{{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Redirect-distinguish|Tachuris|tachuri}} {{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Speciesbox | name = Many-colored rush tyrant | image = Sietecolores (cropped).jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=Many-colored Rush-tyrant ''Tachuris rubrigastra'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22699410A263745268 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22699410A263745268.en |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> | genus = Tachuris | parent_authority = Lafresnaye, 1836 | species = rubrigastra | authority = (Vieillot, 1817) | range_map = Tachuris rubrigastra map.svg }}
The '''many-colored rush tyrant''' or '''many-coloured rush tyrant''' ('''''Tachuris rubrigastra''''') is a small passerine bird of South America belonging to the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.<ref name=IOC14.2>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/flycatchers/ |title=Tyrant flycatchers |website=IOC World Bird List |version =v 14.2 | editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |date=August 2024 |access-date=19 August 2024 }}</ref>
==Taxonomy and systematics==
A 2013 DNA-based study of South American suboscines found that the many-colored rush tyrant belonged to an isolated lineage that had been separated from other suboscines for around 25 million years. The authors proposed that it should be placed in its own monotypic family Tachurididae.<ref name=Ohlson>{{ cite journal | last1=Ohlson | first1=J.I. | last2=Irestedt | first2=M. | last3=Ericson | first3=P.G.P. | last4=Fjeldså | first4=J. | year=2013 | title=Phylogeny and classification of the New World suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes) | journal=Zootaxa | volume=3613 | issue=1 | pages=1–35 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3613.1.1 | pmid=24698900 | bibcode=2013Zoot.36133.1.1O | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261371295 }}</ref> It was subsequently suggested that the name should be Tachurisidae.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Franz|first1=I. | year=2015 |title=A family-group name correction in Aves: Tachurisidae instead of Tachurididae Ohlson, Irestedt, Ericson & Fjeldså, 2013 | journal=Zootaxa |volume=3941 |issue=4|pages=593–594|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3941.4.9 |pmid=25947533 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Edward Dickinson and Leslie Christidis placed it in Tachurisidae in the fourth edition of the ''Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World''.<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Christidis | editor-first2=L. | editor2-link=Leslie Christidis | year=2014 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=2: Passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2 | page=24 }}</ref> As of late 2024 the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society classifies it as ''incertae sedis'' and is seeking a proposal to clarify its status.<ref name=SACClist>Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved November 26, 2024</ref> Other taxonomic systems retain it in Tyrannidae.<ref name=IOC14.2/><ref name=Clements2024>Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 23, 2024</ref><ref name=HBW9>HBW and BirdLife International (2024). Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 9. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v9_Oct24.zip retrieved December 23, 2024</ref>
The many-colored rush tyrant is the only member of its genus and has these four subspecies:<ref name=IOC14.2/>
*''T. r. alticola'' <small>(Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896)</small> *''T. r. libertatis'' <small>Hellmayr, 1920</small> *''T. r. loaensis'' <small>Philippi Bañados & Johnson, AW, 1946</small> *''T. r. rubrigastra'' <small>(Vieillot, 1817, 1817)</small>
==Description==
The many-colored rush tyrant is "the most colourful of all tyrannids".<ref name=MCRT-BOW>Clock, B. M. (2020). Many-colored Rush Tyrant (''Tachuris rubrigastra''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.mcrtyr1.01 retrieved January 18, 2025</ref> It is {{convert|10.5|to|11.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|6.5|to|8|g|oz|abbr=on}}. Adult males of the nominate subspecies ''T. r. rubrigastra'' have a black crown with a slight crest and a partly hidden red patch in the middle. They have a large golden supercilium and glossy blue to black lores whose color extends onto the ear coverts giving a masked appearance. Their nape is ochraceous that blends into their bright moss-green back and rump. Their wings are black with white edges on the coverts and tertials that form a large bar when closed. Their tail is mostly black with white outermost feathers. Their upper throat is white and their breast and belly bright yellow with a wide, nearly complete, black bar across the breast. Their crissum is bright red to orange-red or pinkish red. Adult females have the same pattern as males but are slightly duller overall with a smaller crown patch. Immatures have an all black (no blue) mask, some yellow scaling on the back, and paler yellow underparts than adults without the black bar.<ref name=MCRT-BOW/><ref name=vanPerlo>{{cite book | last =van Perlo | first = Ber| title =A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil | publisher =Oxford University Press | date =2009 | location =New York | pages =302–303 | isbn =978-0-19-530155-7 }}</ref><ref name=Peña>{{cite book | last1 =de la Peña | first1 =Martín R. | last2=Rumboll |first2=Maurice| title =Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica | publisher =Princeton University Press | series =Princeton Illustrated Checklists | date =2001 | location =New Jersey | pages =Plate 71, map 71.13 | isbn =0-691-09035-1 }}</ref>
Subspecies ''T. r. alticola'' is slightly larger than the nominate, with a paler yellow supercilium and a darker, more blackish green back. ''T. r. libertatis'' has a less prominent and greener supercilium and a whiter throat and belly than the nominate. ''T. r. loaensis'' is smaller than the nominate. It has a green tinge on its supercilium with more white on the throat, a stronger yellowish ochre on the neck and breast, a paler grayish white belly, and more white on the tail than the nominate. Both sexes of all subspecies have a pale bluish iris, a black bill, and long black legs.<ref name=MCRT-BOW/><ref name=Peña/><ref name=Schulenberg>{{cite book | last1 =Schulenberg | first1 =T.S. | last2 =Stotz | first2 =D.F. | last3 =Lane | first3 =D.F. | last4 =O'Neill | first4 =J.P. | last5 =Parker | first5 =T.A. III | title =Birds of Peru | publisher =Princeton University Press | edition =revised and updated |series=Princeton Field Guides | date =2010 | location =Princeton, NJ | page =418 |isbn = 978-0-691-13023-1 }}</ref>
==Distribution and habitat==
The many-colored rush tyrant has a disjunct distribution. The nominate subspecies has the largest range. It is found from southern São Paulo and Paraná states in Brazil south through southern Uruguay and Paraguay into eastern Argentina all the way to Santa Cruz Province. It also is separately found in western Chile between the Atacama and Aysén regions. Subspecies ''T. r. libertatis'' is the northernmost. It is found in most of the length of western Peru, between Piura and Arquipa departments. ''T. r. alticola'' is found in the Altiplano of central and southeastern Peru from Junín Department south through Puno Department into western Bolivia' La Paz and Oruro departments and northwestern Argentina as far as Tucumán Province. ''T. r. loaensis'' has a very restricted range within northern Chile's Antofagasta Region.<ref name=MCRT-BOW/><ref name=vanPerlo/><ref name=Peña/><ref name=Schulenberg/>{{overcite|date=January 2025}}
The many-colored rush tyrant almost exclusively inhabits large reedbeds in lakes and marshes; it also infrequently occurs slightly into adjoining grassy edges. In elevation it ranges from sea level to {{convert|4300|m|ft|abbr=on}} overall. It reaches {{convert|2500|m|ft|abbr=on}} in Brazil and attains its highest elevation in Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina.<ref name=MCRT-BOW/><ref name=vanPerlo/><ref name=Peña/><ref name=Schulenberg/>{{overcite|date=January 2025}}
==Behavior== ===Movement===
The many-colored rush tyrant is partially migratory though the exact pattern is not well understood. Populations in the south move north while those further north are generally year-round residents. It reaches Brazil north of Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay, and possibly northern Uruguay and far northeastern Argentina only in the austral winter.<ref name=MCRT-BOW/><ref name=vanPerlo/><ref name=Peña/>
===Feeding===
The many-colored rush tyrant feeds on insects. It forages singly or in small family groups, almost always concealed in reeds. It also forages on mud and floating vegetation but always near cover. It gleans acrobatically, sometimes hanging upside down on reeds.<ref name=MCRT-BOW/><ref name=Schulenberg/>
thumb|200px|left|Many-colored rush tyrant nest ===Breeding===
The many-colored rush tyrant's breeding season has not been fully defined but includes September and October in Peru and Brazil. It makes a distinctive deep cone-shaped cup nest from wet reed leaves that harden as they dry; their consistency has been likened to cardboard. The nest is attached by its side to a reed. The usual clutch is three eggs; rarely a fourth is added. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<ref name=MCRT-BOW/>
{{birdsong|url=https://xeno-canto.org/species/Tachuris-rubrigastra |species=the many-colored rush tyrant}} ===Vocalization===
The many-colored rush tyrant's song is "a quiet, mellow, pleasant series of noes with a short buzz near the start and ending with a loose musical rattle: ''kachup-brrr-kachup'yp'a'trrrrl''. Its calls are "a loud ''keeYIP'' or ''kaCHOO'' and a quiet, popping ''pip''.<ref name=Schulenberg/>
==Status==
The IUCN has assessed the many-colored rush tyrant as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified.<ref name=IUCN/> It is considered locally common, often occurring in small colonies with apparently suitable unoccupied habitat between them. It is found in many protected areas.<ref name=MCRT-BOW/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category-inline|Tachuris rubrigastra}} {{Wikispecies-inline|Tachuris_rubrigastra}}
{{Passeriformes|T.|state=collapsed}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q629666}}
many-colored rush tyrant Category:Birds of Argentina Category:Birds of Chile Category:Birds of Peru Category:Birds of Uruguay many-colored rush tyrant Category:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot