{{family name hatnote|Codorniu|Ferreras|lang=Spanish}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Manuel Codorniu | image = Manuel Codorniu.jpg | image_size = | alt = Drawing of Manuel Codorniu, seated. | caption = Portrait by José Vallejo y Galeazo (1855) | office1 = Senator for Tarragona | term_start1 = 1841 | term_end1 = 1843<ref name=Senado /> | monarch1 = Isabella II of Spain | predecessor1 = Antonio Rodes<ref name="MinisterioDeJusticia">{{cite book|title=Colección legislativa de España|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt4rAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA181|accessdate=26 September 2014|volume=27|year=1842|publisher=Ministerio de Justicia|location=Madrid, Spain|language=Spanish|page=181}}</ref> | successor1 = | office2 = Deputy for Castellón to the Constituent Cortes | term_start2 = 13 November 1854 | term_end2 = 2 September 1856<ref name=Diputados /> | monarch2 = Isabella II of Spain | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1788|6|1|df=y}} | birth_place = Esparreguera, Province of Barcelona, Catalonia | death_date = {{Death date and age|1857|7|18|1788|6|1|df=y}} | death_place = Madrid, Spain | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | birth_name = Manuel Codorniu y Ferreras | party = | spouse = | relations = | children = Antonio Codorniu y Nieto | parents = Manuel Codorniu Vidal | alma_mater = University of Cervera<ref name=UCM /> | signature = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }}
'''Manuel Codorniu y Ferreras''' (1 June 1788 – 18 July 1857) was a Spanish military physician, educator and publisher who served in the Senate (1841–1843)<ref name=Senado>{{cite web|title=Manuel Codorniu y Ferreras|url=http://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/senadohistoria/senado18341923/senadores/fichasenador/index.html?id1=739|publisher=Senado de España|accessdate=26 September 2014|language=Spanish|quote=Senador por la provincia de Tarragona 1841, 1842, 1843[1ª], 1843[1ª], 1843[2ª]}}</ref> and in the Constituent Cortes (1854–1856) of his native country.<ref name="Cortes Generales, 1858">{{cite book|author=Cortes Generales|title=Estadística del personal y vicisitudes de las Cortes y de los Ministerios de España: desde el 29 de setiembre de 1833, en que falleció el Rey Don Fernando VII, hasta el 11 de setiembre de 1858, en que se disolvió el Congreso de los Diputados|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Yh4dc8itfoC&pg=PA572|accessdate=26 September 2014|year=1858|publisher=Imprenta Nacional|location=Madrid, España|language=Spanish|page=572|quote=CODORNIU (Sr. D. Manuel) — Diputado, Cortes constituyentes de 1854 á 56 — Senador electivo}}</ref>
During his lifetime, he headed several medical and political publications —including ''{{lang|es|El Sol}}'', an influential masonic newspaper that actively opposed Mexican Emperor Agustín de Iturbide in the 1820s— and started an education program in Mexico based on the works of Joseph Lancaster.<ref name="Martínez, 2010">{{cite book|last=Martínez Dominguez|first=Laura|chapter=Manuel Codorniú Ferreras (1788-1857)|editor-last=Ludlow|editor-first=Leonor|title=200 emprendedores mexicanos: Cien emprendedores mexicanos, siglo XIX|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esKZZwEACAAJ|year=2010|publisher=LID Editorial|location=Mexico City, Mexico|language=Spanish|isbn=978-607-7610-18-2|pages=91–95|oclc=703451220}}</ref><ref name="Cortina, 2006">{{cite book|last=Cortina|first=Regina|title=Women and Teaching: Global Perspectives on the Feminization of a Profession|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SV7HAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|year=2006|accessdate=26 September 2014|location=New York City, NY|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-8437-1|pages=244–245|oclc=137658155}}</ref>
==Biography==
Manuel Codorniu y Ferreras was born in Esparreguera, a small town in the Province of Barcelona, Catalonia, on 1 June 1788. Both his father and grandfather were physicians, and his father, Manuel Codorniu Vidal, served as a military physician as well.<ref name=UCM />
He joined the Conciliar Seminary of Barcelona in 1797 and took courses in Latin, Rhetoric, Physics, Mathematics and Metaphysics. In 1804, he graduated with a degree in philosophy ({{langx|es|bachiller en Filosofía}}) from the University of Cervera and took some courses in Pathology and clinical practice at the University of Valencia. After enrolling in a group of volunteers at the Royal University of Toledo —where courses could be accredited without examination— he returned to Cervera and graduated with a degree in medicine in 1810.<ref name=UCM>{{cite web|title=Codorniu y Ferreras, Manuel 1788-1857|url=http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/BUCM/med/archivo/ficha_medico.php?id_medico=1317|website=Médicos Históricos|publisher=Biblioteca de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid|accessdate=26 September 2014|language=Spanish|archive-date=19 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019001322/http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/BUCM/med/archivo/ficha_medico.php?id_medico=1317|url-status=dead}}</ref>
He enlisted at the royal army when the Peninsular War broke out between Spanish monarchists and French imperial forces commanded by Napoléon Bonaparte. Carlos Nagués assigned him to the Sant Ferran Castle, where he was taken prisoner on 3 May 1811. After the conflict came to and end, he received military awards and a royal pension from King Ferdinand VII.<ref name=UCM />
He joined the Overseas Army ({{langx|es|Ejército de Ultramar}}) and left for the New Spain, arriving to the Port of Veracruz with liberal Viceroy Juan O'Donojú on 31 June 1821. In Mexico, he researched several endemic diseases and became actively involved in Scottish Rite masonic lodges, which at the time served as Royalist political clubs but, in contrast with the local Conservative parties, strongly resisted further influence from the Catholic Church in public affairs.<ref name="De la Fuente, 1874">{{cite book|last=De la Fuente|first=Vicente|title=Historia de las sociedades secretas antiguas y modernas en España y especialmente de la Francmasonería|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1V_DAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 |accessdate=26 September 2014 |volume=I |year=1874 |publisher=Imprenta de D.R.P. Infante |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |isbn=978-84-611-2225-7 |page=250}}</ref> In Mexico City, he founded ''El Sol'', an influential newspaper that opposed Emperor Agustín de Iturbide and cofounded the ''{{lang|es|Compañía Lancasteriana}}'' to implement innovative education practices popularized by Joseph Lancaster through the British and Foreign School Society.<ref name="Estrada, 1973">{{cite journal|last1=Estrada|first1=Dorothy T.|title=Las escuelas lancasterianas en la Ciudad de México: 1821-1842|journal=Historia Mexicana|volume=22|issue=4|date=April–June 1973|publisher=El Colegio de México|location=Mexico City, Mexico|pages=494–512|url=http://codex.colmex.mx:8991/exlibris/aleph/a18_1/apache_media/4DCY341NUL89URFFJ4C3QF2IPNJ9SK.pdf|accessdate=26 September 2014|language=Spanish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224081659/http://codex.colmex.mx:8991/exlibris/aleph/a18_1/apache_media/4DCY341NUL89URFFJ4C3QF2IPNJ9SK.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Spain's persistent refusal to recognize the Mexican independence sparked a nationalist revolt in 1827, and Mexican President Guadalupe Victoria ordered the deportation of most Spanish-born citizens.<ref name="Sims, 1982">{{cite book|last=Sims|first=Harold|title=Descolonización en México: el conflicto entre mexicanos y españoles, (1821-1831)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYVVAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 September 2014|year=1982|publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica|location=Mexico City, Mexico|language=Spanish|pages=26–41|isbn=978-968-16-1070-8}}</ref> Codorniu's political enemies took advantage of the situation, sent him to a refugees' colony and made sure he abandoned the country.<ref name=UCM />
Back in Spain, he was tried by the Purification Tribunal —responsible for exiles and prisoners,— found guilty and discharged from the army in 1829. In 1836, after years practicing medicine privately and volunteering in several epidemic crises, he was readmitted. A few years later, he was elected senator for Tarragona (1841–1843) and deputy for Castellón to the Constituent Cortes (1854–1856).<ref name=Diputados>{{cite web|title=Manuel Codorniu y Ferreras|url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/SDocum/ArchCon/SDHistoDipu/SDIndHistDip?_piref73_1340024_73_1340023_1340023.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=DIPH&FMT=DIPHXLDA.fmt&DOCS=1-25&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=Y&QUERY=%2826880%29.NDIP.|website=Historic summary of Members of the Congress (1810-1977)|publisher=Congreso de los Diputados|accessdate=26 September 2014|location=Madrid, Spain|language=Spanish|quote=Elecciones 4.10.1854 (Castellón) [...] Fecha de alta: 13/11/1854 [...] Fecha de baja: 02/09/1856 Profesión: Director de Sanidad}}</ref> He was grandfather of the notorious forester Ricardo Codorníu y Stárico, who led exemplary reforestations in the 19th century in southeastern Spain.
He died in Madrid on 18 July 1857, at the age of 69.<ref name=UCM />
==Books== *''{{lang|es|Historia de la salvación del ejército expedicionario de Ultramar de la fiebre amarilla}}'' (1820) *''{{lang|es|Angina exantemática de México y demás enfermedades endémicas y epidémicas del país}}'' (1825) *''{{lang|es|Conocimiento, curación y método precautivo de la enfermedad epidémica llamada vulgarmente el susto de la pinacata y demás afecciones catarrales}}'' (1826) *''{{lang|es|El tifus castrense y civil}}'' (1838) *''{{lang|es|Reglamento de Hospitales Militares}}'' (1838) *''{{lang|es|Observaciones sobre las enfermedades más perniciosas que han reinado en el ejército en 1844}}'' (1845) *''{{lang|es|Aviso preventivo contra el cólera epidémico}}'' (1849) *''{{lang|es|Formulario de los medicamentos para hospitales militares}}'' (1850) *''{{lang|es|Alocución a los individuos del cuerpo de Sanidad militar}}'' (1854)
==Notes and references== {{reflist|2}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Codorniu, Manuel}} Category:Members of the Senate of Spain Category:Members of the Congress of Deputies (Spain) Category:Spanish military doctors Category:Medical doctors from Catalonia Category:University of Valencia alumni Category:People from Esparreguera Category:1788 births Category:1857 deaths Category:19th-century Spanish military personnel