Mantamonas

{{Short description|Group of protists}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Mantamonas | authority = Cavalier-Smith & Glücksman 2011<ref name="pmid20884290"/> | parent_authority = Cavalier-Smith 2011<ref name="pmid20884290"/> | grandparent_authority = Cavalier-Smith 2011<ref name="pmid20884290"/> | greatgrandparent_authority = Cavalier-Smith 2013 emend. 2021<ref name="CavSmith 2021"/> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = * ''Mantamonas plastica'' * ''Mantamonas sphyraenae'' * ''Mantamonas vickermani'' | type_species = ''Mantamonas plastica'' | type_species_authority = Glücksman & Cavalier-Smith 2011<ref name="pmid20884290"/> | diversity = 3 species<ref name="Blaz 2021"/> }}

'''Mantamonads''' are a group of free-living heterotrophic flagellates that move primarily by gliding on surfaces (rather than swimming). They are classified as one genus '''''Mantamonas''''' in the monotypic family '''Mantamonadidae''', order '''Mantamonadida''' and class '''Glissodiscea'''.<ref name="CavSmith 2021"/> Previously, they were classified in Apusozoa as sister of the Apusomonadida on the basis of rRNA analyses.<ref name="pmid20884290"/><ref name="Orr 2017"/> However, mantamonads are currently placed in CRuMs on the basis of phylogenomic analyses that identify their closest relatives as the Diphylleida and Rigifilida.<ref name="CavSmith 2014"/><ref name="Brown_2018"/>

==Morphology== ''Mantamonas'' are heterotrophic unicellular protists. Their cells are flattened, relatively plastic and asymmetric. They have one thin anterior flagellum and one conspicuous posterior flagellum, on which they glide. The cells have a right hump, likely caused by the nucleus, and a blunt projection on the left side. They are typically 2 μm thick,<ref name="pmid20884290"/> 5 μm long and 5 μm wide, but vary in size and shape depending on their growth phase and the bacterial density in the medium.<ref name="Blaz 2021"/> When wide-shaped, they present lateral "wings" that resemble the fins of a manta ray (hence the name ''Mantamonas'').<ref name="Blaz 2021"/>

==Ecology== ''Mantamonas'' are marine gliding heterotrophic flagellates. ''M. plastica'' was isolated from marine sediments, while ''M. vickermani'' was isolated from marine lagoon sediments. ''M. sphyraenae'' was obtained from the skin surface of a barracuda, suggesting that it could be an epizootic species.<ref name="Blaz 2021"/>

==Evolution== When discovered in 2011, a phylogenetic analysis based on 28S and 18S rRNA recovered ''Mantamonas'' as a lineage closely related to Planomonadida and Apusomonadida, within the paraphyletic Apusozoa.<ref name="pmid20884290"/> Later in 2018, a phylogenomic analysis recovered ''Mantamonas'' as the sister group of a clade comprising Collodictyonidae and Rigifilida. Together, the three groups compose the CRuMs clade, which is the sister group to Amorphea (Amoebozoa + Obazoa) in a clade known as Podiata.<ref name="Brown_2018"/> {{clade| style=font-size:90%;|label1=Eukaryota|1={{clade |1=Diaphoretickes |2=Discoba |3=Metamonada Cavalier-Smith 1987 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003 |4={{clade |1=Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Atkins 2000|2={{clade |1=Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2003 |label2=Podiata|2={{Clade |label1=Amorphea |1={{Clade |1=Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998 |label2=Obazoa|2={{Clade |1=Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 |2={{Clade |1=Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 |2=Opisthokonta }} }} }} |label2=CRuMs|2={{Clade |1={{clade|label1='''Mantamonadida'''|1={{clade|1=''Mantamonas sphyraenae''|2={{clade|1=''Mantamonas plastica''|2=''Mantamonas vickermani''}}}}}} |2={{Clade |1=Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 |2=Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993 }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

==Species== There are currently three species of ''Mantamonas''.<ref name="Blaz 2021"/> *''Mantamonas plastica'' {{au|Glücksman & Cavalier-Smith 2011}}<ref name="pmid20884290"/> * ''Mantamonas sphyraenae'' {{au|Blaz et al. 2021}} * ''Mantamonas vickermani'' {{au|Blaz et al. 2021}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Blaz 2021">{{cite bioRxiv|title=High quality genome and transcriptome data for two new species of Mantamonas, a deep-branching eukaryote clade |first1=Jazmin|last1=Blaz|first2=Luis Javier|last2=Galindo|first3=Aaron A.|last3=Heiss|first4=Harpreet|last4=Kaur|first5=Guifré|last5=Torruella|first6=Ashley|last6=Yang|first7=L. Alexa|last7=Thompson|first8=Alexander|last8=Filbert|first9=Sally|last9=Warring|first10=Apurva|last10=Narechania|first11=Takashi|last11=Shiratori|first12=Ken-ichiro|last12=Ishida|first13=Joel B.|last13=Dacks|first14=Purificación|last14=López-García|first15=David|last15=Moreira|first16=Eunsoo|last16=Kim|first17=Laura|last17=Eme|biorxiv=10.1101/2023.01.20.524885|date=January 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="CavSmith 2021">{{cite journal|last1=Cavalier-Smith|first1=Thomas|title=Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi|journal=Protoplasma|date=May 2022|volume=259|issue=3|pages=487–593|doi=10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7|pmid=34940909|pmc=9010356 |bibcode=2022Prpls.259..487C }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid20884290">{{cite journal|date=September 2010|title=The Novel Marine Gliding Zooflagellate Genus ''Mantamonas'' (Mantamonadida ord. n.: Apusozoa)|journal=Protist|volume=162|issue=2|pages=207–221|doi=10.1016/j.protis.2010.06.004|pmid=20884290|last1=Glücksman|first1=Edvard|last2=Snell|first2=Elizabeth A.|last3=Berney|first3=Cédric|last4=Chao|first4=Ema E.|last5=Bass|first5=David|last6=Cavalier-Smith|first6=Thomas}}</ref>

<ref name="Orr 2017">{{cite journal|last1=Orr|first1=Russell J. S.|last2=Zhao|first2=Sen|last3=Klaveness|first3=Dag|last4=Yabuki|first4=Akinori|last5=Ikeda|first5=Keiji|last6=Makoto|first6=Watanabe M.|last7=Shalchian-Tabrizi|first7=Kamran|title=Enigmatic Diphyllatea eukaryotes: Culturing and targeted PacBio RS amplicon sequencing reveals a higher order taxonomic diversity and global distribution |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |date=2018 |volume=18 |issue=1 |article-number=115 |doi=10.1186/s12862-018-1224-z |doi-access=free |pmid=30021531 |pmc=6052632 |biorxiv=10.1101/199125}}</ref>

<ref name="Brown_2018">{{Cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Matthew W|last2=Heiss|first2=Aaron A|last3=Kamikawa|first3=Ryoma|last4=Inagaki|first4=Yuji|last5=Yabuki|first5=Akinori|last6=Tice|first6=Alexander K|last7=Shiratori|first7=Takashi|last8=Ishida|first8=Ken-Ichiro|last9=Hashimoto|first9=Tetsuo|date=January 2018|title=Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group|journal=Genome Biology and Evolution|language=en|volume=10|issue=2|pages=427–433|doi=10.1093/gbe/evy014|issn=1759-6653|pmc=5793813|pmid=29360967}}</ref>

<ref name="CavSmith 2014">{{Cite journal|last1=Cavalier-Smith|first1=Thomas|last2=Chao|first2=Ema E.|last3=Snell|first3=Elizabeth A.|last4=Berney|first4=Cédric|last5=Fiore-Donno|first5=Anna Maria|last6=Lewis|first6=Rhodri|title=Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=81|pages=71–85|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012|pmid=25152275|year=2014|doi-access=free |bibcode=2014MolPE..81...71C }}</ref>

}} {{Eukaryota}} {{Taxonbar|from1=Q24048470|from2=Q120002015|from3=Q120002005}} Category:CRuMs genera