Marcel Pourbaix

{{Short description|Belgian electrochemist and corrosion specialist}} {{refimprove|date=March 2018}} {{essay-like|date=March 2018}} {{Infobox scientist |name = Marcel Pourbaix |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1904|9|16|df=y}} |birth_place = Myshega, Tula Governorate, Russian Empire |residence = |death_date = {{death date and age|1998|9|28|1904|9|19|df=y}} |death_place = Uccle, Brussels, Belgium |field = Electrochemistry |work_institution = Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium |alma_mater = Université libre de Bruxelles<br>Delft University of Technology |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Pourbaix diagrams |prizes = |spouse = |children = |religion = |footnotes = }} '''Marcel Pourbaix''' (16 September 1904 – 28 September 1998) was a Belgian chemist and pianist.{{cn|date=March 2018}} He performed his most well known research at the University of Brussels, studying corrosion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marcel Pourbaix |url=https://corrosion-doctors.org/Biographies/PourbaixBio.htm |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=corrosion-doctors.org}}</ref> His biggest achievement is the derivation of potential-pH, better known as “Pourbaix Diagrams”. Pourbaix Diagrams are thermodynamic charts constructed using the Nernst equation and visualize the relationship between possible phases of a system, bounded by lines representing the reactions that transport between them. They can be read much like a phase diagram.

In 1963, Pourbaix produced "Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria", which contains potential-pH diagrams for all elements known at the time. Pourbaix and his collaborators began preparing the work in the early 1950s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wood |first1=Graham |title=Marcel Pourbaix |journal=British Corrosion Journal |date=January 1998 |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=259–260 |doi=10.1179/000705998798115362 }}</ref>

==Early life==

He was born in Myshega (Aleksin District, Tula Governorate, Russian Empire), where his father was a consultant on an engineering project. He studied in Brussels and graduated from the Faculty of Applied Sciences of the Université libre de Bruxelles in 1927.

By 1938, he had devised the potential-pH diagrams. In 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, he presented to the Faculty his doctoral dissertation, accompanied by a thesis entitled "Thermodynamics of Dilute Aqueous Solutions. Graphical Representation of the Role of pH and Potential." The war and some confusion among the jury on the sign of electrode potential impeded the completion of his graduation process. However, the thesis was presented to the Delft University of Technology.

==Career==

Pourbaix spent much of his career studying corrosion and developing strategies to combat it. Pourbaix' doctoral thesis had a major influence on corrosion science. Ulick Evans found this work important and arranged for an English translation, published by Arnold (London) in 1949. In the 1960s, he introduced the concept of a protection potential against the propagation of localized corrosion, particularly in crevices or cracks<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pourbaix |first=M. |date=1969-06-01 |title=Recent Applications of Electrode Potential Measurements in the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Corrosion of Metals |url=https://content.ampp.org/corrosion/article/25/6/267/3241/Recent-Applications-of-Electrode-Potential |journal=Corrosion |language=en |volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=267–284 |doi=10.5006/0010-9312-25.6.267 |issn=1938-159X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> where acidic conditions fester (sometimes called ''occluded cells''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=B. F. |date=1970-08-01 |title=Technical Note: Concept of the Occluded Corrosion Cell |url=https://content.ampp.org/corrosion/article/26/8/249/3322/Technical-Note-Concept-of-the-Occluded-Corrosion |journal=Corrosion |language=en |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=249–250 |doi=10.5006/0010-9312-26.8.349 |issn=1938-159X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>).

During the 1950s and early 1960s, Pourbaix and his collaborators produced potential-pH diagrams for all known elements at the time, which he published as the "Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria" in French in 1963 and in English in 1966.

In 1949, he was one of the founders of CITCE (Comite International de Thermodynamique et Cinetique Electrochimiques) together with 13 other electrochemists, including Pierre Van Rysselberghe, John Brockris, and Jaroslav Heyrovský. In 1971 it was renamed to its current name, the International Society of Electrochemistry. In 1951 he founded the Belgian Corrosion Research Centre, which today remains an active research institute. In 1952 he founded the Commission of Electrochemistry of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, which clarified in 1953 the chaotic state of affairs then prevailing in the signs of electrode potentials.

Pourbaix traveled and lectured widely during his career. He contributed actively to the creation of an International Corrosion Council with the aim of encouraging research and international cooperation in corrosion science and friendship among researchers. In 1990, The National Association of Corrosion Engineers created a "Marcel Pourbaix Award Student Fellowship" and the ICC created in 1996 a "Marcel Pourbaix Award for International Cooperation." He published a range of papers on electrochemistry in addition to his Atlas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pourbaix |first=Marcel |date=January 1974 |title=Applications of electrochemistry in corrosion science and in practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0010938X74800065 |journal=Corrosion Science |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–82 |doi=10.1016/S0010-938X(74)80006-5|bibcode=1974Corro..14...25P |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Pourbaix |first1=Marcel |title=Chemical and Electrochemical Reactions |date=1973 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4684-1806-4_2 |work=Lectures on Electrochemical Corrosion |pages=23–28 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-1806-4_2 |isbn=978-1-4684-1808-8 |access-date=2022-06-22 |last2=Staehle |first2=Roger W.|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}} * Pourbaix, M., Atlas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solutions. 2d English ed. 1974, Houston, Tex.: National Association of Corrosion Engineers.

== External links == *[http://corrosion-doctors.org/Biographies/PourbaixBio.htm Marcel Pourbaix (1904–1998)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pourbaix, Marcel}} Category:Belgian chemists Category:1904 births Category:1998 deaths Category:Belgian expatriates Category:Expatriates in the Russian Empire Category:Université libre de Bruxelles alumni Category:Academic staff of the Université libre de Bruxelles Category:Electrochemists Category:People from Tula Governorate Category:Delft University of Technology alumni Category:20th-century chemists