{{Short description|American evolutionary biologist, guggenheim fellow}} {{Family name hatnote|Long|lang=Chinese}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Manyuan Long | image = File:Manyuan Long.png | fields = Genetics and Evolution | workplaces = University of Chicago (1997)<br /> Harvard University (1992)<br /> University of California, Davis (1992)<br /> Sichuan Agricultural University (1985) | thesis_title = The Origin and Evolutionary Mechanism of New Genes | thesis_year = 1992 | doctoral_advisor = Charles H. Langley | known_for = New gene evolution | awards = Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin (Wissenschaftskolleg du Berlin) <br /> John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship for Natural Sciences, US and Canada <br /> David & Lucille Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering (1998) | website = https://manyuanlonglab.uchicago.edu/ }}
'''Manyuan Long''' ({{lang-zh|s=龙漫远|t=龍漫遠|p=Lóng Mànyuǎn}}) is a China-born American evolutionary biologist and geneticist. Long pioneered the studies of origination and evolution of new genes and received many awards including the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship for Natural Sciences, US and Canada and the Ray Wu Award.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Manyuan Long, PhD named Guggenheim Fellow {{!}} UChicago Biosciences |url=https://biosciences.uchicago.edu/news/manyuan-long-phd-named-guggenheim-fellow |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=biosciences.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manyuan Long |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/manyuan-long/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 10, 2022 |title=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation 2022 Fellows - United States and Canada |newspaper=The New York Times |pages=A9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Innovator award bestowed upon the late Ray Wu |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/10/innovator-award-bestowed-upon-late-ray-wu |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Cornell Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=https://www.cbisociety.org/awards.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=CHINESE BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATORS SOCIETY |language=en}}</ref>
== Early life and education == Manyuan Long was born and grew up in a family of an ethnic minority group from the mountainous area of southwestern China, the Miao (also called Hmong).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manyuan Long |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/manyuan-long/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> In the late stage of the political turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, after middle school, Long was exiled as "Sent-down youth" to a poor mountainous area in southern Sichuan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Levy |first=Adam |date=2019-10-16 |title=How evolution builds genes from scratch |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03061-x |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=574 |issue=7778 |pages=314–316 |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-03061-x|pmid=31619796 |bibcode=2019Natur.574..314L |s2cid=204707405 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mortola |first1=Emily |last2=Long |first2=Manyuan |date=2021-05-01 |title=Turning Junk into Us: How Genes Are Born. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=00030996&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA660113316&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs |journal=American Scientist |language=English |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=174–182}}</ref>
Long studied in Sichuan Agricultural university and earned a baccalaureate in agronomy in 1982 and a master's degree in plant genetics and breeding in 1985, mentored by Zhiren Gao, a population geneticist trained by C.C. LI.<ref>{{Cite book |last=哈赛 |title=未来光锥 |publisher=清华大学出版社 |date=September 2014 |isbn=978-7-302-36214-2 |location=Beijing |language=Chinese}}</ref> In 1987, Long was admitted into the genetics graduate program at the University of California, Davis, where Long earned M.S. in genetics supervised by John Gillespie and a PhD in genetics mentored by Charles Langley in 1992.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Long |first1=Manyuan |last2=Langley |first2=Charles H. |date=1993-04-02 |title=Natural Selection and the Origin of jingwei, a Chimeric Processed Functional Gene in ''Drosophila'' |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.7682012 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=260 |issue=5104 |pages=91–95 |doi=10.1126/science.7682012 |pmid=7682012 |bibcode=1993Sci...260...91L |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Long worked as postdoctoral fellow in Harvard University to research molecular biology and population genetics with Walter Gilbert and Richard Lewontin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=De Souza |first1=Sandro J. |last2=Long |first2=Manyuan |last3=Gilbert |first3=Walter |date=June 1996 |title=Introns and gene evolution |journal=Genes to Cells |language=en |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=493–505 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2443.1996.d01-264.x |pmid=9078380 |s2cid=2229831 |issn=1356-9597|doi-access=free }}</ref>
== Career and research ==
=== Academic career === Long worked as assistant professor in 1997, associate professor with tenure in 2003, full professor with tenure in 2005, in department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research {{!}} The Manyuan Long Laboratory |url=https://manyuanlonglab.uchicago.edu/ |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=manyuanlonglab.uchicago.edu}}</ref> Long serves as the Edna K. Papazian Distinguished Service Professor since 2011.
=== New gene origination ===
==== Concept and approach ==== Long proposed and defined the concept of the "evolutionary new genes" or simply called "new genes" in early 1990s,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Long |first=Manyuan |title=The origin and evolutionary mechanism of new genes |publisher=University of California, Davis |year=1992}}</ref> different from the conventional belief that genes and their functions are stationary in evolution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jacob |first=F. |date=1977-06-10 |title=Evolution and tinkering |journal=Science |volume=196 |issue=4295 |pages=1161–1166 |doi=10.1126/science.860134 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=860134|bibcode=1977Sci...196.1161J }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ashburner |first1=M |last2=Misra |first2=S |last3=Roote |first3=J |last4=Lewis |first4=S E |last5=Blazej |first5=R |last6=Davis |first6=T |last7=Doyle |first7=C |last8=Galle |first8=R |last9=George |first9=R |last10=Harris |first10=N |last11=Hartzell |first11=G |last12=Harvey |first12=D |last13=Hong |first13=L |last14=Houston |first14=K |last15=Hoskins |first15=R |date=1999-09-01 |title=An Exploration of the Sequence of a 2.9-Mb Region of the Genome of ''Drosophila melanogaster'': The Adh Region |url=https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/153/1/179/6047865 |journal=Genetics |language=en |volume=153 |issue=1 |pages=179–219 |doi=10.1093/genetics/153.1.179 |issn=1943-2631 |pmc=1460734 |pmid=10471707}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Carroll |first=Sean B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnnGKjzw3xMC&dq=Endless-Forms-Most-Beautiful+&pg=PR9 |title=Endless Forms Most Beautiful: The New Science of Evo Devo and the Making of the Animal Kingdom |date=2005 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-06016-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayr |first=Ernst |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHThtE2R0UQC&dq=Mayr%2C+Ernst+thought&pg=PA1077 |title=The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance |date=1982 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-36446-2 |language=en}}</ref>
Long studies on the problem of new genes, or the origin of genes, since Long's doctoral research,<ref name=":8" /> by molecular biological experiments and computational analyses. To avoid inefficiency brought by multiple evolutionary events in ancient genes, Long chose to study new genes that recently originated in less than one to a few tens of million years,<ref name=":4" /> which turned to be a productive approach.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
==== The first ever known new gene ==== In 1993, Long published the scientific problem of new gene evolution while researching a gene called ''Jingwei'', the first ever known new gene.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Graham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80aPBQAAQBAJ&dq=Jingwei+gene+book&pg=PA196 |title=The Evolution of Life |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-871257-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRvtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jingwei+gene+book |title=The University of Chicago Magazine |date=1998 |publisher=University of Chicago, Alumni Association |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Powell |first=Jeffrey R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kTsq72KmA3MC&dq=Jingwei+gene+book&pg=PA411 |title=Progress and Prospects in Evolutionary Biology: The ''Drosophila'' Model |date=1997-09-04 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-536032-5 |language=en}}</ref> Long did postdoctoral research work for four and a half years, investigating the evolution of gene structures while continuing research on ''Jingwei''.
==== New genes everywhere with patterns ==== Long and coworkers have investigated molecular mechanisms, rates, and patterns of new gene origination in species ranging from fruit flies<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last1=Betrán |first1=Esther |last2=Thornton |first2=Kevin |last3=Long |first3=Manyuan |date=2002-11-12 |title=Retroposed New Genes Out of the X in ''Drosophila'' |journal=Genome Research |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1854–1859 |doi=10.1101/gr.604902 |pmid=12466289 |pmc=187566 |issn=1088-9051}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Xia |first1=Shengqian |last2=VanKuren |first2=Nicholas W. |last3=Chen |first3=Chunyan |last4=Zhang |first4=Li |last5=Kemkemer |first5=Clause |last6=Shao |first6=Yi |last7=Jia |first7=Hangxing |last8=Lee |first8=UnJin |last9=Advani |first9=Alexander S. |last10=Gschwend |first10=Andrea |last11=Vibranovski |first11=Maria D. |last12=Chen |first12=Sidi |last13=Zhang |first13=Yong E. |last14=Long |first14=Manyuan |date=2021-07-09 |title=Genomic analyses of new genes and their phenotypic effects reveal rapid evolution of essential functions in ''Drosophila'' development |journal=PLOS Genetics |language=en |volume=17 |issue=7 |article-number=e1009654 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1009654 |issn=1553-7404 |pmc=8270118 |pmid=34242211 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xia |first1=Shengqian |last2=Ventura |first2=Iuri M. |last3=Blaha |first3=Andreas |last4=Sgromo |first4=Annamaria |last5=Han |first5=Shuaibo |last6=Izaurralde |first6=Elisa |last7=Long |first7=Manyuan |title=Rapid Gene Evolution in an Ancient Post-transcriptional and Translational Regulatory System Compensates for Meiotic X Chromosomal Inactivation |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |date=2022 |volume=39 |article-number=msab296 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msab296 |pmid=34626117 |pmc=8763131 |biorxiv=10.1101/2021.08.25.457683 }}</ref> to insects,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Duncan |last2=Chen |first2=Jianhai |last3=Liang |first3=Jiangtao |last4=Betrán |first4=Esther |last5=Long |first5=Manyuan |last6=Sharakhov |first6=Igor V. |date=2022-05-28 |title=Retrogene Duplication and Expression Patterns Shaped by the Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Malaria Mosquitoes |journal=Genes |volume=13 |issue=6 |page=968 |doi=10.3390/genes13060968 |pmid=35741730 |pmc=9222922 |issn=2073-4425|doi-access=free }}</ref> humans,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Li |last2=Park |first2=Jonathan J |last3=Dong |first3=Matthew B |last4=Arsala |first4=Deanna |last5=Xia |first5=Shengqian |last6=Chen |first6=Jianhai |last7=Sosa |first7=Dylan |last8=Atlas |first8=Jared E |last9=Long |first9=Manyuan |last10=Chen |first10=Sidi |date=May 2023 |title=Human Gene Age Dating Reveals an Early and Rapid Evolutionary Construction of the Adaptive Immune System |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=15 |issue=5 |article-number=evad081 |doi=10.1093/gbe/evad081 |pmid=37170918 |pmc=10210621 |issn=1759-6653}}</ref> vertebrates,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shao |first1=Yi |last2=Chen |first2=Chunyan |last3=Shen |first3=Hao |last4=He |first4=Bin Z. |last5=Yu |first5=Daqi |last6=Jiang |first6=Shuai |last7=Zhao |first7=Shilei |last8=Gao |first8=Zhiqiang |last9=Zhu |first9=Zhenglin |last10=Chen |first10=Xi |last11=Fu |first11=Yan |last12=Chen |first12=Hua |last13=Gao |first13=Ge |last14=Long |first14=Manyuan |last15=Zhang |first15=Yong E. |date=2019-03-12 |title=GenTree, an integrated resource for analyzing the evolution and function of primate-specific coding genes |journal=Genome Research |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=682–696 |doi=10.1101/gr.238733.118 |pmid=30862647 |pmc=6442393 |issn=1088-9051}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last1=Emerson |first1=J. J. |last2=Kaessmann |first2=Henrik |last3=Betrán |first3=Esther |last4=Long |first4=Manyuan |date=2004-01-23 |title=Extensive Gene Traffic on the Mammalian X Chromosome |journal=Science |volume=303 |issue=5657 |pages=537–540 |doi=10.1126/science.1090042 |pmid=14739461 |bibcode=2004Sci...303..537E |s2cid=41158232 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> and plants.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Li |last2=Ren |first2=Yan |last3=Yang |first3=Tao |last4=Li |first4=Guangwei |last5=Chen |first5=Jianhai |last6=Gschwend |first6=Andrea R. |last7=Yu |first7=Yeisoo |last8=Hou |first8=Guixue |last9=Zi |first9=Jin |last10=Zhou |first10=Ruo |last11=Wen |first11=Bo |last12=Zhang |first12=Jianwei |last13=Chougule |first13=Kapeel |last14=Wang |first14=Muhua |last15=Copetti |first15=Dario |date=April 2019 |title=Rapid evolution of protein diversity by de novo origination in Oryza |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=679–690 |doi=10.1038/s41559-019-0822-5 |issn=2397-334X |pmid=30858588|bibcode=2019NatEE...3..679Z |s2cid=73728579 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jin |first1=Guihua |last2=Ma |first2=Peng-Fei |last3=Wu |first3=Xiaopei |last4=Gu |first4=Lianfeng |last5=Long |first5=Manyuan |last6=Zhang |first6=Chengjun |last7=Li |first7=De-Zhu |date=2021-09-28 |title=New Genes Interacted With Recent Whole-Genome Duplicates in the Fast Stem Growth of Bamboos |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=38 |issue=12 |pages=5752–5768 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msab288 |pmid=34581782 |pmc=8662795 |issn=1537-1719}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yuan |last2=Chen |first2=Jiahui |last3=Dong |first3=Chuan |last4=Sosa |first4=Dylan |last5=Xia |first5=Shengqian |last6=Ouyang |first6=Yidan |last7=Fan |first7=Chuanzhu |last8=Li |first8=Dezhu |last9=Mortola |first9=Emily |title=Species-specific partial gene duplication in ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' evolved novel phenotypic effects on morphological traits under strong positive selection |journal=The Plant Cell |date=2022 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=802–817 |doi=10.1093/plcell/koab291 |pmid=34875081 |pmc=8824575 |biorxiv=10.1101/2021.04.05.438504 }}</ref> These analyses revealed the patterns of gene origination, for example, the rapid evolution of essential gene functions in fruit flies,<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":6" /> gene traffics between the X chromosomes and autosomes,<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vibranovski |first1=Maria D. |last2=Zhang |first2=Yong |last3=Long |first3=Manyuan |date=2009-05-01 |title=General gene movement off the X chromosome in the ''Drosophila'' genus |url=https://genome.cshlp.org/content/19/5/897 |journal=Genome Research |language=en |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=897–903 |doi=10.1101/gr.088609.108 |issn=1088-9051 |pmid=19251740|pmc=2675978 }}</ref> the out of testis expression evolution in fruit flies,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dai |first1=Hongzheng |last2=Yoshimatsu |first2=Toshio F. |last3=Long |first3=Manyuan |date=2006-12-30 |title=Retrogene movement within- and between-chromosomes in the evolution of ''Drosophila'' genomes |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378111906005191 |journal=Gene |series=Evolutionary Genomics |language=en |volume=385 |pages=96–102 |doi=10.1016/j.gene.2006.04.033 |pmid=17101240 |issn=0378-1119|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vinckenbosch |first1=Nicolas |last2=Dupanloup |first2=Isabelle |last3=Kaessmann |first3=Henrik |date=2006-02-21 |title=Evolutionary fate of retroposed gene copies in the human genome |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=103 |issue=9 |pages=3220–3225 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0511307103 |pmid=16492757 |pmc=1413932 |bibcode=2006PNAS..103.3220V |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free }}</ref> and also in vertebrates <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kaessmann |first1=Henrik |last2=Vinckenbosch |first2=Nicolas |last3=Long |first3=Manyuan |title=RNA-based gene duplication: mechanistic and evolutionary insights |journal=Nature Reviews. Genetics |year=2009 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=19–31 |doi=10.1038/nrg2487 |issn=1471-0064 |pmc=3690669 |pmid=19030023}}</ref> and increasing structural complexity of new genes in evolution.<ref name=":5" /> Long's major research interests and contributions include the essentiality of new genes,<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Sidi |last2=Zhang |first2=Yong E. |last3=Long |first3=Manyuan |date=2010-12-17 |title=New Genes in ''Drosophila'' Quickly Become Essential |journal=Science |volume=330 |issue=6011 |pages=1682–1685 |doi=10.1126/science.1196380 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=7211344 |pmid=21164016|bibcode=2010Sci...330.1682C }}</ref><ref name=":6" /> de novo gene origination,<ref name=":5" /> and new genes creating and resolving sexual conflict.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=VanKuren |first1=Nicholas W. |last2=Long |first2=Manyuan |date=2018-02-19 |title=Gene duplicates resolving sexual conflict rapidly evolved essential gametogenesis functions |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=705–712 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0471-0 |pmid=29459709 |pmc=5866764 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2..705V |issn=2397-334X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gallach |first1=Miguel |last2=Betrán |first2=Esther |date=May 2011 |title=Intralocus sexual conflict resolved through gene duplication |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=222–228 |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2011.02.004 |pmid=21397976 |pmc=3090214 |bibcode=2011TEcoE..26..222G |issn=0169-5347}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perry |first=Jennifer C. |date=April 2018 |title=Duplication resolves conflict |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0493-7 |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |language=en |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=597–598 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0493-7 |pmid=29459705 |bibcode=2018NatEE...2..597P |s2cid=3402243 |issn=2397-334X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xia |first=Shengqian |last2=Arsala |first2=Deanna |last3=Gschwend |first3=Andrea |last4=Koval |first4=William |last5=Atlas |first5=Jared |last6=Han |first6=Shuaibo |last7=Chen |first7=Jianhai |last8=Faulere |first8=Laura |last9=Li |first9=Muzi |last10=Mihaljevic |first10=Joseph |last11=Sanchez |first11=Daniel J. |last12=Yu |first12=Grace Rui-Tong |last13=Tamarina |first13=Natalia |last14=VanKuren |first14=Nicholas |last15=Allesina |first15=Stefano |date=2026-05-01 |title=Analysis of the impact of gene evolution on reproductive effects reveals prevalent sexual and germline–soma conflicts |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-026-03065-7 |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |language=en |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1038/s41559-026-03065-7 |issn=2397-334X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> His research activities also cover the phenotypic innovation of new genes<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Yong E. |last2=Landback |first2=Patrick |last3=Vibranovski |first3=Maria D. |last4=Long |first4=Manyuan |date=2011-10-18 |title=Accelerated Recruitment of New Brain Development Genes into the Human Genome |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=9 |issue=10 |article-number=e1001179 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001179 |pmid=22028629 |pmc=3196496 |issn=1545-7885 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Yong E. |last2=Landback |first2=Patrick |last3=Vibranovski |first3=Maria |last4=Long |first4=Manyuan |date=2012-09-24 |title=New genes expressed in human brains: Implications for annotating evolving genomes |journal=BioEssays |volume=34 |issue=11 |pages=982–991 |doi=10.1002/bies.201200008 |pmid=23001763 |s2cid=40744028 |issn=0265-9247}}</ref> and the expression network of new genes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Wenyu |last2=Landback |first2=Patrick |last3=Gschwend |first3=Andrea R. |last4=Shen |first4=Bairong |last5=Long |first5=Manyuan |date=2015-10-01 |title=New genes drive the evolution of gene interaction networks in the human and mouse genomes |journal=Genome Biology |volume=16 |issue=1 |page=202 |doi=10.1186/s13059-015-0772-4 |pmid=26424194 |pmc=4590697 |issn=1474-760X |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Sidi |last2=Ni |first2=Xiaochun |last3=Krinsky |first3=Benjamin H |last4=Zhang |first4=Yong E |last5=Vibranovski |first5=Maria D |last6=White |first6=Kevin P |last7=Long |first7=Manyuan |date=2012-04-27 |title=Reshaping of global gene expression networks and sex-biased gene expression by integration of a young gene |journal=The EMBO Journal |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=2798–2809 |doi=10.1038/emboj.2012.108 |pmid=22543869 |pmc=3380208 |issn=0261-4189}}</ref>
==== Scientific impact ==== Long and coworkers' findings on new gene evolution<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=W. |last2=Zhang |first2=J. |last3=Alvarez |first3=C. |last4=Llopart |first4=A. |last5=Long |first5=M. |year=2000 |title=The origin of the Jingwei gene and the complex modular structure of its parental gene, yellow emperor, in ''Drosophila melanogaster'' |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=17 |issue=9 |pages=1294–1301 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026413 |issn=0737-4038 |pmid=10958846}}</ref> were noted as examples in Nature Education library<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of New Genes and Pseudogenes {{!}} Learn Science at Scitable |url=http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/origins-of-new-genes-and-pseudogenes-835 |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.nature.com |language=en}}</ref> and the textbooks, for example ''Evolution'',<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Futuyma |first1=Douglas J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvoxzgEACAAJ |title=Evolution |last2=Kirkpatrick |first2=Mark |date=2018 |publisher=Sinauer Associates |language=en}}</ref> ''Molecular Evolution: a Phylogenetic Approach'',<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Page |first1=Roderick D. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2lWhjuK8m8C&q=Molecular+Evolution%3A+A+Phylogenetic+Approach&pg=PR3 |title=Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach |last2=Holmes |first2=Edward C. |date=2009-07-14 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4443-1336-9 |language=en}}</ref> and ''the Princeton Guide to Evolution''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Losos |first=Jonathan B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZRPmwEACAAJ |title=The Princeton Guide to Evolution |date=2014 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-14977-6 |language=en}}</ref> One of Long and coworkers' findings, de novo genes are far more commonly than previously thought,<ref name=":5" /> was rated as one of "15 studies that challenged medical dogma in 2019" (medscape).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=15 Studies That Challenged Medical Dogma in 2019 |url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/923150 |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Medscape |language=en}}</ref>
==== Publication ==== Long and his teams have published 180 research reports, reviews, commentaries and popular science articles on origination and evolution of new genes with their newly derived functions and phenotypes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Publications {{!}} The Manyuan Long Laboratory |url=https://manyuanlonglab.uchicago.edu/publications/ |website=manyuanlonglab.uchicago.edu |access-date=21 February 2023}}</ref>
=== The history of science === Long collaborated with Walter Gilbert to investigate and record important discoveries as molecular biology began to emerge as a field, driven by research in the labs of Walter Gilbert and other scientific pioneers of the era. Long oversaw the editing and publication of the book ''Walter Gilbert: Selected Works''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gilbert |first1=Walter |last2=Long |first2=Manyuan |date=2019-01-28 |title=Walter Gilbert |doi=10.1142/11355|isbn=978-981-12-0329-9 |s2cid=203392562 }}</ref> Long and two scholars (Hongya Gu and Zhonghe Zhou) published another book, entitled ''Darwin's Heritage Today'',<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Long |first1=Manyuan |title=Darwin's Heritage Today: Proceedings of the Darwin 200 Beijing International Conference |last2=Gu |first2=Hongya |last3=Zhou |first3=Zhonghe |publisher=Higher Education Press |year=2010}}</ref> regarding the history and impact of evolutionary biology research defined by Darwin since the publication of his work, On the Origin of Species, in 1859.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Charles |last=Darwin |title=On the Origin of Species |date=2022 |publisher=Printers Row Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-6672-0250-1 |oclc=1340958954}}</ref>
== Social impact == The new gene studies summarized by Long<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Long |first1=Manyuan |last2=VanKuren |first2=Nicholas W. |last3=Chen |first3=Sidi |last4=Vibranovski |first4=Maria D. |date=2013 |title=New Gene Evolution: Little Did We Know |journal=Annual Review of Genetics |volume=47 |pages=307–333 |doi=10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133301 |issn=0066-4197 |pmc=4281893 |pmid=24050177}}</ref> were presented in the case of ''Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District'' and elsewhere in defense of the First Amendment to U.S. Constitution<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitzmiller v. Dover: Day 21, AM: Scott Minnich (continued) |url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dover/day21am2.html |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=www.talkorigins.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Eugenie C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5pFxDwAAQBAJ&dq=Evolution-vs-Creationism&pg=PR7 |title=Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction, 2nd Edition: An Introduction |date=2008-12-30 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-34428-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitzmiller v. Dover: The last gasp of "balancing" evolution {{!}} National Center for Science Education |url=https://ncse.ngo/kitzmiller-v-dover-last-gasp-balancing-evolution |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=ncse.ngo |language=en}}</ref> and the evolutionary biology.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Judson |first=Olivia |date=2008-05-07 |title=When Genes Go Retro |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/05/06/when-genes-go-retro/ |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Opinionator |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Cook |first=Gareth |date=2013-07-02 |title=Doubting "Darwin's Doubt" |url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/doubting-darwins-doubt |access-date=2022-11-29 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Awards and honors == 1993 – Allen Marr Prize for the best Ph.D. thesis research in University of California, Davis, USA<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-07-12 |title=Allen G. Marr Prize |url=https://grad.ucdavis.edu/allen-g-marr-prize |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=UC Davis Graduate Studies |language=en}}</ref>
1998 – David & Lucille Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Long, Manyuan |url=https://www.packard.org/what-we-fund/science/packard-fellowships-for-science-and-engineering/fellowship-directory/long-manyuan/ |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=The David and Lucile Packard Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref>
2003 – CAREER Award National Science Foundation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manyuan Long |url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/kavli-frontiers-of-science/frontiers-alumni/alumni-directory/manyuan-long.html |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref>
2011 – Inaugural Edna K Papazian Distinguished Service Professor The University of Chicago<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inaugural Edna K Papazian Distinguished Service Professor {{!}} Profiles RNS |url=https://profiles.uchicago.edu/profiles/display/12664764 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=profiles.uchicago.edu}}</ref>
2013 – Honorary Visiting professor, the National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.
2014 – Fellow, the American Association for the Advancement of Science<ref>{{Cite web |title=New AAAS Fellows Recognized for Their Contributions to Advancing Science {{!}} American Association for the Advancement of Science |url=https://www.aaas.org/news/new-aaas-fellows-recognized-their-contributions-advancing-science |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=www.aaas.org |language=en}}</ref>
2019 – 15 Studies That Challenged Medical Dogma in 2019 Medscape<ref name=":1" />
2020 – The Distinguished Investigator Award in Biology, University of Chicago, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Manyuan Long Receives 2020 BSD Distinguished Faculty Award {{!}} Ecology & Evolution {{!}} The University of Chicago |url=https://ecologyandevolution.uchicago.edu/news/dr-manyuan-long-receives-2020-bsd-distinguished-faculty-award |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=ecologyandevolution.uchicago.edu |date=26 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
2022 – The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship for Natural Sciences (Biology), USA & Canada<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=2020 Guggenheim Fellowship winners announced |url=https://www.gf.org/news/foundation-news/2020-guggenheim-fellowship-winners-announced/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref>
2022 – The Ray Wu Award, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=https://www.cbisociety.org/awards.html |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=CHINESE BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATORS SOCIETY |language=en}}</ref>
2025 – Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin (Wissenschaftskolleg du Berlin)[https://app.m.uchicagomedicine.org/e/es?s=126746124&e=204212&elqTrackId=950b3844437c450fa67297708a69aa69&elq=5f71a80e4f6f46da924487583ec13376&elqaid=3136&elqat=1&elqak=8AF540858876B1E14702F79945B8FCCE3C984595B317FAB67D46764DE20CD9BFEDEE]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links == * Manyuan Long at [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Xu5Ts1AAAAAJ Google Scholar] * {{Official website|https://manyuanlonglab.uchicago.edu|Laboratory website}}, University of Chicago __FORCETOC__ {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Long, Manyuan}} Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:American geneticists Category:American evolutionary biologists Category:University of California, Davis alumni Category:University of Chicago faculty Category:21st-century American biologists