{{short description|Spanish Army general}} {{Infobox military person | name = Manuel Goded | image = Goded NAC Archive.jpg | image_size = | caption = | nickname = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1882|10|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = San Juan, Puerto Rico | death_date = {{Death date and age|1936|8|12|1882|10|15|df=yes}} | death_place = Montjuïc Castle, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain | death_cause = Execution by firing squad | burial_place = | allegiance = {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} Kingdom of Spain <small>(1900–1931)</small><br />{{flag|Spanish Republic}} <small>(1931–1936)</small><br />{{flagicon|Spain|1936}} Nationalist Spain <small>(1936)</small> | branch = Spanish Army | service_years = 1900–1936 | rank = General of the Army | unit = | commands = Chief of Staff of the Spanish Army of Africa<br />Chief of Staff of the Central Army | battles = {{tree list}} * Rif War ** Battle of Alhucemas * Spanish Civil War {{executed}} {{tree list/end}} | awards = | relations = | other_work = }}
'''Manuel Goded Llopis''' (15 October 1882 – 12 August 1936) was a Spanish Army general who was one of the key figures in the July 1936 revolt against the democratic government of Manuel Azaña. Having unsuccessfully led an attempted insurrection in Barcelona, he was captured and executed by the Republican government. Previously, Goded had distinguished himself in the Battle of Alhucemas during the Rif War.
==Early life== He was born in the city of San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico, then a Spanish colony. There, he received his primary and secondary education. His family moved to Spain after Puerto Rico became a possession of the United States by the Treaty of Paris of 1898, which ended the Spanish–American War. In Spain, he enrolled and was accepted in the Academy of Infantry.<ref name="History">[http://www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/historia/personajes/7314.htm Historia] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101126190657/http://www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/historia/personajes/7314.htm |date=26 November 2010}}</ref>
==Rif War== Goded graduated from the academy and was assigned to various posts. In 1907, when 25 years old, he held the rank of captain. In 1919, a rebellion against Spanish colonial rule took place in Spanish Morocco, a Spanish protectorate. The rebel leader in what is also known as the Rif War was Abd-el-Krim.<ref>[http://www.balagan.org.uk/war/iberia/1909/index.htm 1911 - 1927 Rif War / Second Moroccan War] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218211945/http://balagan.org.uk/war/iberia/1909/index.htm |date=18 December 2008}}</ref> The Riffians, as the rebels became known, annihilated the army of Spanish General Manuel Fernández Silvestre at the Battle of Annual in 1921 and were poised to attack the Spanish enclave of Melilla. Generals Jose Millan Astray and Francisco Franco, who founded the Spanish Foreign Legion, fought against the Riffians on land.
In 1925, Goded led an amphibious landing at Alhucemas Bay (now Al Hoceima Bay) in what is known as the Battle of Alhucemas. It was considered as the beginning of the end of the Rif Rebellion. By 1927, the rebellion had ended, and Spain recaptured her lost territory.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.denismcd.com/_bkr.txt |title=BETROTHED OF DEATH. The Spanish Foreign During the Rif Rebellion |accessdate=11 November 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190424123409/http://www.denismcd.com/_bkr.txt |archive-date=24 April 2019 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Goded was promoted to brigadier general and soon was named chief of staff of the Spanish Army of Africa.
==Dictatorship and Second Republic== Goded at first supported the right-wing dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, which was established in 1923 with the consent of King Alfonso XIII. However, Goded's eventual criticism of the government led to his removal from the post.<ref>Robinson, Richard AH ''The Origins of Franco’s Spain – The Right, the Republic and Revolution, 1931–1936'' Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1970 p.28</ref>
He collaborated in the 1932 coup d'état attempt, after which he was forced to distance from the Armed Forces, but was called to return in 1934 to lead the repression of the Asturias revolt.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/29/60/04oliver.pdf|title=La suerte del general Goded. Cultura punitiva y cultura de guerra en la revolución española de 1936|first=Pedro|journal=Jerónimo Zurita|volume=84|year=2009|issn=0044-5517|last=Oliver Olmo|page=42}}</ref>
In May 1936, Manuel Azaña became the second and last president of the Second Spanish Republic. Goded was named Chief of Staff of the Central Army but was again relieved of his position after a conflict with the government. When right-wing officers suspected of plotting against the government were reassigned, he was exiled to a remote and inconsequential post on the Balearic Islands.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://perso.wanadoo.es/lomise/acacia1149.htm |title=Manuel Azaña Díaz es |publisher= |accessdate=28 May 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120320072807/http://perso.wanadoo.es/lomise/acacia1149.htm |archive-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Revolt and execution== When right-wing generals rebelled against the Popular Front government of the Second Republic in July 1936, Goded unsuccessfully led troops in the Catalan capital, Barcelona, after he had taken control of Mallorca and Ibiza. Catalonia, being among the most industrialised regions of Spain, was a stronghold of the organized left, and Goded's local operations failed. He was captured by government forces on August 11 and held on the prison ship ''Uruguay''.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1936/08/11/88686823.html?pageNumber=3 |title=Spanish rebel leader who awaits trial |newspaper=The New York Times |page=3 |url-access=subscription |date=11 August 1936 |accessdate=14 November 2020}}</ref> Goded was tried by a Republican military court for treason and compelled to order his remaining troops, via radio, to surrender. Goded was sentenced to death by firing squad.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.generalisimofranco.com/GC/alzamiento/a.htm |title=El Alzamiento del 18 de Julio en las capitales. |publisher= |accessdate=28 May 2016}}</ref> He was executed the next day at Montjuïc Castle in Barcelona.<ref name="War">{{cite web |url= http://www.guerracivil1936.galeon.com/bionac3.htm |title=BIOGRAFÍAS DEL BANDO NACIONAL |publisher= |accessdate=28 May 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024057/http://www.guerracivil1936.galeon.com/bionac3.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Goded's death not only decapitated the Nationalist revolt in Barcelona and greater Catalonia but also removed one of the key personal and political rivals to the movement's eventual leader, Francisco Franco.<ref>Payne, SG ''The Franco Regime, 1936–1975'' Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1987 p.101, note 27.</ref>
==See also== {{Portal|Spain|Conservatism|Puerto Rico|Biography}} *List of Puerto Ricans *List of Puerto Rican military personnel *Spanish Civil War {{clr}}
==Notes== <references group=note/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Goded Llopis, Manuel}} Category:1882 births Category:1936 deaths Category:Military personnel from San Juan, Puerto Rico Category:Spanish anti-communists Category:Generals of Spain Category:Puerto Rican military personnel Category:Spanish military personnel of the Rif War Category:Spanish military personnel killed in the Spanish Civil War (National faction) Category:Spanish monarchists Category:Puerto Rican people of Spanish descent Category:People killed by the Second Spanish Republic Category:People executed for treason against Spain Category:People executed by Spain by firing squad Category:Executed Puerto Rican people Category:Executed military leaders Category:Perpetrators of political repression in the Second Spanish Republic