{{Infobox mineral | name = Manganvesuvianite | category = Sorosilicates | boxwidth = | boxbgcolor = | image = Manganvesuvianite-122296.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Manganvesuvianite from Wessels Mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa (4.2 x 3.9 x 3.3 cm) | formula = {{chem2|Ca19Mn(3+)(Al,Mn(3+),Fe(3+))10(Mg,Mn(2+))2(Si2O7)4(SiO4)10O(OH)9}} | IMAsymbol = Mnves<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref> | molweight = | strunz = 9.BG.35 | dana = 58.02.04.04<ref name=webmineral>{{cite web |title=Manganvesuvianite |url=http://webmineral.com/data/Manganvesuvianite.shtml |publisher=Webmineral |accessdate=July 22, 2012}}</ref> | system = Tetragonal | class = Dipyramidal (4/m) <br/><small>(same H-M symbol)</small> | symmetry = ''P4/n'' | unit cell = a = 15.575&nbsp;Å, c = 11.824&nbsp;Å, Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;2 | color = Deep red-brown, red, nearly black | habit = | twinning = | cleavage = None observed | fracture = Conchoidal | tenacity = | mohs = 6 to 7 | luster = Vitreous | polish = | refractive = n<sub>ω</sub> = 1.735, n<sub>ε</sub> = 1.724 | opticalprop = Uniaxial (-) | birefringence = δ = 0.012 | 2V = | dispersion = | pleochroism = Strong | fluorescence= | absorption = | streak = White | gravity = | density = | melt = | fusibility = | diagnostic = | solubility = | diaphaneity = Transparent, translucent, opaque | other = | references =<ref name=mindat>{{cite web|title=Manganvesuvianite|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-11475.html|publisher=Mindat|accessdate=July 22, 2012}}</ref> }} '''Manganvesuvianite''' is a rare mineral with formula {{chem2|Ca19Mn(3+)(Al,Mn(3+),Fe(3+))10(Mg,Mn(2+))2(Si2O7)4(SiO4)10O(OH)9}}. The mineral is red to nearly black in color. Discovered in South Africa and described in 2002, it was so named for the prevalence of manganese in its composition and its relation to vesuvianite.

==Occurrence and formation== Manganvesuvianite crystals occur as long prisms up to {{convert|1.5|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=A2002_138>Armbruster 2002, p. 138.</ref> Small crystals are transparent and red to lilac in color; large crystals are opaque and nearly black in color with dark-red internal reflections.<ref name=A2002_138_139>Armbruster 2002, pp. 138–9.</ref> Strongly zoned crystals less than {{convert|0.2|mm|in|abbr=on}} in size constitute rock-forming manganvesuvianite.<ref name=A2002_139>Armbruster 2002, p. 139.</ref>

{{As of|2012}}, manganvesuvianite has been found at two locations in South Africa.<ref name=mindat/> It formed at temperatures of {{convert|250|to|400|C|F}} by the hydrothermal alteration of sedimentary and metamorphic manganese ores. Crystallization occurred in fault planes and lenticular bodies in the ore bed or by filling veins and vugs.<ref name=A2002_137/> Manganvesuvianite has been found in association with calcite, manganese-poor grossular, hydrogrossular-henritermierite, mozartite, serandite-pectolite, strontiopiemontite-tweddillite, and xonotlite.<ref name=A2002_139_140>Armbruster 2002, pp. 139–40.</ref>

Manganvesuvianite is a member of the vesuvianite group and is the manganese analogue of vesuvianite.<ref name=mindat/>

==History== In 1883, Arnold von Lasaulx made the first detailed description of vesuvianite containing up to 3.2 wt% MnO from Lower Silesia in Poland.<ref name=A2000_571>Armbruster 2000, p. 571.</ref> Studies in the 1980s and 1990s revealed that the vesuvianite group was more complex than previously assumed, necessitating the definition of new minerals.<ref name=A2002_138/> In 2000, vesuvianite was found containing up to 14.3 wt% MnO from the Kalahari manganese fields of Northern Cape Province, South Africa.<ref name=A2000_570>Armbruster 2000, p. 570.</ref> Manganvesuvianite proper was discovered in the Wessels ({{coord|27|6|56.43|S|22|51|27.87|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:ZA}}) and N'Chwaning (shaft II; {{coord|27|8|6.84|S|22|51|55.99|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:ZA}}) mines of the Kalahari manganese fields<ref name=mindat/> and described in 2002 in the journal ''Mineralogical Magazine''.<ref name=A2002_137/> It was named ''manganvesuvianite'' for the significant manganese in its formula and its relation to vesuvianite.<ref name=mindat/> The mineral and name were approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (IMA 2000-40).<ref name=mindat/><ref name=A2002_137>Armbruster 2002, p. 137.</ref> The type specimen from the N'Chwaning II Mine is held at the Natural History Museum of Bern in Switzerland.<ref name=A2002_140>Armbruster 2002, p. 140.</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

;Bibliography *{{cite journal|last1=Armbruster|first1=Thomas|last2=Gnos|first2=Edwin|title=Tetrahedral vacancies and cation ordering in low-temperature Mn-bearing vesuvianites: Indication of a hydrogarnet-like substitution|journal=American Mineralogist|date=March–April 2000|volume=85|issue=3 & 4|pages=570–577|doi=10.2138/am-2000-0419|bibcode=2000AmMin..85..570A|s2cid=53359206|url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/am/vol85/AM85_570.pdf}} *{{cite journal|last1=Armbruster |first1=T.|last2=Gnos|first2=E.|last3=Dixon|first3=R.|last4=Gutzmer|first4=J. |last5=Hejny|first5=C.|last6=Döbelin|first6=N. |last7=Medenbach|first7=O.|title=Manganvesuvianite and tweddillite, two new Mn<sup>3+</sup>-silicate minerals from the Kalahari manganese fields, South Africa|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|date=February 2002|volume=66|issue=1|pages=137–150|doi=10.1180/0026461026610018|bibcode=2002MinM...66..137A|s2cid=59474881|url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/mm/vol66/MM66_137.pdf}}

==External links== {{commonscat-inline|Manganvesuvianite|lcfirst=yes}}

Category:Tetragonal minerals Category:Minerals in space group 85 Category:Calcium minerals Category:Manganese(II,III) minerals Category:Aluminium minerals Category:Iron(III) minerals Category:Magnesium minerals Category:Sorosilicates Category:Hydroxide minerals