Mahoning River

{{Short description|River in Ohio and Pennsylvania, United States}} {{Use American English|date=February 2025}} {{Infobox river | name = Mahoning River | image = Mahoning River Market Street Bridge Youngstown.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = The Mahoning River in Youngstown, Ohio | map = Beaverriverpamap.png | map_caption = Map of the Beaver River watershed including the Mahoning River | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = States | subdivision_name2 = Ohio, Pennsylvania | length = {{convert|182|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name=mahoning>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mahoningriver.com/ |title=mahoningriver.com |access-date=2006-03-15 |archive-date=2006-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821005617/http://mahoningriver.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | source1_location = One half mile southwest of Winona, Ohio | source1_elevation = {{convert|395|m|abbr=on}} above sea level<ref>''Hanoverton, OH,'' 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1994 (1997 rev.)</ref> | source1_coordinates = {{coord|40|49|18|N|80|54|12|W|display=inline}}<ref name=gnis/> | mouth = Beaver River | mouth_location = near Mahoningtown, New Castle, Pennsylvania | mouth_elevation = {{convert|232|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1066822}}</ref> | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|40|57|29|N|80|22|43|W|display=inline,title}}<ref name=gnis/> | discharge1_avg = {{convert|54|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=mahoning/> | basin_size = {{convert|2932|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }}

The '''Mahoning River'''<ref name=gnis/> is a river in northeastern Ohio and a small portion of western Pennsylvania. Flowing primarily through several Ohio counties, it crosses the state line into Pennsylvania before joining with the Shenango River to form the Beaver River. The Mahoning River drops from {{convert|1296|ft}}<ref name=gnis/> at the headwaters near Winona to {{convert|761|ft}}<ref name=gnis/> at the outfall near Mahoningtown, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Ohio River watershed. The name is said to derive from either the Lenape or Shawnee languages and mean "Deer Lick," as the area was once known for salt springs,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahoning County |url=https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Mahoning_County |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214224355/https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Mahoning_County#:~:text=%E2%80%9CMahoning%E2%80%9D%20is%20a%20Native%20American,form%20Ohio's%20boundary%20with%20Pennsylvania |archive-date=2022-12-14 |website=Ohio History Central}}</ref> but it's possible the name of the Mahoning and several other similarly named landmarks and places in western Pennsylvania (Manayunk, etc) could come from the Lenape, mënehokink (may-nuh-ho-keeng), meaning "place to get water."<ref>{{cite web |title=Search Results of "Drink" English to Lenape |url=https://www.talk-lenape.org/results?query=Drink |website=The Lenape Talking Dictionary}}</ref>

==Tributaries==

===North Shore=== * Marshall Run * Crab Creek * Grays Run * Dry Run * Little Girard Creek * Mosquito Creek * Chocolate Run * Eagle Creek * West Branch * Kale Creek * Willow Creek * Deer Creek * Beech Creek * Beaver Run * Coffee Run

===South Shore=== * Hickory Run * Hines Run * Yellow Creek * Mill Creek (Austintown) * Fourmile Run * Meander Creek * Mud Creek * Duck Creek * Lawson Run * Charley Run Creek * Mill Creek (Berlin) * Island Creek * Fish Creek

== Hydronymy == The name comes from Lenape {{lang|del|mahonink}}, meaning "at the licks" or "there is a lick", referring to historic salt licks in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/upload/publications/election/fedroster2009/HistoricalAppendix.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712062648/https://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/upload/publications/election/fedroster2009/HistoricalAppendix.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 July 2013 | title=Ohio County Name Origins | publisher=Ohio Secretary of State | access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Gannett|first=Henry|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA196|year=1905|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=196}}</ref>

== Physical properties == {{unreferenced section|date=July 2012}} thumb|Berlin Lake and Dam on the Mahoning River in Mahoning and Portage Counties. View is upriver to the south-southwest.thumb|The Mahoning River below Berlin Lake and Dam in Mahoning and Portage counties. Lake Milton can be seen in the far distance to the north-northeast.

The river is formed near Winona in Columbiana County, Ohio, and extends for a length of approximately 113 miles (182 km), with a watershed area of approximately 1,132 square miles (2,932 km²). It joins the Shenango River near Mahoningtown, Pennsylvania south of New Castle to form the Beaver River. The river traverses five Ohio counties<ref name=gnis/>—Columbiana, Stark, Portage, Trumbull, and Mahoning—as well as Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. The watershed area also includes parts of Ashtabula and Geauga counties in Ohio.

The three main tributaries are Mosquito Creek, West Branch Mahoning River, and Eagle Creek, all in Ohio. There are 15 dams on the river course. The river has a course of 97.1 miles (156.3 km) in Ohio, with the remainder in Pennsylvania.

The river supports more than 72 species of fish and 15 species of freshwater mussels.

The river is roughly divided into two sections based on its own character and its surroundings. In addition to the change in terrain addressed in the section on "Floods", the level of human development changes dramatically as well. The “upper elevation”, flowing north and east, extends roughly from Winona to Leavittsburg and is generally rural in nature, meandering through game lands, forests, and agricultural properties. The mainstem (lower elevation), flowing mainly southeast, extends roughly from Leavittsburg to the river's mouth near New Castle, Pennsylvania. Portions of this section are more densely populated and heavily industrialized, including the cities of Warren, Niles, Youngstown, Campbell, and others. The area suffers with residue from all the industrial activity that began in the late 19th century. The mainstem area has a population of over 500,000 and has a long history of steel making, coke production, and other industries.

== Environmental concerns == {{unreferenced section|date=December 2015}} The industrial nature of the mainstem area has caused considerable pollution in the river. Much of the pollution has left the ecosystem via the natural river flow. But analysts estimate that 750,000 cubic yards (573,416 m³) of river bed and shoreline sediment, over a 30-mile (48.2 km) stretch of the mainstem from Leavittsburg to the Pennsylvania border, is so heavily polluted that it will need to be remediated. Approximately 45% of this material is located in the vicinity of the Girard Dam near Girard, Ohio, which has acted as a trap for much of the contaminated sediment.

Petroleum hydrocarbons, benzo(a)pyrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and mercury have all been found in quantities several times the maximum safe levels. Since 1988, the Ohio Department of Health has maintained an advisory against swimming or wading in the river between Leavittsburg and the Pennsylvania border, and also advises against eating fish caught there. The Corps of Engineers estimates that the remediation will take up to 15 years to complete and cost in excess of US$100 million.

Cities and towns along its course include: {{Div col|small=yes}} * Winona, Ohio * Alliance, Ohio * Sebring, Ohio * Newton Falls, Ohio * Leavittsburg, Ohio * Warren, Ohio * Niles, Ohio * McDonald, Ohio * Girard, Ohio * Youngstown, Ohio * Campbell, Ohio * Struthers, Ohio * Lowellville, Ohio * Edinburg, Pennsylvania * Mahoningtown, Pennsylvania {{Div col end}}

== Floods == The Mahoning River is susceptible to frequent flooding during high rain events. A days long flood lasted almost continuously from March 23 to March 26, 1913. Youngstown residents were without water. Damage reached to communities throughout the area, such as Leavittsburg and Lowellville. Losses to the busy industrial area in the region reached the millions of dollars. Flood waters nearly reached the roofs of Republic Steel's plant. Some damaged bridges collapsed. Several water control infrastructure projects followed: The Lake Milton dam was built from 1913 to 1917.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-03-14 |title=The Flood of 1913 |url=https://mahoninghistory.org/2013/03/14/the-great-flood-of-1913/ |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=Mahoning Valley Historical Society |language=en-US}}</ref>

Another dramatic flooding event started when three days of torrential rain fell in July 2003,<ref name="mahoningriver.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.mahoningriver.com/Mahoning%20River%20WAP.pdf|title=Mahoning River Watershed Action Plan|publisher=Youngstown State University|access-date=2011-03-01|archive-date=2011-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714021143/http://www.mahoningriver.com/Mahoning%20River%20WAP.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> resulting in such high volume that the river changed its course in Leavittsburg, flooding and destroying nearly 100 homes. For much of the upper half of the river, the land is relatively flat with minimal relief to confine the river. This makes it prone to change courses during high-water events. Around Youngstown, the river valley becomes much more pronounced and the river is more constrained, although there is still room for localized avulsions.

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060206073705/http://www.ysu.edu/mahoning_river/ Archived version of Youngstown State University's Mahoning River Watershed website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150801223229/http://www.mahoningriver.com/ Archived version of Mahoning River Consortium website]

Category:Rivers of Ohio Category:Rivers of Pennsylvania Category:Tributaries of the Beaver River Category:Youngstown, Ohio Category:Rivers of Clearfield County, Pennsylvania Category:Rivers of Lawrence County, Pennsylvania Category:Rivers of Mahoning County, Ohio Category:Rivers of Columbiana County, Ohio Category:Rivers of Stark County, Ohio Category:Rivers of Portage County, Ohio Category:Rivers of Trumbull County, Ohio