{{Short description|Species of plant in the spurge family}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} {{Speciesbox |image = Mallotus repandus 04.JPG |status = LC |status_system = IUCN3.1 |status_ref = {{R|IUCN}} |genus = Mallotus (plant) |species = repandus |authority = (Rottler) Müll.Arg.{{R|POWO}} |range_map = |synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}} |synonyms = {{Collapsible list |title = 26 synonyms |bullets = true |''Croton repandus'' {{small|Rottler}} (1803) |''Rottlera repanda'' {{small|(Rottler) Scheff.}} (1869) |''Adisca timoriana'' {{small|Span.}} (1841) |''Croton baccifer'' {{small|Benth.}} (1847), ''nom. nud.'' |''Croton rhombifolius'' {{small|Willd.}} (1805) |''Croton volubilis'' {{small|Llanos}} (1856) |''Mallotus chrysocarpus'' {{small|Pamp.}} (1910) |''Mallotus contubernalis'' {{small|Hance}} (1882) |''Mallotus contubernalis'' var. ''chrysocarpus'' {{small|(Pamp.) Hand.-Mazz.}} (1931) |''Mallotus repandus'' var. ''chrysocarpus'' {{small|(Pamp.) S.M.Hwang}} (1985) |''Mallotus repandus'' var. ''megaphyllus'' {{small|Croizat}} (1938) |''Mallotus repandus'' var. ''scabrifolius'' {{small|(A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.}} (1866) |''Mallotus scabrifolius'' {{small|(A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.}} (1866) |''Mallotus scandens'' {{small|(Span.) Müll.Arg.}} (1866) |''Mappa scandens'' {{small|(Span.) Pancher ex Baill.}} (1862) |''Rottlera cordifolia'' {{small|Benth.}} (1861) |''Rottlera dicocca'' {{small|Roxb.}} (1832) |''Rottlera dioica'' {{small|Baill.}} (1858) |''Rottlera laccifera'' {{small|Voigt}} (1845) |''Rottlera rhombifolia'' {{small|(Willd.) Thwaites}} (1861) |''Rottlera scabrifolia'' {{small|A.Juss.}} (1824) |''Rottlera scandens'' {{small|Span.}} (1841) |''Rottlera trinervis'' {{small|Zipp. ex Span.}} (1841) |''Rottlera viscida'' {{small|Blume}} (1826) |''Trevia nudiflora'' var. ''dentata'' {{small|Susila & N.P.Balakr.}} (1998) |''Helwingia populifolia'' {{small|Spreng.}} (1815) }} }}
'''''Mallotus repandus''''', known in Australia as the '''climbing mallotus''', is a species of plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to the Indian subcontinent, mainland Southeast Asia, Malesia, New Guinea, Queensland, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.
==Description== ''Mallotus repandus'' is an evergreen vine that may reach up to {{cvt|20|m}} long and a stem diameter of up to {{cvt|22|cm}}.{{R|RFK|FOC|FOA}} It is the only ''Mallotus'' species to grow as a liana.<ref name="sagkw"/>{{rp|23}} Bark is dark brownish grey.<ref name="sierra"/> Branchlets, petioles and inflorescences are dull yellowish-brown. The blaze (longitudinal cut of the bark) is finely layered, with an odour of green peas (''Pisum sativum''). The simple and broad leaves are slightly peltate.<ref name="eol"/> Flowers are yellowish. It flowers in China from March to May, and fruits from June to September. The species can be distinguished from other ''Mallotus'' species, by its being a climber and that its upper leaf surface have more than 2 marginal extrafloral nectaries, and that its fruits are (1-or) 2- or 3-locular.<ref name="sierra">{{cite journal|last1=Sierra|first1=S.E.C.|last2=van Welzen|first2=P.C.|last3=Slik|first3=J.W.F.|title=A Taxonomic Revision of Mallotus Section Philippinenses (Former Section Rottlera – Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia And Thailand|journal=Blumea|date=2005|volume=50|issue=2|pages=221–248|doi= 10.3767/000651905X622978|s2cid=85602042 |url=https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/525257}}</ref> A molecular phylogeny study has ''M. repandus'' as a sister species of ''M. phillippensis'' (Lam.) Muell.Arg.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulju |first1=Kristo K. M. |last2=Sierra |first2=Soraya E. C. |last3=Draisma |first3=Stefano G. A. |last4=Samuel |first4=Rosabelle |last5=van Welzen |first5=Peter C. |title=Molecular Phylogeny of Macaranga, Mallotus, and related genera (Euphorbiaceae s.s.): insights from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data |journal=American Journal of Botany |date=2007 |volume=94 |issue=10 |pages=1726–43 |doi=10.3732/ajb.94.10.1726 |pmid=21636369 |url=https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:244197 }}</ref> The indumentum/hairs on the leaves of the plant are simple and multicellular, a trait only found amongst the ''Mallotus'' genera in the closely related ''M. philippensis''.<ref name="sagkw">{{cite journal|last1=Sierra|first1=S.E.C.|last2=Aparicio|first2=M.|last3=Gebraad|first3=M.J.H.|last4=Kulju|first4=K.K.M.|last5=van Welzen|first5=P.C.|title=The morphological range in Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) and a taxonomic Revision of its section Rottleropsis (including Axenfeldia) in Malesia, Thailand and Africa|journal=Blumea|date=2007|volume=52|pages=21–113|doi= 10.3767/000651907X612355|url=https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/524640}}</ref>
==Habitat== The climber/shrub grows locally scattered in the understorey of primary to secondary forest, and in disturbed sites and scrub. It can be found at forest edges, mangrove swamp edges, road and river sides, ridges, steep slopes and dry ground. It is able to grow on various soil types, including those derived from limestone and granite, on sandy loam and rocky soils. It occurs from sea level to {{cvt|1500|m}} altitude. It generally flowers and fruits throughout the year.<ref name="sierra"/> Grows in both lowland and upland rain forest in Queensland, at elevations from near sea level to {{cvt|750|m}}.<ref name="RFK"/> In Southeast Asia, the liana/shrub occurs in secondary vegetation formations or on the edges of dense forests.<ref name="dyphon"/> In China it is found in thickets, forest and their fringes, hills and mountain valleys below {{cvt|100|m}}.<ref name="FOC"/> The plant is sometimes harmed by infestation with the parasite plant ''Cuscuta japonica'' (Japanese dodder).<ref name="eol">{{cite web |title=Mallotus repandus (Rottler) Müll. Arg. |url=https://eol.org/pages/1154787 |website=EOL, Encyclopedia of Life |publisher=eol.org |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> It provides food for the moth ''Acrocercops zopherandra''. It is one of three ''Mallotus'' species that host the fungus ''Cercospora malloti''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Phengsintham |first1=P |last2=Braun |first2=U |last3=McKenzie |first3=EHC |last4=Chukeatirote |first4=E |last5=Cai |first5=L |last6=Hyde |first6=KD |title=Monograph of Cercosporoid fungi from Thailand |journal=Plant Pathology & Quarantine |date=2013 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=67–138 |doi=10.5943/ppq/3/2/2 |url= https://www.academia.edu/28925655 |access-date=25 April 2020|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Distribution== The climbing mallotus is native to a very broad area from India to Oceania, including India, East Himalaya, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, much of east, central and southern China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Queensland, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu.{{R|POWO|RFK|FOC|GRIN}}
==Common names== Vernacular names for ''M. repandus'' include: {{Columns-list|colwidth="28em"| * ''climbing mallotus'' (Australia);<ref name="RFK" /> * ''waithied'' (Lifou);<ref name="sierra" /> * ''wananugapok'' (Waskuk); * ''toho'' (Wagu); * ''ngontoen'' (New Guinea); * ''nono nuifmetan'' (Dawan); * ''bina'' (Rote);<ref name="agastya" /> * ''keterakaba'',<ref name="sierra" /> ''ikur wase'', ''rowe'' (Lesser Sunda Islands); * ''katjoe-kilang'', ''{{lang|jv|merangan}}'', ''{{lang|jv|sindukan}}'', ''{{lang|jv|toekal takal}}'' (Java); * ''panuálan'' (Tagalog); * ''{{lang|fil|adgao}}'', ''ambao'', ''tagbanua'', ''tapin'' (Philippines); * {{lang|zh|石岩枫}}, ''shi yan feng'' (Chinese);<ref name="FOC" /> * ''ma-pawp-kua'' (Lao);<ref name="sierra" /> * ''chumpu préi'',<ref name="dyphon" /> ''{{Transliteration|km|champou prei}}'',<ref name="sierra" /> ''{{Transliteration|km|mtehs barang}}'' (Khmer); * ''{{Transliteration|th|makai krapap}}'', ''{{Transliteration|th|krapok krapoi}}'', ''kurapia'',<ref name="sierra" /> ''makai khruea'', ''makai kûae'', ''mapop khruea'', ''naeo nam'', ''pho khan'', ''yiao maeo'', ''yiao maeo thao'' (Thai); * ''ku-ko-mu-ya'' (Malay); * ''ngahlaing-bo'', ''taw-thidin-nww'' (Myanmar); * ''{{Transliteration|hi|akoos}}'' (Hindi); ''kanda-veltoo'' (Teling, India); ''watta-tali'' (India). }}
==Uses== On the island of Rote, eastern Indonesia, the wood of this plant, ''bina'', is one of two used to make the bars for ''meko ai'' (xylophone whose bars are made of wood), it is also recorded in an origin myth for this musical instrument.<ref name="agastya">{{cite book |last1=Agastya Rama Listya |title=The Conceptualization and Sustainability of Rotenese Gong Music |date=2018 |publisher=Ph.D. dissertation, University of Otago |location=Dunedin, New Zealand |url=https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/8549/ListyaAgastyaR2018PhDpdf?sequence=13&isAllowed=y |access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref> In Cambodia, the wood is used to make charcoal for powder.<ref name="dyphon"/> In Kut Chum District, central northeast Thailand, it is used in folk-medicine as an antibiotic, while Northeastern Thai people use it to relieve bone-pain, while elsewhere in Thailand the bark is used in ethnomedicine to treat herpes simplex, inflammation and liver poisoning.<ref name="thai">{{cite web |script-title=th:โคคลาน |url=http://www.thaicrudedrug.com/main.php?action=viewpage&pid=44 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426113512/http://thaicrudedrug.com/main.php?action=viewpage&pid=44 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=26 April 2014 |website=thaicrudedrug.com |language=Thai |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|28em|refs= <ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:351668-1 |title=''Mallotus repandus'' (Rottler) Müll.Arg. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |year=2024 |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="IUCN">{{cite iucn |author=Barstow, M. |year=2021 |title=''Mallotus repandus'' |volume=2021 |article-number=e.T183252294A183252473 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T183252294A183252473.en |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="FOA">{{cite web |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Mallotus%20repandus |title=''Mallotus repandus'' |last1=Forster |first1=P.I. |year=2022 |editor-last1=Wilson |editor-first1=A.J.G. |website=Flora of Australia |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="dyphon">{{cite book |last1=Pauline Dy Phon |title=Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge |date=2000 |publisher=Imprimerie Olympic |location=Phnom Penh |page=425 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InD2RAAACAAJ|author1-link=Pauline Dy Phon }}</ref>
<ref name="RFK">{{cite web |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Mallotus_repandus.htm |title=''Mallotus repandus'' |author1=F.A.Zich |author2=B.P.M.Hyland |author3=T.Whiffen |author4=R.A.Kerrigan |author2-link=Bernard Hyland |year=2020 |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government |access-date=30 June 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="FOC">{{cite journal |title=13. Mallotus repandus (Willdenow) Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea. 34: 197. 1865. |journal=Flora of China |date=n.d. |volume=11 |pages=226–30 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012594 |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |title=Taxon: Mallotus repandus (Rottler ex Willd.) Müll. Arg. |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=23193 |website=U.S. National Plant Germplasm System {GRIN) |publisher=USDA, Agricultural Research Service |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> }}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11076094}}
repandus Category:Flora of China Category:Flora of tropical Asia Category:Flora of Queensland Category:Flora of Taiwan Category:Flora of New Caledonia Category:Plants described in 1865