{{Short description|Squalene-based adjuvant}} '''MF59''' is an immunologic adjuvant that uses squalene. It is Novartis' proprietary adjuvant that is added to influenza vaccines to help stimulate the human body's immune response through production of CD4 memory cells.<ref name="O’HaganOtt2014">{{cite journal|last1=O’Hagan|first1=Derek T|last2=Ott|first2=Gary S|last3=Nest|first3=Gary Van|last4=Rappuoli|first4=Rino|authorlink4=Rino Rappuoli|last5=Giudice|first5=Giuseppe Del|title=The history of MF59® adjuvant: a phoenix that arose from the ashes|journal=Expert Review of Vaccines|volume=12|issue=1|year=2014|pages=13–30|doi=10.1586/erv.12.140|pmid=23256736}}</ref><ref name="O’HaganRappuoli2014">{{cite journal|last1=O’Hagan|first1=Derek T|last2=Rappuoli|first2=Rino|authorlink2=Rino Rappuoli|last3=De Gregorio|first3=Ennio|last4=Tsai|first4=Theodore|last5=Del Giudice|first5=Giuseppe|title=MF59 adjuvant: the best insurance against influenza strain diversity|journal=Expert Review of Vaccines|volume=10|issue=4|year=2014|pages=447–462|doi=10.1586/erv.11.23|pmid=21506643}}</ref><ref name=rino>{{Cite journal | last1 = Trivedi | first1 = B. | title = Profile of Rino Rappuoli | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0604892103 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 103 | issue = 29 | pages = 10831–10833 | year = 2006 | doi-access = free | pmid = 16832044 | pmc =1544134 | bibcode = 2006PNAS..10310831T }}</ref>
MF59 is the first oil-in-water influenza vaccine adjuvant to be commercialized in combination with a seasonal influenza virus vaccine. MF59 is used as an adjuvant in Canada, Europe and the United States.<ref name=oilh2o>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/adjuvant.htm |title=CDC Flu Vaccine With Adjuvant |access-date=2018-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821043534/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/adjuvant.htm |archive-date=2017-08-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
MF59 was developed in the 1990s by researchers at Chiron Corporation, a Novartis heritage company, acquired by Novartis in 2006.<ref>[https://www.novartisvaccines.com/downloads/diseases-products/MF59-Adj-fact-sheet.pdf MF59 Adjuvant Fact Sheet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309015656/http://www.novartisvaccines.com/downloads/diseases-products/MF59-Adj-fact-sheet.pdf |date=2014-03-09 }}</ref>
==See also== * AS03, another squalene based adjuvant
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Adjuvants Category:Vaccines
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