Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MEF2A'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid1516833">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yu YT, Breitbart RE, Smoot LB, Lee Y, Mahdavi V, Nadal-Ginard B | title = Human myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 comprises a group of tissue-restricted MADS box transcription factors | journal = Genes Dev | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = 1783–98 | date = October 1992 | pmid = 1516833 | doi = 10.1101/gad.6.9.1783 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MEF2A MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, polypeptide A (myocyte enhancer factor 2A)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4205}}</ref> MEF2A is a [[transcription factor]] in the [[Mef2]] family. In humans it is located on [[chromosome 15 (human)|chromosome 15q26]]. Certain [[mutation]]s in MEF2A cause an [[autosomal dominant]] form of [[coronary artery disease]] and [[myocardial infarction]].

== Function ==

The process of differentiation from mesodermal precursor cells to myoblasts has led to the discovery of a variety of tissue-specific factors that regulate muscle gene expression. The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, including myoD (MIM 159970), myogenin (MIM 159980), MYF5 (MIM 159990), and MRF4 (MIM 159991) are 1 class of identified factors. A second family of DNA binding regulatory proteins is the myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family. Each of these proteins binds to the MEF2 target DNA sequence present in the regulatory regions of many, if not all, muscle-specific genes. The MEF2 genes are members of the MADS gene family (named for the yeast mating type-specific transcription factor MCM1, the plant homeotic genes 'agamous' and 'deficiens' and the human serum response factor SRF (MIM 600589)), a family that also includes several homeotic genes and other transcription factors, all of which share a conserved DNA-binding domain.[supplied by OMIM]<ref name="entrez"/>

== Interactions == Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with: {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * [[ASCL1]],<ref name = pmid8662987>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mao Z, Nadal-Ginard B | title = Functional and physical interactions between mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 and myocyte enhancer factor 2A | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 24 | pages = 14371–5 | date = June 1996 | pmid = 8662987 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.24.14371| doi-access = free }}</ref> * [[EP300]],<ref name = pmid12371907>{{cite journal | vauthors = De Luca A, Severino A, De Paolis P, Cottone G, De Luca L, De Falco M, Porcellini A, Volpe M, Condorelli G | title = p300/cAMP-response-element-binding-protein ('CREB')-binding protein (CBP) modulates co-operation between myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) and thyroid hormone receptor-retinoid X receptor | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = 369 | issue = Pt 3 | pages = 477–84 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12371907 | pmc = 1223100 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20020057 }}</ref> * [[HDAC4]],<ref name = pmid10487761/><ref name = pmid10748098/> * [[HDAC9]],<ref name = pmid10487761>{{cite journal | vauthors = Miska EA, Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen SJ, Pines J, Kouzarides T | title = HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 18 | issue = 18 | pages = 5099–107 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10487761 | pmc = 1171580 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/18.18.5099 }}</ref><ref name = pmid10748098>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lemercier C, Verdel A, Galloo B, Curtet S, Brocard MP, Khochbin S | title = mHDA1/HDAC5 histone deacetylase interacts with and represses MEF2A transcriptional activity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 20 | pages = 15594–9 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10748098 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M908437199 | url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00379796/document | doi-access = free }}</ref> * [[Histone deacetylase 5]],<ref name = pmid10748098/> * [[MAPK14]],<ref name = pmid9858528>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao M, New L, Kravchenko VV, Kato Y, Gram H, di Padova F, Olson EN, Ulevitch RJ, Han J | title = Regulation of the MEF2 family of transcription factors by p38 | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–30 | date = January 1999 | pmid = 9858528 | pmc = 83862 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.19.1.21}}</ref><ref name = pmid10330143>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang SH, Galanis A, Sharrocks AD | title = Targeting of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases to MEF2 transcription factors | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 4028–38 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10330143 | pmc = 104362 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.19.6.4028}}</ref> * [[MEF2D]],<ref name = pmid8798771>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ornatsky OI, McDermott JC | title = MEF2 protein expression, DNA binding specificity and complex composition, and transcriptional activity in muscle and non-muscle cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 40 | pages = 24927–33 | date = October 1996 | pmid = 8798771 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.40.24927| doi-access = free }}</ref> * [[Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2]],<ref name = pmid11160896>{{cite journal | vauthors = Quinn ZA, Yang CC, Wrana JL, McDermott JC | title = Smad proteins function as co-modulators for MEF2 transcriptional regulatory proteins | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 732–42 | date = February 2001 | pmid = 11160896 | pmc = 30396 | doi = 10.1093/nar/29.3.732}}</ref> and * [[Thyroid hormone receptor alpha]]<ref name = pmid12371907/> and {{Div col end}}

== References == {{reflist}} {{Clear}}

== Further reading == {{refbegin | 2}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang Q | title = Advances in the Genetic Basis of Coronary Artery Disease | journal = Current Atherosclerosis Reports | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 235–41 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15811259 | pmc = 1783687 | doi = 10.1007/s11883-005-0012-6 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang Q | title = Molecular genetics of coronary artery disease | journal = Curr. Opin. Cardiol. | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 182–8 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15861005 | pmc = 1579824 | doi = 10.1097/01.hco.0000160373.77190.f1 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Funk WD, Wright WE | title = Cyclic amplification and selection of targets for multicomponent complexes: myogenin interacts with factors recognizing binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix, nuclear factor 1, myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2, and COMP1 factor | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 89 | issue = 20 | pages = 9484–8 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1329097 | pmc = 50156 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.89.20.9484 | bibcode = 1992PNAS...89.9484F | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Pollock R, Treisman R | title = Human SRF-related proteins: DNA-binding properties and potential regulatory targets | journal = Genes Dev. | volume = 5 | issue = 12A | pages = 2327–41 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1748287 | doi = 10.1101/gad.5.12a.2327 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Molkentin JD, Black BL, Martin JF, Olson EN | title = Cooperative activation of muscle gene expression by MEF2 and myogenic bHLH proteins | journal = Cell | volume = 83 | issue = 7 | pages = 1125–36 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8548800 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90139-6 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Hobson GM, Krahe R, Garcia E, Siciliano MJ, Funanage VL | title = Regional chromosomal assignments for four members of the MADS domain transcription enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) gene family to human chromosomes 15q26, 19p12, 5q14, and 1q12-q23 | journal = Genomics | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 704–11 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8575763 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1995.9007 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mao Z, Nadal-Ginard B | title = Functional and physical interactions between mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 and myocyte enhancer factor 2A | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 24 | pages = 14371–5 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8662987 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.24.14371 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki E, Lowry J, Sonoda G, Testa JR, Walsh K | title = Structures and chromosome locations of the human MEF2A gene and a pseudogene MEF2AP | journal = Cytogenet. Cell Genet. | volume = 73 | issue = 3 | pages = 244–9 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8697817 | doi = 10.1159/000134348 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Ornatsky OI, McDermott JC | title = MEF2 protein expression, DNA binding specificity and complex composition, and transcriptional activity in muscle and non-muscle cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 40 | pages = 24927–33 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8798771 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.40.24927 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Black BL, Molkentin JD, Olson EN | title = Multiple Roles for the MyoD Basic Region in Transmission of Transcriptional Activation Signals and Interaction with MEF2 | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–77 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9418854 | pmc = 121453 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.18.1.69}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang CC, Ornatsky OI, McDermott JC, Cruz TF, Prody CA | title = Interaction of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) with a mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK5/BMK1 | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 26 | issue = 20 | pages = 4771–7 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9753748 | pmc = 147902 | doi = 10.1093/nar/26.20.4771 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao M, New L, Kravchenko VV, Kato Y, Gram H, di Padova F, Olson EN, Ulevitch RJ, Han J | title = Regulation of the MEF2 Family of Transcription Factors by p38 | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–30 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9858528 | pmc = 83862 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.19.1.21}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang SH, Galanis A, Sharrocks AD | title = Targeting of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases to MEF2 Transcription Factors | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 4028–38 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10330143 | pmc = 104362 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.19.6.4028}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Iida K, Hidaka K, Takeuchi M, Nakayama M, Yutani C, Mukai T, Morisaki T | title = Expression of MEF2 genes during human cardiac development | journal = Tohoku J. Exp. Med. | volume = 187 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–23 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10458488 | doi = 10.1620/tjem.187.15 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Miska EA, Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen SJ, Pines J, Kouzarides T | title = HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 18 | issue = 18 | pages = 5099–107 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10487761 | pmc = 1171580 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/18.18.5099 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mao Z, Bonni A, Xia F, Nadal-Vicens M, Greenberg ME | title = Neuronal activity-dependent cell survival mediated by transcription factor MEF2 | journal = Science | volume = 286 | issue = 5440 | pages = 785–90 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10531066 | doi = 10.1126/science.286.5440.785 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Lu J, McKinsey TA, Nicol RL, Olson EN | title = Signal-dependent activation of the MEF2 transcription factor by dissociation from histone deacetylases | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 97 | issue = 8 | pages = 4070–5 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10737771 | pmc = 18151 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.080064097 | bibcode = 2000PNAS...97.4070L | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Lemercier C, Verdel A, Galloo B, Curtet S, Brocard MP, Khochbin S | title = mHDA1/HDAC5 histone deacetylase interacts with and represses MEF2A transcriptional activity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 20 | pages = 15594–9 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10748098 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M908437199 | s2cid = 39220205 | url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00379796/file/Lemercier_JBC_2000.pdf | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Youn HD, Grozinger CM, Liu JO | title = Calcium regulates transcriptional repression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 by histone deacetylase 4 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 29 | pages = 22563–7 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10825153 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C000304200 | doi-access = free }} {{refend}}

== External links == * {{FactorBook|MEF2A}}

{{PDB Gallery|geneid=4205}} {{Transcription factors|g4}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Myocyte-Specific Enhancer Factor 2a}} [[Category:Transcription factors]] [[Category:Human proteins]]