{{Short description|Mythical Greek healer hero}} [[File:Machaon son of Asclepius.jpg|thumb|Marble torso probably representing the son of Asclepius, Machaon. 2nd century B.C. Ancient Messene museum.]]
In Greek mythology, '''Machaon''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|k|eɪ|.|ə|n}}; {{langx|grc|Μαχάων|Macháōn}}) was a son of Asclepius; and the older brother of Podalirius. He and his brother led an army from Tricca in the Trojan War on the side of the Greeks.<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 2.729–32</ref>
== Family == Machaon fathered Nicomachus and Gorgasus by Anticleia, daughter of Diocles of Pharae.<ref>Pausanias, 4.30.2</ref> His other sons were Alexanor,<ref>Pausanias, 2.11.5, 2.23.4 & 2.38.6</ref> Sphyrus<ref>Pausanias, 2.23.4</ref> and Polemocrates.<ref>Pausanias, 2.38.6</ref>
According to Diogenes Laertius's ''Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'', Hermippus, in his book ''On Aristotle,'' places Machaon as the son of Asclepius, father of Nicomachus, and ancestor of Aristotle.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Diogenes Laertius|date=1925|title=Lives of Eminent Philosophers 5.1. Aristotle|doi=10.4159/dlcl.diogenes_laertius-lives_eminent_philosophers_book_v_chapter_1_aristotle.1925}}</ref>
== Mythology == Both Machaon and Podalirius were highly valued surgeons and medics.<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 2.273</ref> In the ''Iliad,'' he was wounded and put out of action by Paris.<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 11.506</ref> Machaon (or his brother) healed Philoctetes' foot infection, Telephus and Menelaus, after he sustained an arrow at the hand of Pandarus, during the war. He was also supposed to possess herbs which were bestowed to his father Asclepius by Chiron, the centaur.<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 4.219</ref>
He was killed by Eurypylus in the tenth year of the war.<ref>Quintus Smyrnaeus, 6.408</ref> He was buried in Gerenia in Messenia, where he was worshiped by the people.
In the account of Dares the Phrygian, Machaon was illustrated as ". . . large and brave, dependable, prudent, patient, and merciful."<ref>Dares Phrygius, ''History of the Fall of Troy'' [https://www.theoi.com/Text/DaresPhrygius.html 13]</ref> ==Legacy==
* The Old World swallowtail butterfly (''Papilio machaon'') references Machaon in its binomial name.<ref>{{cite book |author=Michael A. Salmon, Peter Marren & Basil Harley |title=The Aurelian Legacy: British Butterflies and Their Collectors |publisher=University of California Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-520-22963-1 |pages=252 |chapter=The Swallowtail – ''Papilio machaon'' Linnaeus |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAUTW-ax-SgC&pg=PA252}}</ref> * ''Machaonia'', a plant genus in Rubiaceae, is named for Machaon. * The Jovian trojan asteroid 3063 Makhaon is named after him.<ref>Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003) Dictionary of minor planet names, Springer - p.252</ref>
== Notes == {{Reflist}}
== References ==
* Dares Phrygius, ''from The Trojan War.'' ''The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian'' translated by Richard McIlwaine Frazer, Jr. (1931-). Indiana University Press. 1966. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/DaresPhrygius.html Online version at theio.com] * Diogenes Laertius, ''Lives of Eminent Philosophers'' edited by R.D. Hicks. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1972 (First published 1925). [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0258 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0257 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library]. *Homer, ''The Iliad'' with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. {{ISBN|978-0674995796|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] * Homer, ''Homeri Opera'' in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. {{ISBN|978-0198145318|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0133 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library]. * Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'' with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. {{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library] * Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio.'' ''3 vols''. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library]. * Quintus Smyrnaeus, ''The Fall of Troy'' translated by Way. A. S. Loeb Classical Library Volume 19. London: William Heinemann, 1913. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/QuintusSmyrnaeus1.html Online version at theio.com] * Quintus Smyrnaeus, ''The Fall of Troy''. Arthur S. Way. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1913. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0490 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
{{Characters in the Iliad}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Children of Asclepius Category:Achaean Leaders Category:Mythological Greek medical doctors