{{Short description|Urban electric car hatchback manufactured by Mahindra Reva}} {{For|the later 4-door electric vehicle|Mahindra e2o Plus}} {{Infobox electric vehicle | name = Mahindra e2o | image = Mahindra e2o Kathmandu 2.jpg | caption = | manufacturer = [[Mahindra Electric]] | aka = Reva NXR | production = 2013–2017 | model_years = | successor = [[Mahindra e2o Plus]] | assembly = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]] | class = [[City car]] [[A-segment|(A)]] | body_style = 3-door [[hatchback]] | layout = | platform = | motor = 3 phase induction motor<ref name=Specs>{{cite web|title=Mahindra e2o Car Specification|url=https://www.mahindrae2oplus.com/pages/buyers-guide/specifications|website=www.mahindrae2oplus.com/|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref> | battery = 11 to 16kWh [[Lithium-ion battery|Li-ion]]<ref name=Specs/> | range = {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=Specs/> | length = 3280 mm<ref name=Specs/> | width = 1514 mm<ref name=Specs/> | height = 1560 mm<ref name=Specs/> | weight = {{convert|1,830|lb|abbr=on|disp=flip}}<ref name=Specs/> | sp = | predecessor = [[G-Wiz]] }} The '''Mahindra e2o''', previously Reva NXR, is an [[City car|urban]] [[electric car]] [[hatchback]] manufactured by [[Mahindra Reva]] or Reva Electric Vehicles in 2013–2017. The e2o is the successor of the [[REVAi]] (or G-Wiz as it was known in the UK)<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra Reva lines up offer to boost E2O electric car sales|url=http://www.team-bhp.com/news/mahindra-reva-lines-offer-boost-e2o-electric-car-sales|publisher=www.team-bhp.com|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref> and was developed using Reva's technology, and has a range of {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Specs />

In 2006, the G-Wiz became the world's best-selling electric vehicle<ref>{{cite web|url=http://optimistworld.com/Boris-Johnson-charged-up-by-environmental-friendly-G-Wiz/ |access-date=16 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416135251/http://optimistworld.com/Boris-Johnson-charged-up-by-environmental-friendly-G-Wiz/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |title=Companies - Boris Johnson charged up by environmental friendly G-Wiz }}</ref> and by 2008, the company managed to sell over 950 G-Wiz electric cars, making it the UK's best-selling electric car of all time at that time (the record was later surpassed by the Nissan LEAF, with over 14,000 sold by 2016; the LEAF was in turn surpassed by the Mitsubishi Outlander, with over 23,000 sold in the UK by the end of 2016).<ref>{{cite web|title=Electric Car Market Statistics|url=http://www.nextgreencar.com/electric-cars/statistics/|publisher=[[Next Green Car]]|access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref>

The e2o, a two-door, four-seater hatchback, is equipped with features like automatic transmission and allows the buyer to lock the car and operate the air conditioning using a mobile application. According to Forbes, the car "will inoculate its buyers from rising gas prices, provide relief from tailpipe exhaust on India’s polluted streets, and provide a much more convenient and cost effective alternative for the urban city driving."<ref>{{cite web|title=India Launches A $15,000 Electric Car, With No Help From The Government|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidferris/2013/03/18/india-launches-a-15000-electric-car-with-no-help-from-the-government/|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref>

In 2013, the firm had plans to launch the e2o in the European market during the first quarter of 2014,<ref name=e2o_4>{{cite web|last=Chaudhari|first=Yuga|title=Lack of government subsidy puts brakes on e2o sales, says Mahindra & Mahindra|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-lack-of-government-subsidy-puts-brakes-on-e2o-sales-says-mahindra-and-mahindra-1919464|work=dna india|date=15 November 2013|publisher=Diligent Media Corporation Ltd.|access-date=2013-12-06}}</ref> but the UK launch actually occurred much later, in April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra e20 Electric Car Launches in UK|url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/mahindra-e2o-electric-car-launches-uk/|publisher=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]]|access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref>

The car was discontinued in India in November 2016, coinciding with the start of production of the larger [[Mahindra e2o Plus|e2o Plus]], though Mahindra Electric CEO announced that "the e2o will continue to sell in the export market".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.carandbike.com/news/mahindra-e2o-two-door-officially-discontinued-in-india-exports-to-continue-1629581|title=Mahindra e2o Two-Door Officially Discontinued in India; Exports to Continue}}</ref>

The e2o was retired from UK market in May 2017 due to poor sales and trading situation under Brexit, the company bought back at full price the cars from customers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/mahindra/e2o/99382/mahindra-e2o-electric-city-car-pulled-from-uk-sales|title=Mahindra e2o electric city car pulled from UK sales|work=Auto Express|access-date=2018-02-17|language=en}}</ref>

==Company history== Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited, formerly known as the [[Mahindra REVA|Reva Electric Car Company (RECC)]], was founded in 1994 by [[Chetan Maini]], as a joint venture between the Maini Group of Bengaluru and Amerigon Electric Vehicle Technologies (AEVT Inc.) of the US. The company's sole aim was to develop and produce an affordable compact electric car. Several other automakers were also aiming to do so, but in 2001 RECC launched the [[REVAi|REVA]] electric car, the company's flagship vehicle, which was available in 26 countries with more than 4,000 of its versions sold worldwide by mid March 2011.

Reva was acquired by Indian conglomerate [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] in May 2010. In 2013, Mahindra Reva was selected as one of "The World’s 50 Most Innovative Companies 2013″ by Fast Company.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra Reva in "Most Innovative Companies 2013 by Fast Company"|url=http://www.woolor.com/thetechbook/mahindra-reva-in-most-innovative-companies-2013-by-fast-company/|publisher=www.woolor.com|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref>

Since inception, the company has come to be regarded as a pioneer in the electric vehicles space.<ref>[https://www.vodafone.in/documents/pdfs/mahindra_reva_casestudy.pdf Mahindra reva casestudy]</ref>

==Product history== [[File:Reva NXR (rear quarter).jpg|thumb|Rear-quarter view of the REVA NXR concept exhibited at the 2009 [[Frankfurt Motor Show]].]] The Reva NXR M1 class electric [[concept car]] was unveiled at the 2009 [[Frankfurt Motor Show]]. Production was initially scheduled for late 2010 with deliveries slated for early 2011;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2010/03/31/reva-explains-rescheduling-of-pilot-production-fpr-nxr-electric/|title=Reva explains "rescheduling" of pilot production of NXR electric car|date=2010-03-31|access-date=2010-06-12|publisher=[[AutoblogGreen]]|archive-date=2 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402024919/http://green.autoblog.com/2010/03/31/reva-explains-rescheduling-of-pilot-production-fpr-nxr-electric/|url-status=dead}}</ref> export production was initially scheduled for 2012. It was later rescheduled for late 2012 only for the Indian market, and took place in March 2013 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2012/11/20/next-gen-mahindra-reva-nxr-electric-car-spotted-in-india/|title=Next-gen Mahindra Reva NXR electric car spotted in India|author=Jon LeSage|publisher=[[Autoblog Green]]|date=2012-11-20|access-date=2012-11-20}}</ref> when the Mahindra e2o was launched.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.carwale.com/news/9874-official-mahindra-reva-nxr-to-be-called-e2o-launch-soon.html | title=Official: Mahindra Reva NXR to be called e2o, launch soon | date=7 January 2013 }}</ref>

According to Mahindra, the market launch was delayed while awaiting a decision from the Indian government on whether it would provide consumer tax benefits for electric car buyers. Although the incentives were not included in the 2013-14 Indian government budget, the company decided to proceed with the market launch. The company anticipates that [[Delhi]] will become the largest market for the e2o, as the city offers a 29% subsidy for the purchase of electric cars. The company has already set up over 250 [[charging station]]s in various cities, with 95 in Delhi and over 100 in Bengaluru.<ref name=E20_1/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plugincars.com/mahindra-e20-all-electric-car-launch-india-mid-march-126594.html|title=Mahindra's e20 All-Electric Car to Launch in India in Mid-March |author=Brad Berman|publisher=PluginCars.com|date=2013-03-05|access-date=2013-03-19}}</ref>

The Mahindra e2o was expected to be available with either [[lead-acid]] or [[lithium-ion]] batteries. The car's exterior concept was initiated in collaboration with DC Design, and detailed design of production exterior and interior styling was done in-house by Reva's R&D and Styling team.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}

Range, speed, safety and interior specifications fall along the lines of a new generation of [[battery electric vehicles]]. In Europe, the process might start with Mahindra e2o undergoing M1 categorisation. The earlier Reva was exempted from most European crash test rules because of its low weight and power, and it was registered in the European ‘heavy quadricycle’ category instead of the ‘car’ category. Now the Mahindra e2o like any other car sold in Europe, has to have a crash test, ABS and airbags.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra Reva might test launch e20 in Amsterdam|url=http://www.wheelsunplugged.com/news/mahindra-reva-might-test-launch-e20-amsterdam/1470|publisher=www.wheelsunplugged.com|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref> The Mahindra e2o however, passed all safety tests in 2013 when it was crash tested in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/autos/htauto-carreviews/mahindra-e2o-review-test-drive/article1-1028691.aspx |access-date=16 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119122736/http://www.hindustantimes.com/autos/htauto-carreviews/mahindra-e2o-review-test-drive/article1-1028691.aspx |archive-date=19 November 2013 |title=Mahindra e2o review, test drive - Hindustan Times }}</ref>[[File:Reva nxr solar panels.jpg|thumb|left|Roof-mounted [[solar panels]] of the REVA NXR concept.]]

The Mahindra e2o has features like a REVive battery charging system. Through the [[telematics|telematic]] remote access to the car's on-board Energy Management System, the company's support centre can individually determine the battery condition and allow access to a small reserve charge. Mahindra e2o is manufactured through processes that do not pollute all the way from the design stage in India's first Platinum certified automobile plant. The facility itself is naturally lit and ventilated, uses LED lights, recycles, gets 35 percent of its power from solar panels and is claimed to be 60-70 percent more efficient than a conventional facility. Much like a modern-day smartphone, the Mahindra e2o has functions that can be powered remotely. Remote diagnostics through telematics monitors the e2o on a daily basis giving instant diagnosis of any existing or impending problems. A smartphone app provides information of the car's state of charge, and even sends a reminder for its various functions. One can remotely lock and unlock the car, start and stop charging, turn the car on and off, switch the air conditioning on and off and even set a schedule using the smartphone app.<ref>{{cite web|title=6 reasons why Mahindra e2o is the coolest car to come out of India|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/auto/6-reasons-why-mahindra-e2o-is-the-coolest-car-to-come-out-of-india/slideshow/19042323.cms|publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref>

There are other ingenious technologies that have been incorporated in the e2o such as Sun2Car, and Regenerative braking system that further boost the car's range. The Sun2Car, for instance, allows people to charge the e2o using solar energy while it's parked.<ref>{{cite web|title=M&M launches all-electric passenger car 'e2o'|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/auto/mm-launches-all-electric-passenger-car-e2o/some-ingenious-technologies/slideshow/19036054.cms|publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref> The regenerative braking technology puts energy back into the car's batteries and charges them every time the brake is applied.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra launches electric car 'e2o' priced at Rs 5.96 lakh|date=19 March 2013 |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/auto/mahindra-launches-electric-car-e20-price/story/193406.html|publisher=[[Business Today (business magazine)]]|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref>

==Specifications== The car has a [[lithium-ion battery]] pack that takes five hours for a full charge, and with a weight of {{convert|1,830|lb|abbr=on|disp=flip}}, delivers a range of {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}} and a top speed of {{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The e2o is one of the more advanced cars on Indian roads, with [[smartphone]]-controlled features, [[GPS navigation system]] and a dashboard-mounted [[touchscreen]], [[keyless entry]], [[start/stop]] button, and [[regenerative braking]]. According to the company, the car's safety features comply with European norms.<ref name=E20_1>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mahindra-launches-electric-car-e20-priced-at-rs-5.96-lakh/1089850/0|title=Mahindra launches electric car 'e20' priced at ₹5.96 lakh |work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=2013-03-18|access-date=2013-03-18}}</ref><ref name=E20_2>{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1082969_mahindra-e2o-electric-minicar-launches-in-india-nee-reva-nxr|title=Mahindra E2O Electric Minicar Launches In India, Nee Reva NXR |author=Antony Ingram|publisher=Green Car Reports|date=2013-03-18|access-date=2013-03-18}}</ref>

==Production and sales== [[File:Mahindra e2o Kathmandu 5.jpg|thumb|A Mahindra e2o in Kathmandu, Nepal.]] [[File:Mahindra Reva dealership Kathmandu 2.jpg|thumb|A Mahindra REVA dealership in Kathmandu, Nepal.]] The Mahindra e2o is manufactured at the company's Bengaluru factory. The company invested [[Indian rupee|₹]]100 [[crore]] ({{USD|18.5 million}}) on the development of the car and construction of a manufacturing plant with an annual capacity of 30,000 units a year, and initially projected to sell only about 400 to 500 units a month, with Delhi accounting with about 150 to 200 units.<ref name=E20_1/> Due to delays in the roll-out of the central government incentives, in November 2013 the company announced it was scaling back plans to release of other electric vehicles, and reported that by mid November only about 400 units have been sold in India, [[Nepal]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/m-m-restrains-its-plan-for-new-electric-vehicles-113111401053_1.html|title=Govt support missing, M&M scales back plans for new electric vehicles|author=BS staff |work=[[Business Standard]]|date=2013-11-15|access-date=2013-12-09}}</ref>

The Mahindra e2o was launched in India in March 2013 at a price between [[Indian rupee|₹]]6.5 [[lakh]] ({{USD|11,900}}) to ₹8.5 lakh ({{USD|15,670}}) depending on the city and before any [[government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles#India|subsidy]].<ref name=E20_1/><ref name=E20_3>{{cite web|url=http://www.rushlane.com/mahindra-reva-e2o-price-ranges-1270382.html|title=Mahindra Reva e2o price ranges from Rs 6.5 to 8.5 lakhs in states with no subsidy|author=Sagar Patel|publisher=Rushlane Daily Auto News|date=2013-03-01|access-date=2013-03-20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322231428/http://www.rushlane.com/mahindra-reva-e2o-price-ranges-1270382.html|archive-date=2013-03-22}}</ref>

As a response to lower sales than initially expected, the e2o Premium variant was launched in August 2014 <ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/passenger-vehicle/cars/mahindra-reva-e2o-premium-launched-at-rs-5-72-lakh/articleshow/40592055.cms |title=Mahindra Reva e2o Premium launched at Rs 5.72 lakh |author=Zigwheels.com |work=Economic Times |date=2014-08-14|access-date=2014-12-23}}</ref> with Electric Power steering and 120&nbsp;km range upgrade {{Convert|120|km|abbr=on}} at 5.72 lakh INR (ex- showroom Delhi) with a monthly energy fee of Rs. 2,999. The energy fee has been rechristened as “e2o care protection plan”.<ref>{{cite web|title=e2o CARE PROTECTION PLAN|url=http://mahindrareva.com/buy/e2o-care-protection-plan|publisher=www.mahindrareva.com|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref>

To address consumer concerns of high initial acquisition cost, Mahindra Reva introduced an ownership program, “Goodbye Fuel, Hello Electric”. The program splits the acquisition cost into initial cost and e2o care protection plan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mahindra Reva launches Premium variant of e2o 'smart car'|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/mahindra-reva-launches-premium-variant-of-e2o-smart-car/article6335220.ece|access-date=23 March 2016|publisher=[[Business Line]]}}</ref> Under this program, the company would guarantee the performance of the battery as the ownership of the battery lies with Mahindra Reva. The company will also provide the 24X7 assistance and a courtesy car during battery repair period.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra Reva slashes e2o price by up to Rs 1.7 lakh|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-18/news/47451135_1_electric-car-e2o-mahindra-reva-electric-vehicles-small-car|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302051029/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-18/news/47451135_1_electric-car-e2o-mahindra-reva-electric-vehicles-small-car|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2014|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref>

Mahindra e2o has also been launched in countries such as Nepal, Bhutan and Bermuda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra launches e20 car in Nepal|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/world/mahindra-launches-e20-car-in-nepal/article5026120.ece|publisher=[[Business Line]]|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra enters Bhutan, launches electric car e2o|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-28/news/47774130_1_ngultrum-bhutan-government-tobgay|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303204759/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-28/news/47774130_1_ngultrum-bhutan-government-tobgay|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2014|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Video/Photos: Mahindra e2o Electric Car Launch|url=http://bernews.com/2014/07/mahindra-reva-to-offer-electric-car-on-island/|publisher=[[Bernews]]|access-date=23 March 2016|date=2014-07-10}}</ref>

==Sustainable mobility solutions{{Buzzword inline|date=July 2019}}== Besides manufacturing, the company is also involved in developing energy solutions{{Buzzword inline|date=July 2019}} for sustainable mobility, notably Sun2Car, Car2Home and Quick2Charge.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electric vehicles: Back to the future?|url=http://forbesindia.com/blog/technology/electric-vehicles-back-to-the-future/|work=Forbes India|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra Reva e2o Gets Host Of Options – Quick2Charge, Sun2Car, Car2 Home, Goodbye Fuel/Hello Electric|url=http://insideevs.com/mahindra-reva-e2o-gets-host-options-quick2charge-sun2car-car2-home-goodbye-fuelhello-electric/|publisher=InsideEVs.com|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="energynext.in">{{cite web|title=MAHINDRA REVA LAUNCHES NEW CAR|url=http://www.energynext.in/mahindra-reva-launches-new-car/|publisher=www.energynext.in|access-date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mahindra Reva showcases the Electric Future|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cd/mahindra-reva-showcases-the-electric-future-114020601253_1.html|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=23 March 2016|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=2014-02-06|last1=Khandal|first1=Vidhyadhar}}</ref>

==See also== * [[Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles]] * [[List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles]] * [[List of production battery electric vehicles]] * [[Mahindra Halo]] * [[Mahindra REVA]] * [[REVAi]]

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category}} * [https://www.mahindrae2oplus.com/pages/ Official Mahindra e2o website]

{{Cars in India}} {{Mahindra and Mahindra vehicles}} {{Authority control}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}

[[Category:Production electric cars|Mahindra E20]] [[Category:Cars of India]] [[Category:Electric city cars]] [[Category:2010s cars]] [[Category:Mahindra vehicles|e2o]]