|accessdate=3 October 2020|language=de}}</ref> and a forced labour camp for Jews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=2639|title=Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Margonin|website=Bundesarchiv.de|accessdate=3 October 2020|language=de}}</ref> The Polish underground resistance movement was active in Margonin, and many of its members died in concentration camps, after the Germans discovered their operations.<ref name=his/> Following World War II, the area reverted to Poland.
In 1975 the town became part of the Piła Voivodeship, in 1998 part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship. In 2017 the Monument to the Heroes of the Greater Poland Uprising was unveiled in Margonin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.margonin.pl/aktualnosci/patriotyzm-i-pamiec-historyczna/434-chwala-bohaterom|title=Chwała bohaterom|website=Gmina Margonin|accessdate=3 October 2020|language=pl}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
==Transport== Margonin lies on the junction of vovoideship roads 193 and 190.
The nearest railway station is in Chodziedż.
==Demographics== {{Historical populations|align=left|cols=2|1810|1425|1843|1969|1871|1943|1880|1946|1890|1824|1900|1765|1910|2038|1921|1855|1931|2135|1939|2330|1950|1896|1960|2017|2010|2989 |source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego|volume=X|year=1932|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=201}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Dokumentacja Geograficzna|volume=3/4|year=1967|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk|page=29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|title=Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.|year=2011|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152513/https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref>}} {{clear|left}}
== People associated with Margonin== * Victor Aronstein, doctor * Miriam Margolyes, actress (great-grandfather born in Margonin) * Salman Schocken, publisher * Feliks Sypniewski, artist * Adam of Wągrowiec, composer * Józef Wybicki, poet
==References== {{Reflist}}
== External links== *[http://www.margonin.pl/ Official town webpage]
{{Gmina Margonin}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Cities and towns in Greater Poland Voivodeship Category:Chodzież County Category:Populated places established in the 7th century Category:Historic Jewish communities in Poland