{{Short description|Portuguese prelate}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Manuel Monteiro de Castro | honorific-suffix = | title = [[Apostolic Penitentiary|Major Penitentiary emeritus of the Apostolic Penitentiary]] | image = Monteiro de Castro.jpg | image_size = 180px | alt = | caption = | church = | archdiocese = | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = | elected = | appointed = 5 January 2012 | term = | term_start = | quashed = | term_end = 21 September 2013 | predecessor = [[Fortunato Baldelli]] | opposed = | successor = [[Mauro Piacenza]] | other_post = {{unbulleted list|Cardinal priest of San Domenico di Guzman}} <!---------- Orders ----------> | ordination = 9 July 1961 | ordinated_by = | consecration = 23 March 1985 | consecrated_by = [[Agostino Casaroli]] | cardinal = 18 February 2012 | created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] | rank = {{Unbulleted list|Cardinal deacon (2012–22)|Cardinal priest (2022–present)}} <!---------- Personal details ----------> | birth_name = Manuel Monteiro de Castro | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|03|29|df=y}} | birth_place = Santa Eufémia de Prazins, [[Guimarães]], Portugal | death_date = | death_place = | buried = | nationality = | religion = Roman Catholic | residence = | parents = | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio or Delegate to Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda (1985–1990)|Apostolic Nuncio to Honduras (1990–1991)|Apostolic Nuncio to El Salvador (1990–1991)|Apostolic Nuncio to South Africa, Namibia, Swaziland, and Lesotho (1998–2000)|Apostolic Nuncio to Spain and Andorra (2000–2009)|Secretary of the Congregation for Bishops (2009–2012)}} | alma_mater = | motto = ''Mane nobiscum Domine'' (Remain with us, Lord) | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Manuel Monteiro de Castro.svg | coat_of_arms_alt = }} {{infobox cardinal styles | name=Manuel Monteiro de Castro | dipstyle=[[The Most Reverend]] | offstyle=[[Your Eminence]] | relstyle=[[Monsignor]] | deathstyle= | image=Coat of arms of Manuel Monteiro de Castro.svg | image_size=200px }} '''Manuel Monteiro de Castro''' (born 29 March 1938) is a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] from 1967 to 2009, with the rank of archbishop and the title of nuncio from 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Cardinals Created by Benedict XVI (2012)|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/data/cardB16-4.htm#6884|website=gcatholic.org|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> His assignments as nuncio included the Caribbean, South Africa, Central America, and Spain. He ended his career in senior positions in the [[Roman Curia]] from 2009 to 2013. He was made a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] in 2012.<ref name=":0" />
==Early years== Monteiro de Castro was born on 29 March 1938 in Santa Eufémia de Prazins, [[Guimarães]], Portugal.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://portuguese-american-journal.com/religion-d-manuel-monteiro-de-castro-elevated-to-cardinal-vatican/ | work = Portuguese-American Journal | access-date = 25 July 2019 | date = 18 February 2012 | title = Religion: Manuel Monteiro de Castro Elevated to Cardinal}}</ref> He studied humanities, philosophy and theology in the [[Archdiocese of Braga]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=EWTN Global Catholic Television Network: Catholic News, TV, Radio {{!}} EWTN|url=https://www.ewtn.com/|website=EWTN Global Catholic Television Network|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> He was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop António Bento Júnior on 9 July 1961. He then studied at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] in Rome, earning a doctorate in [[canon law]] in June 1967. He also trained for a career as a diplomat at the [[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]]|language =it|access-date = 25 July 2019 | title = Pontificia Accademia Ecclesiastica, Ex-alunni 1950 – 1999 |url = https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/acdeccles/documents/1950-1999.htm }}</ref> In February 1969, he became an advocate in the Sacred Roman Rota.
==Diplomat== He entered the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] in 1967. He was created [[Monsignor|Chaplain of His Holiness]] on 1 July 1968. He served as secretary of the nunciatures in Panama from 1967 to 1969, Guatemala from 1969 until 1972, Việt Nam and Cambodia from 1972 until 1975, Australia from 1975 to 1978, and Mexico from 1978 to June 1981. He was upgraded to prelate of honour of His Holiness on 1 July 1981. He then worked in the Second Section of the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretariat of State]] from June to November 1981. He was counselor of the [[Apostolic Nuncio to Belgium|nunciature in Belgium]] from the end of 1981 until 1985.
On 16 February 1985, [[Pope John Paul II]] appointed him titular archbishop of [[Beneventum (Africa)|Beneventum]]; Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago; and Apostolic Delegate to the other territories in the Antilles.<ref>{{cite book | access-date = 8 December 2019 | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis |pages = 346, 443 | date= 1985| url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-77-1985-ocr.pdf | volume = LXXVII }}</ref> His title change to Apostolic Nuncio to Granada on 30 April.<ref>{{cite book | access-date = 8 December 2019 | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis |page = 677 | date= 1985| url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-77-1985-ocr.pdf | volume = LXXVII }}</ref> He was consecrated a bishop by [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] [[Agostino Casaroli]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manuel Cardinal Monteiro de Castro [Catholic-Hierarchy]|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmoncas.html|website=catholic-hierarchy.org|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> He became in addition Apostolic Nuncio to Antigua and Barbuda on 25 April 1987.<ref>{{cite book | access-date = 8 December 2019 | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis |page = 623 | date= 1987| url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-79-1987-ocr.pdf | volume = LXXIX }}</ref>
He was named Apostolic Nuncio to both Honduras and El Salvador on 21 August 1990,<ref>{{cite book | access-date = 8 December 2019 | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis |page = 1021 | date= 1990 | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-82-1990-ocr.pdf | volume = LXXXII }}</ref> but was replaced in Honduras by [[Luigi Conti (nuncio)|Luigi Conti]] on 12 April 1991.<ref>{{cite book | access-date = 8 December 2019 | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis |page = 447 | date= 1991 | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-83-1991-ocr.pdf | volume = LXXXIII }}</ref>
In 1998, he was appointed Apostolic Nuncio to South Africa, Namibia, and Swaziland on 2 February<ref>{{cite book | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-90-1998-ocr.pdf | page= 245 | date= 1998 | volume = XC| access-date = 8 December 2019 }}</ref> and Apostolic Nuncio to Lesotho on 7 March.<ref>{{cite book | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-90-1998-ocr.pdf | page= 302 | date= 1998 | volume = XC| access-date = 8 December 2019 }}</ref>
On 1 March 2000, he was appointed [[Apostolic Nuncio to Spain]] and [[Andorra]].<ref name=bio>{{cite press release | publisher = Holy See Press Office | access-date = 25 July 2019 | date = 1 March 2000| url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2000/03/01/0134/00510.html| title = Rinunce e Nomine, 01.03.2000 | language = it}}</ref> He met with [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] to reduce tension between the Spanish government and the Church. Addressing a conference of Spanish bishops in 2004, he proposed they support the legal recognition of same-sex relationships called something other than "marriages". He said: "The new political situation in which we are living in Spain sets new challenges in the spreading of the gospel and we must meet those challenges in an appropriate manner.... There are other forms of cohabitation and it is good that they be recognised."<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 25 July 2019 |work= The Guardian| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/may/05/gayrights.catholicism | title = Papal envoy breaks ranks on gay couples | date = 5 May 2004| first = Ben | last = Sills | first2= Stephen | last2= Bates}}</ref>
On 7 December 2007, he was given the added role of Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the [[World Tourism Organization]] (UNWTO).<ref>{{cite press release | publisher = Holy See Press Office | access-date = 25 July 2019 | date = 7 December 2007| url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2007/12/07/0653/01760.html| title = Rinunce e Nomine, 07.12.2007 | language = it}}</ref>
==Roman Curia== On 3 July 2009, Pope Benedict ended his diplomatic career by appointing him Secretary of the [[Congregation for Bishops]].<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 25 July 2019 |date= 3 July 2009| title = Rinunce e Nomine, 03.07.2009 | language = it| url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2009/07/03/0448/01060.html | publisher = Holy See Press Office}}</ref> He was given additional responsibility as Secretary of the [[College of Cardinals]] on 21 October 2009.<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 25 July 2019 |date= 21 October 2009| title = Rinunce e Nomine, 21.10.2009 | language = it| url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2009/10/21/0653/01536.html | publisher = Holy See Press Office}}</ref> He was named a consultor to the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] on 19 November 2009.<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 25 July 2019 |date= 19 November 2009| title = Rinunce e Nomine, 19.11.2009 | language = it| url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2009/11/19/0726/01720.html| publisher = Holy See Press Office}}</ref>
On 5 January 2012, Monteiro de Castro was appointed [[Apostolic Penitentiary|Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary]].<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 25 July 2019 |date= 5 January 2012| title = Rinunce e Nomine, 05.01.2012 | language = it| url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2012/01/05/0007/00019.html| publisher = Holy See Press Office}}</ref>
==Cardinal== On 6 January 2012, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] announced he would make Monteiro de Castro a cardinal on 18 February. He was created [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[San Domenico di Guzman (Rome)|San Domenico di Guzman]] on that day. On 21 April 2012, Monteiro de Castro was appointed a member of the [[Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants]], [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]] and the [[Congregation for Bishops]].<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 25 July 2019 |date= 21 April 2012| title = Rinunce e Nomine, 21.04.2012 | language = it| url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2012/04/21/0225/00521.html | publisher = Holy See Press Office}}</ref>
He was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2013|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2013|2013 papal conclave]] that elected [[Pope Francis]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/03/12/0146/00364.html| title=Elenco dei Cardinali che entrano in Conclave secondo il loro rispettivo ordine e precedenza (Vescovi, Presbiteri, Diaconi)|date=12 March 2013|publisher=[[Holy See Press Office|Sala Stampa della Santa Sede]]|language=it|trans-title=List of Cardinals entering into Conclave according to their respective order of precedence (Bishops, Priests, Deacons)|access-date=12 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503185432/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/03/12/0146/00364.html|archive-date=3 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 4 March 2022, he was elevated to the rank of cardinal priest.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Ordinary Public Consistory for the vote on some Causes for Canonization |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2022/03/04/220304b.html |access-date=4 March 2022 | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 4 March 2022}}</ref>
==Honors== *In 1985, he was awarded Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Infante Dom Henrique]], granted by Prime Minister [[Mário Soares]].<ref name=miranda>{{Cite web |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios2012.htm#Monteiro |title=Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |access-date=5 May 2013 |archive-date=13 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213024409/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios2012.htm#Monteiro |url-status=live }}</ref> *In 2003, he was decorated with the Knight Grand Cross of the Military Order of Christ, granted by the minister of Foreign Affairs.<ref name=miranda/>
== See also ==
* [[Nuncio|Apostolic Nuncio]] * [[List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{wikiquote}} {{commons category}} * {{cite web| access-date = 6 December 2017| title= Monteiro de Castro Card. Manuel |publisher= [[Holy See Press Office]] | url= https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_monteiro-de-castro_m.html | url-status=live | archive-date= 19 September 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160919102916/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_monteiro-de-castro_m.html }}
{{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Paul Fouad Naïm Tabet]]|rows=5}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to the Bahamas|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Bahamas]]|years=16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990}} {{s-aft|after=[[Eugenio Sbarbaro]]|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Barbados|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Barbados]]|years=16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990}} {{s-break}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Belize|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Belize]]|years=16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990}} {{s-aft|after=[[Giacinto Berloco]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Jamaica|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Jamaica]]|years=16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990}} {{s-aft|after=[[Eugenio Sbarbaro]]|rows=6}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Trinidad and Tobago|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Trinidad and Tobago]]|years=16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990}}
{{s-new|creation|rows=4}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Dominica|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Dominica]]|years=16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Grenada|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Grenada]]|years=16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Saint Lucia|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Saint Lucia]]|years=16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Antigua and Barbuda|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Antigua and Barbuda]]|years=25 April 1987 – 21 August 1990}} {{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Francesco De Nittis]]|rows=2}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to El Salvador]]|years=21 August 1990 – 2 February 1998}} {{s-aft|after=[[Giacinto Berloco]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Honduras]]|years=21 August 1990 – 12 April 1991}} {{s-aft|after=[[Luigi Conti (nuncio)|Luigi Conti]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ambrose Battista De Paoli]]|rows=4}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to South Africa|Apostolic Nuncio to South Africa]]|years=2 February 1998 – 1 March 2000}} {{s-aft|after=[[Blasco Francisco Collaço]]|rows=4}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Namibia|Apostolic Nuncio to Namibia]]|years=2 February 1998 – 1 March 2000}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Swaziland|Apostolic Nuncio to Swaziland]]|years=2 February 1998 – 1 March 2000}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Lesotho|Apostolic Nuncio to Lesotho]]|years=2 February 1998 – 1 March 2000}} {{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Lajos Kada]]|rows=2}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Spain]]|years=1 March 2000 – 3 July 2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[Renzo Fratini]]|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nunciature to Andorra|Apostolic Nuncio to Andorra]]|years=1 March 2000 – 3 July 2009}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Francesco Monterisi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Congregation for Bishops|Secretary of the Congregation for Bishops]]|years=3 July 2009 – 5 January 2012}} {{s-aft|after=[[Lorenzo Baldisseri]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Fortunato Baldelli]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Penitentiary|Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary]]|years=5 January 2012 – 21 September 2013}} {{s-aft|after=[[Mauro Piacenza]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Cardinals created by Benedict XVI}} {{Cardinals of the Catholic Church|state=collapsed}}
{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Christianity |portal3= Portugal}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Monteiro De Castro, Manuel}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1938 births]] [[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]] [[Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni]] [[Category:Roman Catholic titular archbishops]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Honduras]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to El Salvador]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to South Africa]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Lesotho]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Eswatini]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Spain]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Andorra]] [[Category:Permanent observers of the Holy See to the United Nations]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to the Bahamas]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Belize]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Barbados]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Dominica]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Jamaica]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Grenada]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Saint Lucia]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Trinidad and Tobago]] [[Category:Portuguese Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]] [[Category:Members of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints]] [[Category:20th-century Portuguese Roman Catholic priests]] [[Category:21st-century Portuguese cardinals]] [[Category:Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]] [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic]] [[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry]] [[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)]] [[Category:Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary]] [[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Antigua and Barbuda]] [[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope John Paul II]]