Magtymguly Pyragy

{{short description|18th-century Turkmen spiritual leader, poet and sufi}} {{about|the Turkmen spiritual leader|the location|Magtymguly District}} {{Multiple issues| {{Disputed|date=December 2022}} {{Unreliable sources|date=December 2022}} }} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox writer | native_name = {{lang|fa|{{nastaliq|مخدومقلی فراغی}}}} | birth_name = Magtymguly | image = Почтовая марка СССР № 5446. 1983. 250-летие со дня рождения Махтумкули.jpg | image_size = 200px | alt = | caption = A Soviet Union stamp with an artistic depiction of Magtymguly Pyragy, 1983 | pseudonym = Pyragy (Feraghi) | birth_date = {{circa|{{birth date text|1724}}}} | birth_place = Hajji Qushan, Khorasan, Safavid Iran | death_date = {{circa|{{death date text|1807}}}} | death_place = Khorasan, Qajar Iran | resting_place = Aq Taqeh-ye Qadim, Golestan Province, Iran | occupation = Spiritual leader, philosophical poet, sufi, traveller | language = Turkmen, Persian, Arabic | nationality = Turkmen | parents = {{lang|tk|Döwletmämmet Azady}} (father) | spouse = Unknown | genre = Poetry, ''qoshuk'' form | subject = Patriotism, social inequality, love | notableworks = Türkmeniň{{Broken anchor|date=2024-05-27|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=#Türkmeniň|reason= The anchor (Türkmeniň) has been deleted.}} | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = {{lang|tk|Idris Baba}} Madrassah, {{lang|tk|Gögeldaş}} Madrassah, (Emirate of Bukhara), {{lang|tk|Şirgazy}} Madrassah, (Khanate of Khiva) | period = Golden Age of Turkmen literature | movement = Realism | portaldisp = }}

'''Magtymguly Pyragy''' ({{langx|fa|{{nastaliq|مخدوم قلی فراغی}}}} ''Makhdumqoli{{efn|Also romanized as ''Makhdūm Qulī''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Cambridge History of Islam|volume=2|page=478|bibcode=1971GeogJ.137..413F|last1=Fox|first1=William C.|last2=Holt|first2=P. M.|last3=Lambton|first3=A.|last4=Lewis|first4=B.|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=1971|issue=3|doi=10.2307/1797299|jstor=1797299}}</ref>}} Farāghi''; {{langx|tk|Magtymguly Pyragy}}, {{IPA|tk|ˌmɑʁtɯmɢʊˈɫʊ ˌpɯɾɑːˈʁɯ|IPA}}; {{circa|1724 – 1807)}},<ref name="Clark">{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Larry |title=Turcologica 34, Turkmen Reference Grammar |date=1998 |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |isbn=3-447-04019-X |page=16}}</ref> born '''Magtymguly''', was an Iranian-Turkmen<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-02 |title=Divan of Iranian-Turkmen poet Magtymguly Pyragy rendered into Persian |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/459358/Divan-of-Iranian-Turkmen-poet-Magtymguly-Pyragy-rendered-into |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Tehran Times |language=en}}</ref> spiritual leader, philosophical poet, Sufi and traveller, who is considered the most famous figure in Turkmen literary history.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Music of Central Asia |date=2016 |publisher=Indiana University press |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |page=128}}</ref>

Magtymguly is considered the greatest representative of Turkmen literature, credited with the creation of Turkmen written literature itself, and whose literary form became a powerful symbol of the historical and the incipient national consciousness of the Turkmen people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gross |first1=Jo-Ann |title=Muslims in Central Asia: Expressions of Identity and Change |date=1992 |publisher=Duke University Press |page=167}}</ref> He is part of a unique period in the cultural history of Central Asia, with his exceptional talent projecting his personal poetic synthesis onto the next generation of poets of the region.{{sfn|Gross|1992|p=187}} The poems of the Turkmen poet<ref>{{cite web | title=В Туркменистане вышло в свет подарочное издание стихотворений Махтумкули | date=21 September 2024 | url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/82811/v-turkmenistane-vyshlo-v-svet-podarochnoe-izdanie-stihotvorenii-mahtumkuli }}</ref> have been translated into many languages of the world, including English,<ref name="turkmenistan.gov.tm">{{cite web | title=В преддверии 33-ей годовщины независимости Туркменистана книжные магазины пополнились новинками | date=20 September 2024 | url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/87576/v-preddverii-33-ej-godovshchiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana-knizhnye-magaziny-popolnilis-novinkami }}</ref> Russian,<ref name="turkmenistan.gov.tm"/> Kyrgyz,<ref>{{cite web | title=В Бишкеке презентован сборник стихотворений Махтумкули, переведенных на кыргызский язык | date=4 October 2024 | url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/83286/v-bishkeke-prezentovan-sbornik-stihotvorenii-mahtumkuli-perevedennyh-na-kyrgyzskii-yazyk }}</ref> Romanian.<ref>{{cite web | title=Национальной библиотеке Румынии передан сборник стихов туркменского классика Махтумкули | date=24 September 2024 | url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/82920/nacionalnoi-biblioteke-rumynii-peredan-sbornik-stihov-turkmenskogo-klassika-mahtumkuli }}</ref>

In a wider context, Magtymguly is often placed alongside major figures of the Turkic literary world such as Hoja Ahmad Yasawi, Yunus Emre, Ali-Shir Nava'i and Fizuli.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gudar |first1=Nurcan Oznal |title=Mahtumkulu Guldeste |date=2016 |publisher=Salon Yayinlari |location=Istanbul |isbn=978-605-9831-48-2 |page=11}}</ref>

== Biography == === Early life and education === Magtymguly was born in Haji Qushan,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bozkurt |first1=Fuat |title=The Language of the Turks |date=2012 |publisher=Eğitim Yayınevi |page=321|language=Turkish}}</ref> a village near the city of Gonbad-e Qabus in the modern-day province of Golestan, Iran, the northern steppes of which are known as Turkmen Sahra (Turkmen steppes).<ref>{{cite web |title=Dašt-e Gorgān |url=https://doi.iranicaonline.com/articles/gorgan-ii |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |quote=Another traditional name for this region is Torkaman Ṣaḥrā, characterizing at the same time the specific and dominant composition of its population. }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was part of the extensive Safavid Empire in the first half of the 18th century.<ref>Hillenbrand R., ''Islamic Art and Architecture'', London (1999), {{ISBN|0-500-20305-9}}, pp. 226-228</ref>

Magtymguly's name, signifying "slave of Magtym," derives from one of the revered lineages within the Turkmen community. In addition to his given name, the poet adopted a distinctive pen name or makhlas, "Feraghi," in his literary works. It comes from Arabic and means "the one separated from" happiness, or union with his beloved.{{sfn|Gross|1992|p=175}}

Magtymguly's father was {{lang|tk|Döwletmämmet Azady}}, himself an educated poet.{{sfn|Gross|1992|pp=169-170}} His father was also a local teacher and mullah, and was highly regarded by his people.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ekber |first1=Kadir |journal=Turkic World Studies |title= Mahtumkulu |date=1999 |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=278 |publisher=Aegean University |location=Wisconsin University |language=Turkish}}</ref>

[[File:رودخانه اترک و روستای عشق آباد.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Atrek River, Golestan, the region where Magtymguly was born and lived most of his life]]

Magtymguly received his early education in the Turkmen, Persian and Arabic languages from his father.{{sfn|Gudar|2016|pp=12-13}} He also learned ancestral trades such as felt-making and, according to some sources, jewellery.<ref name="Kahraman"/>

Magtymguly continued his studies in various madrassahs (religious school of higher learning), including Idris Baba madrassah in the village of {{lang|tk|Gyzyl Aýak}}, {{lang|tk|Gögeldaş}} madrassah in Bukhara and {{lang|tk|Şirgazy}} madrassah in Khiva.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kazimoglu |first1=Samir |title=Literature of Turkic People |date=1994 |publisher=Ecdad Publications |page=99 |language=Turkish}}</ref><ref name="Kahraman"/> Magtymguly provided basic information about himself, his family and children in his poetry. In his poem "{{lang|tk|Äleme belgilidir}}" (Known in the world), Magtymguly says: "Tell those who enquire about me that I am a Gerkez, I hail from Etrek and my name is Magtymguly", identifying his homeland as the banks of the Etrek River and expressing his identity through his tribe.{{sfn|Gudar|2016|p=12}}

=== Later life === Magtymguly traveled extensively during his lifetime, mostly to widen his erudition, with the territories of present-day Azerbaijan, India, Iran and Uzbekistan among the countries known to have been visited by him.{{sfn|Gudar|2016|p=13}}

Not much is known about Magtymguly's family life. He was unable to marry a woman he loved from his own village, {{lang|tk|Meňli}}, whom he dedicated a great deal of his love poems.{{sfn|Gudar|2016|p=13}}

The following is the excerpt from Magtymguly's {{lang|tk|Aýryldym}} (Separated) poem dedicated to {{lang|tk|Meňli}} (in original Turkmen and its English translation):{{sfn|Gudar|2016|p=19}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <poem> {{lang|tk|Aýryldym gunça gülümden. Syýa saçly sünbülimden, Hoş owazly bilbilimden, Şirin güftardan aýryldym.}}</poem>

{{col-break}} <poem> I am separated from my flower. From my black-haired beauty, From my nice-voiced nightingale, I am separated from my sweet-talking love.</poem> {{col-end}}

Magtymguly died in 1807.{{sfn|Gudar|2016|p=11}} His resting place is in the village of Aq Taqeh-ye Qadim, in Golestan Province, Iran. Nowadays, his tomb is the site of pilgrimages at which prayers and Sufi "dhikrs" are performed by members of different ethnic groups.{{sfn|Gross|1992|p=169}}{{sfn|Gudar|2016|p=13}}

== Sufism and mysticism == {{Sufism|Sufis}} A number of Magtymguly's poems display Sufistic philosophical attitudes that stress certain teachings and practices of the Quran and the sunnah, describing ethical and spiritual goals.{{sfn|Gross|1992|pp=175-179}}

A number of Magtymguly's ghazals, however, when taken out of context, seem to make antinomian statements with regard to religion. Despite this, Magtymguly should not be compared to an Uzbek poet Mashrab, who was an antinomian heterodox Sufi and hanged in 1712, nor should he be compared to an Iraqi Turkmen poet Nesimi, who adopted self-deification stance. Antinomian heterodoxy appears not to be the major trend in Magtymguly's poetry. His conventional stand, in fact, is the Sufi station of ''khajrat'' (bewilderment).{{sfn|Gross|1992|pp=179-180}}

The following is an excerpt from Magtymguly's {{lang|tk|"Ýar senden"}} poem is an exemplary work containing all of the familiar Sufi elements:{{sfn|Gross|1992|pp=185-186}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <poem> {{lang|tk|Magtymguly, aşyklaryň mestinde, Hyra gözi haýran olar dostunda, Ýedi ýerde, dokuz pelek üstünde Ýa, reb, habar bilerinmi, ýar, senden!}}.</poem>

{{col-break}} <poem> Makhtumquli is drunk with love of You His dazzled eye stares in amazement at his Friend In the nine spheres above the seven earths, Oh Lord, will I hear from You</poem> {{col-end}}

The following verse is a call to follow the "sunnah", where Magtymguly also uses the ''laqab'' of {{lang|tk-Latn|Aşyk Pyrak}} (Feraghi-in-love). Note: The first four lines is the original (Turkmen) language of the poem written using Arabic alphabet as in one of the earliest manuscripts, while next are in modern Turkmen alphabet; English translation is provided further down.

:1 :{{lang|tk-arab|rtl=yes|{{nastaliq|عاشق فراق دير عرضين}}}} :{{lang|tk-arab|rtl=yes|{{nastaliq|روزه نماز ديان فرضين}}}} :{{lang|tk-Latn|Aşyk Pyrak diýer arzyn,}} :{{lang|tk-Latn|Roza, namaz diýen parzyn,}} : Feraghi-in-love will state his will, : Our sacred duty is to pray and fast,

:2 :{{lang|tk-arab|rtl=yes|{{nastaliq|بوينومزدا اوش بو قرضين}}}} :{{lang|tk-arab|rtl=yes|{{nastaliq|جان چقمان بريب كچلی}}}} :{{lang|tk-Latn|Boýnumyzda uşbu karzyn,}} :{{lang|tk-Latn|Jan çykman berip geçeli!}} : We have this debt on our shoulders, : Let's return it before we leave!

In the poem below, called {{lang|tk|"Bady-sabany görsem"}} (I'd Like to Feel the Wind of Dawn), all three people Magtymguly wishes to have seen (known) are considered prominent figures in Sufism, with Bahauddin being the founder of one of the largest Sufi Sunni orders, the Naqshbandi.<ref>Algar, H. (1988a). "Bahāʾ-al-Dīn Naqšband". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. III, Fasc. 4. New York. pp. 433–435.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Islam |first1=Riazul |title=Sufism in South Asia: Impact on Fourteenth Century Muslim Society |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=191}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Allen |first1=J. Frank |title=Bukhara and the Muslims of Russia: Sufism, Education, and the Paradox of Islamic Prestige |date=2012 |publisher=BRILL |page=42}}</ref> {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <poem> {{lang|tk|Dehistanyň baýrynda, Bady-sabany görsem. Bahawetdin Mirkulal, Zeňňi Babany görsem}}.</poem>

{{col-break}} <poem> I'd like to feel the wind of dawn, On the hills of Dehestan, I'd like to see Zengi Baba, Bahauddin, Mirkulal. </poem> {{col-end}}

==Political ideals== Magtymguly lived at a time when Turkmen tribes were displaced from their homeland, and plundered as a result of constant clashes with Iran and Khiva. He deeply resented it and expressed his feelings of repentance in his poems.<ref name="Kahraman">{{cite web |last1=Kahraman |first1=Alim |title=Mahtumkulu |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahtumkulu |website=Encyclopedia of Islam |language=Turkish |access-date=16 December 2022 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126183407/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahtumkulu |url-status=live }}</ref> Indeed, Magtymguly express strong social protest in his poems, but his political thought is mostly directed towards the unification of the Turkmen tribes and the establishment of an independent polity for Turkmens.{{sfn|Gross|1992|p=180}}

==Poetry== thumb|right|300px|10 manat banknote of Turkmenistan with the image of Magtymguly (2009) Magtymguly was one of the first Turkmen poets to introduce the use of classical Chagatai, the court language of the Khans of Central Asia, as a literary language, incorporating many Turkmen linguistic features.<ref>Clark, Larry, Michael Thurman, and David Tyson. "Turkmenistan." Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan: Country Studies. Comp. Glenn E. Curtis. Washington, D.C.: Division, 1997. 318.</ref> His poetry exemplifies a trend towards increased use of Turkic languages rather than Persian; he is revered as the founder of Turkmen poetry, literature and language.<ref>Abazov, Rafis. ''Culture and Customs of the Central Asian Republics''. Westport, Connecticut. 2007 p. 89</ref> Magtymguly's poetry also gave start to an era litterateurs depict as the "Golden age" in Turkmen literature.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hasan Dani |first1=Ahmad |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century |last2=Masson |first2=Vadim |date=2003 |publisher=UNESCO |page=139}}</ref> His literary form became a powerful symbol of the historical and the incipient national consciousness of the Turkmen people.{{sfn|Gross|1992|p=167}}

Unlike his father and another prominent Turkmen poet of the era, Andalib, Magtymguly employed strophic form, usually quatrains (qoshuk) for his poems making them syllabic. Vast majority of his poems are in the form of folk Turkmen songs, ''qoshuk'' and ''aydish'', with the latter being a form of musical contest usually involving two poets.{{sfn|Gross|1992|p=175}}

== Legacy == Magtymguly is part of a unique period in the cultural history of Central Asia; his exceptional talent projected his personal poetic synthesis onto the next generation of poets of the region.{{sfn|Gross|1992|p=187}}

Magtymguly is often placed alongside major figures of the Turkic literary world such as Hoja Ahmad Yasawi, Yunus Emre, Ali-Shir Nava'i and Fizuli.{{sfn|Gudar|2016|p=11}}

27 June is celebrated in Turkmenistan as "the Day of Workers of Culture and Arts and the poetry of Magtymguly Fragi".<ref>{{cite web|title=Culture is the spiritual light of the people (in Turkmen)|url=https://zamanturkmenistan.com.tm/?p=31036|website=Zaman Turkmenistan|date=27 June 2020|access-date=10 July 2020|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527071342/https://zamanturkmenistan.com.tm/?p=31036|url-status=live}} "The proclamation of June 27 of each year as "the Day of the Workers of Culture and Arts and the poetry of Magtymguly Pyragy" makes the workers of culture and art even more proud.</ref>

The International Organization of Turkic Culture declared 2024 the "Year of the Great Poet and Thinker of the Turkic World Magtymguly Pyragy",<ref>{{cite web | title=2024 год объявлен ТЮРКСОЙ «Годом Махтумкули Фраги» | date=7 November 2022 | url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/53860/2024-god-obyavlen-tyurksoi-godom-mahtumkuli-fragi }}</ref> the anniversary of Magtymguly Pyragy is also included in the list of significant dates celebrated jointly with UNESCO in 2024-2025. In connection with the anniversary, a large-scale plan of festive events was approved in Turkmenistan and other countries, including Uzbekistan.<ref>[https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2024/02/19/mahtumkuli/ 300-летие туркменского поэта Махтумкули широко отметят в Узбекистане]</ref>

=== Monuments === In May 2024, a monument dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the birth of Turkmen poet and philosopher Magtymguly Pyragy was unveiled in Ashgabat at the foot of the Kopetdag mountain range.<ref>[https://tass.ru/obschestvo/20836235]</ref> The 60-meter sculpture of the poet stands on a 20-meter pedestal, to which a majestic staircase with massive granite bowls leads.<ref>[https://azertag.az/ru/xeber/v_turkmenistane_otkryli_60_metrovyi_pamyatnik_poetu_mahtumkuli_fragi-3009874]</ref><ref>[https://turkmenportal.com/blog/78189/v-ashhabade-torzhestvenno-otkryli-pamyatnik-poetu-mahtumkuli-fragi#google_vignette]</ref>

A monument to Magtymguly made of concrete and natural stone was erected in Magtymguly Square on Magtymguly Avenue in the center of Ashgabat in 1971.<ref>{{cite book |title=Big Soviet Encyclopedia (TU) |date=1978 |location=Moscow |page=28}}</ref> He is also one of several statues that surround the Independence Monument in Ashgabat. The statues depict people praised in the ''Ruhnama'', a spiritual guide written by Turkmenistan president Saparmurat Niyazov.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brummell |first1=Paul |title=Turkmenistan |date=2005 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-84162-144-9 |pages=98–100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fG9zk5Y3MugC&pg=PA63 |language=en |access-date=9 January 2023 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126183253/https://books.google.com/books?id=fG9zk5Y3MugC&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

Monuments to Magtymguly Pyragy are installed in cities across the former USSR. These include including monument in Astana,<ref>[https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/47736.html]</ref><ref>[https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/85330/v-astane-sostoyalas-ceremoniya-otkrytiya-pamyatnika-mahtumkuli-fragi]</ref> Kyiv, Astrakhan (Russia), bas-relief in Tashkent,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2017/05/18/magtymguly-pyragy/ |title=На ул. Махтумкули в Ташкенте открыт барельеф поэта |access-date=8 January 2020 |archive-date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824233619/https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2017/05/18/magtymguly-pyragy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Khiva, as well as in Iran and Ankara<ref>[https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/37091.html В Анкаре открыт парк «Туркменистан» и памятник туркменскому поэту Махтумкули]</ref>(Turkey).

A bust of Magtymguly Pyragy was unveiled at Margarita Rudomino All-Russia State Library for Foreign Literature in Moscow, Russia in 2024.<ref>[https://caoinform.moscow/sotrudniki-inostranki-soobshhili-ob-otkrytii-skulpturnogo-portreta-mahtumkuli-fragi/#gsc.tab=0 Сотрудники «Иностранки» сообщили об открытии скульптурного портрета Махтумкули Фраги]</ref>

=== Toponyms === * Magtymguly is a city in far south-western Turkmenistan in Balkan Province, the administrative center of Magtymguly District.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/File:2004-06-04-TKM-Pres-Decree-4066-ocr.pdf|title=Turkmenistan Presidential Decree No. 4066 of 4 June 2004|date=4 June 2004|language=tk|access-date=5 October 2020|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501040814/https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/File:2004-06-04-TKM-Pres-Decree-4066-ocr.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> * Magtymguly is a zone in a gas and oil field in Turkmenistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mineral.ru/News/16337.html|title=На месторождении Махтумкули туркменского сектора Каспия получен новый приток нефти|date=25 January 2015|language=ru|access-date=8 January 2020|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603144824/https://www.mineral.ru/News/16337.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Institutions and organizations === thumb|right|175px|Turkmen commemorative coin depicting Magtymguly The following are named after Magtymguly: * Turkmen State University<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly (TSU) |url=https://www.university-directory.eu/Turkmenistan/Turkmen-State-University-named-after-Magtymguly-TSU.html |website=University Directory Worldwide |access-date=2 September 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926013611/https://www.university-directory.eu/Turkmenistan/Turkmen-State-University-named-after-Magtymguly-TSU.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Magtymguly National Institute of Language, Literature and Manuscripts<ref>{{cite web |title=Magtymguly National Institute of Language, Literature and Manuscripts |url=https://science.gov.tm/en/organisations/manuscript_instit/ |website=Science of Turkmenistan |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806133151/http://www.science.gov.tm/en/organisations/manuscript_instit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Magtymguly Musical and Drama Theater in Ashgabat.<ref>http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/12907 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027141047/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/12907 |date=27 October 2019 }} Magtymguly Musical and Drama Theater opens in Ashgabat.</ref> * Youth Organization of Turkmenistan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php/en/news/1594|title=PRESIDENT GURBANGULY BERDIMUHAMEDOV ATTENDED THE VI CONGRESS OF THE YOUTH ORGANIZATION OF TURKMENISTAN NAMED AFTER MAKHTUMKULI|date=11 September 2019|access-date=8 January 2020|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603131712/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php/en/news/1594|url-status=live}}</ref> * A library in Kyiv, Ukraine<ref>{{cite web|url=https://orient.tm/en/library-named-after-makhtumkuli-in-kiev-hosts-creative-anniversary-evening-of-the-poet|title=Library named after Makhtumkuli in Kyiv hosts creative anniversary evening of the poet|date=26 May 2019}}</ref> * Municipal state general education institution School named after Magtymguly Pyragy in the village of Funtovo-1 (Astrakhan Oblast of Russia).<ref>[https://funtovo.edusite.ru/]</ref> * Secondary school named after Magtymguly Pyragy in the daikhan association "Ergesh Sultanov" of the Dusti district (Khatlon region of Tajikistan).<ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/news/4712]</ref>

=== Cinema === * ''Makhtumkuli'' (1968, producer Alti Karliyev) — the role was played by Hommat Mulluk.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alty Karliev (in Russian) |url=https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/acter/m/sov/31868/works/ |website=Kino-teatr |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=11 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311222226/http://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/acter/m/sov/31868/works/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''Fragi – Razluchyonnyy so schastyem'' (1984, producer Khodzhakuli Narliev) — the role was played by Annaseid Annamuhammedov.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fragi – Separated by happiness (in Russian) |url=https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/movie/sov/7577/annot/ |website=Kino-teatr |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009022900/https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/movie/sov/7577/annot/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Postage === thumb|upright=0.7|1959 postage stamp of the USSR In 1959, the USSR issued a postage stamp to mark the 225th anniversary of the birth of Magtymguly.<ref>''Half a century of Soviet Turkmenistan'' (in Russian); Philatelist's calendar for 1974. М: Svyaz; 21–27 October 1973.</ref> In 1983, the USSR issued another stamp to mark the 250th anniversary of his birth.<ref>{{cite web |title=Postage stamp dedicated to Makhtumkuli (250 years) |url=https://coinstamps.ru/marki/5380-lot |website=Postage stamps of Russia, USSR and the World |language=ru |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=16 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016163058/https://coinstamps.ru/marki/5380-lot |url-status=live }}</ref> Turkmenistan issued a 10 manat banknote bearing his likeness in 2009.

=== Other === * In 1974, an orchestral composition by Veli Mukhatov was created "In memory of Magtymguly".<ref>{{cite web |title=Music born with poetry |language=Russian |url=http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=7070 |website=Turkmenistan |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=22 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122224650/http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=7070 |url-status=live }}</ref> * In 1992, the Magtymguly International Prize was established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/23980|title=В Туркмении планируют поднять авторитет международной премии им. Махтумкули|language=ru|date=3 February 2008|access-date=8 January 2020|archive-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114325/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/23980|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2013, the composer Mamed Huseynov wrote an opera called "Monologues of Magtymguly Pyragy".<ref>{{cite web |title=Zum 290. Jahrestag von Mahtumkuli Fragi (in German) |url=https://www.turkmenistan-kultur.at/oesterreich422-dichter-mahtumkuli.html |website=Turkmenistan-Kultur |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726130831/https://www.turkmenistan-kultur.at/oesterreich422-dichter-mahtumkuli.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * From 2002 to 2008, the month of May in Turkmenistan bore the name "Magtymguly".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7365346.stm|title=Turkmen Go Back to Old Calendar|website=BBC News|date=24 April 2008|access-date=30 December 2016|archive-date=19 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419133759/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7365346.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2014, the Magtymguly Pyragy Medal was established as a reward for great achievements in the study, dissemination and promotion of the creative heritage of Magtymguly.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=6060 | title=Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr | access-date=8 January 2020 | archive-date=1 July 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701222342/http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=6060 | url-status=live }}</ref> * A Turkmen dry cargo ship is named "Magtymguly".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.trend.az/business/economy/2195182.html|title=The tender is for another docking and major repair of the Magtymguly dry-cargo ship of the Department of Trade Fleet of Turkmenistan|date=27 September 2013|access-date=5 October 2020|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603131712/https://en.trend.az/business/economy/2195182.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notes== {{Notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Magtymguly Pyragy}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20040726083159/http://www.turkmenstudents.com/En/maghtoum.html Essay on Magtymguly's Philosophy of Upbringing] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20161222084337/http://www.gunesh.org/english/main.htm Essay on the life and works of the poet] *[http://rumibalkhi.com/category/magtymguly-pyragy-english-translations/ English translations of his poems] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924010127/http://rumibalkhi.com/category/magtymguly-pyragy-english-translations/ |date=24 September 2020 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pyragy}} Category:18th-century births Category:1800s deaths Category:Turkmenistan Sufis Category:History of Turkmenistan Category:Ethnic Turkmen poets Category:Turkmenistan religious leaders Category:18th-century Iranian poets Category:Turkmen people in Iran Category:People from Golestan province Category:19th-century Iranian poets